Economic Activity Of Enterprise Research Articles

Управленческий анализ экономической безопасности предприятий

The unstable conditions of the market economy force the leadership of economic entities to especially carefully monitor the provision of economic security. An important tool in the activities of the economic security services (ECS) of enterprises can be management analysis tools. The goal of the study is to identify the most effective elements of the management analysis method, through which economic security specialists can protect firms from internal threats as effectively as possible. In article the author systematized theoretical aspects of ensuring economic security of the enterprises, presented results of observation and the analysis of work of services of economic security in 40 firms of the real sector of economy of the Central Federal District (CFD) and also offered key indicators for assessment of the weakest points in activity of experts of ECS. The author recommended key indicators for evaluation: forecasting the activities of enterprises, their effectiveness in terms of alternative projects, investment security. The author believes that key indicators should be calculated and analyzed as part of the express monitoring of enterprises in order to identify potential economic threats as quickly as possible, but easily. In order to assess the forecasting of the financial and economic activities of enterprises and the effectiveness of their functioning in the context of alternative projects, specialists of economic security services should, first of all, subject the operating processes of the company to checks: supply, production, sales.

СУТНІСТЬ ТА ЗАВДАННЯ ФІНАНСОВО-ЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ НА СІЛЬСЬКИХ ТЕРИТОРІЯХ

To form a set of approaches to determine the nature and to introduce a list of tasks of financial and economic activity of enterprises (FEAE) in rural areas based on the comparative assessment of scientific research and highlighting entrepreneurial activity peculiarities in the rural areas of Ukraine. The study used the following methods: a literature analysis and comparative assessment (while studying scientific works on defining the nature of the term “financial and economic activity of an enterprise”); analysis and synthesis (while defining the peculiarities of financial and economic activity (FEA) of enterprises in rural areas and formulation of the author’s definition of the term and a set of FEAE in the rural area). The study used a set of scientific approaches (sixteen approaches) to reveal the main differences between the term “financial and economic activities of enterprises in rural areas”. The study has revealed the nature and tasks of financial and economic activity of enterprises in rural areas. The process of defining the nature of the term “financial and economic activity of enterprises” has been improved. Based on it and taking into account distinguishing peculiarities of FEAE in rural areas, the definition of the term’s nature “financial and economic activity of enterprises in rural areas” has been given. In addition, the study has revealed the term’s peculiarities according to the different scientific approaches and introduced a list of tasks on the FEA of agricultural enterprises. Peculiarities of financial and economic activity of enterprises in rural areas have been described.

ЧИННИКИ ВПЛИВУ НА ПОКРАЩЕННЯ ФІНАНСОВО-ГОСПОДАРСЬКОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ МАШИНОБУДУВАННЯ

In the article, the author conducts a study of existing scientific approaches to the interpretation of the financial state of enterprises. The internal and external factors that most affect the financial and economic activity of enterprises in the machine-building industry are determined. Primary internal and external factors that negatively affect the financial and economic activity of machine-building enterprises have been identified. The concept of the financial state of the enterprise is complex, that is, it is characterized by a system of economic parameters that make it possible to determine the availability and use of financial resources of the economic entity. The significance of the analysis of such economic parameters as financial stability, profitability, solvency and a number of other indicators that determine the financial condition of a business entity is characterized. A special role in improving the financial and economic activity of enterprises is played by internal factors, in particular methods and tools for managing the entity's profitability, approaches to managing one's own financial resources, motivational measures, information support, analytical procedures. The analysis of the financial condition is the most important tool for carrying out the company's policy aimed at optimizing resource provision and increasing the competitiveness of products with the expansion of domestic and foreign sales markets. Analysis of all internal and external factors influencing the improvement of the financial and economic activity of the enterprise will enable managers to make optimal and effective decisions for the implementation of strategic plans. The influence of the external environment on the operation of the enterprise was studied in order to develop effective mechanisms and make effective management decisions. What is new is that the author has determined directions for improving the financial and economic condition of the enterprise, thanks to the improvement of the process of processing information data and making corrections in the work of the functional elements of the management system.

АНАЛИЗ КАПИТАЛ ТЕРРИТОРИИ В ЧАСТИ СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННОГО МАШИНОСТРОЕНИЯ МОСКОВСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ

The paper analyzes the capital of the territory in terms of agricultural engineering in Moscow region and assesses the possibility of conducting financial and economic condition of machine-building enterprises producing products for agriculture using the standard methodology. The conducted analysis of the financial and economic activity of machine-building enterprises shows that the application of the same method to enterprises with the same OKVED and different operational/production cycle gives not quite a real/not comparable picture of the financial and economic activity of the enterprise. Also, the declared codes of OKVED of enterprises, in which they operate, do not correspond to the true state of their affairs.

Розвиток комп’ютеризованих інформаційних систем обліку й оподаткування в умовах глобалізації та цифровізації економічних відносин

The article is aimed at substantiating the influence of computerized information systems for accounting and taxation on the formation of high-quality information in the context of globalization and digitalization of economic relations. It is proved that the formation of the information society involves the subordination of economic growth to the qualitative parameters of social and economic development, since further progress will be determined not so much by the production of goods as by the expanded use of information. It is determined that information is a factor of globalization in the information society, so national strategies for economic development of countries of the world should be built on the specifics and main trends of globalization processes, on the grounds of the conception of sustainable development. It is substantiated that the digital economy consists of three main parts, namely: infrastructure development and support, e-business, and e-commerce. It is noted that for the effective functioning and development of each component of the digital economy, a precise accounting and taxation system is needed, which will provide high-quality, reliable and complete information for making managerial decisions. A list of the main directions of development of digital socioeconomic relations in the conditions of global cooperation is proposed. It is determined that the computerized information system of enterprise management is a set of economic-mathematical methods and models, technical, software, technological instruments and solutions, as well as the availability of specialists for information processing and managerial decision-making. The most popular in Ukraine are the integrated corporate information systems «Parus», «Galaxy», «BAS», SAP R/3 (SAP AG), etc., and the correct choice of the type of information system by an enterprise requires a classification of such systems according to the criterion of complexity of the functions and tasks performed at enterprise. It is proved that the use of computerized information systems in accounting and taxation leads to simplification of administration, ensures the preparation of reliable, understandable and comparable financial and management reporting, aligning internal relations between the departments of accounting, economic, control services and increasing the analytical value of information about the financial and economic activities of the enterprise as a whole and its individual important links in particular. Concerning the system of accounting and taxation, it is proposed to allocate several sections of information about the economic activity of the enterprise, which include accounting, analytical, forecast and management information. Each of these information blocks is sensitive to the influence of a certain group of factors, needs to have a number of problems solved, and has reserves to improve the organizational and quality level. The general algorithm of the automated process of accounting and taxation of any business operations through modeling is constructed. The considered problems of computerization of information systems of accounting and taxation and the proposed recommendations for their solution create a basis for continuing research in the direction of improving the methodology and organization of accounting and taxation of economic activity of enterprises in the context of globalization and digitalization of the economy.

ЕКОНОМІЧНИЙ БАЛАНС ВІДНОСНО ФІНАНСІВ, МЕНЕДЖМЕНТУ І АДАПТАЦІЇ ПІДПРИЄМСТВА

In a scientific publication an actual aspect is considered in relation to the scientific, methodical, applied side of financial and economic activity of enterprise in relation to such phenomenon as economic balance. It is marked, that category «economic balance» practically is not used in a scientific sphere and economic activity of enterprises of different industries of economy in accordance with her scientifically applied maintenance. The evaluation of the financial and economic state of enterprise, process of his adaptation and on the whole all control system by an enterprise (management of enterprise), take place for research of the state and dynamics of economic balance. Determination of category is in process given «economic balance» and it is indicated on a necessity to examine, to form and estimate economic balance not only on the whole on an enterprise but also in his different spheres. It is marked that economic balance needs to be classified on the sign of time on operating (real) economic balance and possible (perspective) economic balance and here to expose their essence. It is in process well proven that economic balance for any certain period of development of subject of ménage has his certain limits, namely overhead and lower (thus the special attention is needed by the lower limit of economic balance sheet). It is suggested in practical activity of enterprise to use the scale of level of economic balance. Reasonably, that dynamic property of economic balance (there is time history of his level) is basis of appearance and existence of such phenomenon and term as an economic balancing. The economic balancing «revives» economic balance and shows as economic balance will be realized in practical activity of enterprise. The economic balancing represents the process of efficiency of financial and economic activity of enterprise. It is well proven that economic balance and economic balancing come forward as an important instrument of process of adaptation of enterprise and on the whole general management on him.

СТРУКТУРА ВІДТВОРЕННЯ ІНТЕЛЕКТУАЛЬНОГО ПОТЕНЦІАЛУ ЛЮДИНИ: ІННОВАЦІЙНИЙ АСПЕКТ

The article proposes innovative approaches to the search for opportunities for the growth of human intellectual potential with a view to the effective implementation of innovations into the economic activities of enterprises. The structure of the reconstitution of the intellectual potential of a person has been formed in terms of directions, methods and indicators of reconstitution. The features of the development of the intellectual potential of a person by reconstitution of professionally important qualities in an extensive and intensive way are determined. It is argued that the intensive type of human reconstitution is an innovative approach related to the reconstitution of its intellectual potential. Such an approach to reconstituting the intellectual potential of a person will contribute to the organization of effective implementation of innovations in the economic activity of enterprises. It is substantiated that due to the reconstitution of the intellectual potential of a person, there is a revival of innovative development at all levels of the economic system. The expediency of choosing key competencies as indicators of an intensive type of reconstituting the intellectual potential of a person is substantiated. The article analyses a set of key human competencies, the main among which in terms of innovative development of the economic system are leadership, communication, creativity, and critical thinking. The acquisition of such competencies by a person, as an important component of the productive forces of the economic activity of an enterprise, gives it certain advantages. The article also offers a model of feedback between methods and indicators of innovative reconstitution of human intellectual potential. The model is based on the innovation paradigm of the 21st century. It proposes that the management of the enterprise has s choice within the framework of the innovative model in education among one of four areas: vocational and/or higher education; professional pre-higher education; adult education; advanced training based on the predictive quality of reconstituting the intellectual potential of a person. The feedback model makes it possible to evaluate the growth of the desired key competencies as a set of indicators for reconstituting the intellectual potential of a person and to make a rational choice of the method of innovative reconstitution. This will contribute to the effective use of human potential in order to actively involve it in the process of implementing the strategy of innovative development of the enterprise.

ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ МІНІМІЗАЦІЇ РІВНЯ ФІНАНСОВИХ РИЗИКІВ ЗА РАХУНОК ІМПЛЕМЕНТАЦІЇ ФІНАНСОВОГО КОНТРОЛІНГУ НА ПІДПРИЄМСТВІ

The article substantiates the relevance and significance of the implementation of financial controlling in the financial and economic activities of enterprises. The role of the implementation of financial controlling in improving the functioning of enterprises is presented. Financial controlling should be considered a highly effective tool for achieving minimization of the impact of financial risks on the processes of the company's functioning. The main functions of financial controlling are presented and the components of the financial controlling system at enterprises are characterized. Financial controlling should be noted as a highly effective coordinating system for ensuring relationships between the formation of an information base, financial analysis, financial planning and internal financial control at the enterprise. The expediency of forming hedging strategies in order to minimize financial risks in the process of the enterprise's management process is argued. One of the prospects for reducing the level of financial risks is the hedging process, which is characterized by the use of mechanisms to neutralize the risk of probable financial losses: both internal (which are carried out by the company independently) and external (based on the transfer of risks to other entities). The methods of minimizing financial risks, which are recommended to join financial controllers at the enterprise, are highlighted. Ways to avoid financial risks and the possibility of obtaining additional sources of profit formation of the enterprise are presented. The processes of neutralization of financial risks in the financial controlling system must be based on certain conditions, and it is worth emphasizing that the rejection of one financial risk does not generate the occurrence of another risk of a higher or equivalent level. The mechanism of financial controlling of the enterprise based on the minimization of financial risks is described. Financial controlling needs to focus on financial operations that are not typical for the financial activities of the enterprise and are of an innovative nature.

АНАЛІЗ МЕТОДІВ ТА ПІДХОДІВ ОЦІНКИ МАШИН І ОБЛАДНАННЯ НА КОНКУРЕНТОСПРОМОЖНІСТЬ В ІСТОРИЧНІЙ РЕТРОСПЕКТИВІ

Modern economics has developed a huge number of scientific methods and approaches to assess the efficiency and competitiveness of production and use of fixed assets. Machinery and equipment are not only the final product of consumption, but also a source for the production of new goods or services for profit. Based on this specificity of fixed assets, there are so many methodological approaches that sometimes duplicate each other, complement or simply are only a partial solution to the task assigned to them. Therefore, the analysis of the emergence of methods for assessing the competitiveness of machinery and equipment is relevant and of practical importance. The aim of the article is to analyze the evolution of methods of evaluating machines and equipment for competitiveness. The following scientific methods were used during the research: analysis and synthesis, deductive method, analogy method, modeling, system approach, abstraction method. The study found that a large number of scientific methods and approaches are used to determine the competitiveness of fixed assets. One of the first practical methods of evaluation was the use of indicators of general and comparative efficiency, which were an inefficient approach that did not provide an assessment of multifunctional methods. The solution to these problems was the development and application of differential, integral and mixed coefficients of competitiveness. But they are very difficult to use in a competitive environment. They have been replaced by costly, market-based and profitable approaches to assessing the competitiveness of equipment. In the current environment, it is difficult for them to gather information from ordinary producers, so they come to the aid of the proposed approach of M. Porter and other researchers who have developed his ideas through boundary analysis. Thus, scientific approaches and methods of assessing the competitiveness of technology have come a long way from determining the efficiency of equipment on the main indicator, integrated methods to the limit and institutional criteria. Each method has the right to life and practical use in economic activities of enterprises.

РОЗРОБКА ІНДИКАТОРІВ ДЛЯ ОЦІНКИ РІВНЯ РОЗВИТКУ МІСЬКИХ ТРАНСПОРТНИХ СИСТЕМ

Sustainable development of urban transport systems is an urgent task of the modern world. High population density and a significant number of industrial enterprises and enterprises in the service sector require not only ensuring the mobility of city residents and the economic activity of enterprises, but also the creation of comfortable living conditions with the preservation of ecology and natural parks in the urban landscape. Incorrect transport planning of the late 20th and early 21st centuries led to rapidly growing motorization and long traffic delays. The created concepts of the development of the transport infrastructure of large cities require constant measurement of the results of changes and correction if necessary. First of all, the work defines the concept of "city transport systems" and their classification. Social and non-social (quantitative, qualitative) indicators used to characterize urban transport systems are described. The main requirements for the urban monitoring system and its key structural elements are given. A monitoring system is proposed, in which the basic management goals related to infrastructural changes (Task 1), the attitudes of users of transport services (Task 2), as well as the impact on the economy (Task 3) and development costs (Task 4) are highlighted. 5 groups of indicators have been formed, which can be used to monitor the development of the city's transport systems: intensity, safety, accessibility, convenience and connectivity. Among the indicators, there are both indicators of objective assessment ("hard" indicators) and indicators of subjective assessment ("soft" indicators). The information base of the article consists of publications by prominent Ukrainian and foreign scientists, data from the Tom Tom transport analytics service, and the current legal framework of Ukraine, which regulates urban transport systems, and urban development strategies. The following methods of scientific research were used for the research: dialectical method, method of scientific abstraction, method of content analysis, method of analysis and synthesis, comparative method, method of generalization and graphic method.

КЛАСИФІКАЦІЯ ФАКТОРІВ РИЗИКУ, ЯКІ ВПЛИВАЮТЬ НА РЕЗУЛЬТАТИ ГОСПОДАРЮВАННЯ БІЗНЕС-СТРУКТУР

Small business entities assume all the risk associated with the planning, production and sale of a wide range of products. Therefore, risk becomes an integral companion of their activity and determines the need to develop and implement methods for assessing and forecasting the impact of risk factors on the results of production and economic activity of enterprises in order to ensure the efficiency of its functioning and further development. It is impossible to investigate the influence of all factors, since the modern management conditions of business structures are characterized by incomplete certainty and instability, therefore risk becomes an inseparable companion of their activity. Depending on the direction of influence, all risk factors are divided into external and internal. The former create external economic conditions independently of the enterprise and are not controlled by it, however, they influence the results of its activity and determine the need for adaptation to changes in the external environment. The factors of the internal environment are directly controlled by the enterprise itself. In addition, they depend on changes that occur in the external environment. The question of classifying risk factors in order to determine the degree of their influence on the performance of companies and to develop measures aimed at reducing negative consequences is gaining special relevance. Since it is impossible to assess the impact of all risk factors on business results, it is advisable to classify them according to the duration of the impact, the level of danger and the level of elimination of the negative impact. According to the duration of exposure, risk factors should be divided into factors of long-term, medium-term and short-term impact. According to the level of danger - on factors related to high, medium, low levels and safe factors. By level of liquidation – on macroeconomic, regional and microeconomic. The specified classifications should be the basis for evaluating and analyzing the impact of factors when forecasting possible business results, determining the probability of the impact of factors and changes in the specified impact over time.

ПРОБЛЕМИ УДОСКОНАЛЕННЯ ПРОЦЕСІВ АВТОМАТИЗАЦІЇ ФІНАНСОВОГО ПЛАНУВАННЯ НА ПІДПРИЄМСТВАХ

The article analyzes the impact of digitalization on the system of financial planning and budgeting of modern enter-prises, reveals the main reasons for the lack of high-quality financial planning among domestic economic entities. The ad-vantages and disadvantages of digitization processes in the financial and economic activities of enterprises, tasks and possi-bilities of automation of financial planning and budgeting processes are formulated. The essence, main characteristics and features of domestic and foreign software products used by business entities in budgeting and financial planning are ana-lyzed. The main stages of the automation process, as well as the problems of increasing the efficiency of the automation pro-cesses of financial planning and budgeting at domestic enterprises, are determined

БРЕНД РОБОТОДАВЦЯ У ФАРМАЦЕВТИЧНОМУ МЕНЕДЖМЕНТІ

The article describes the indicators of implementation of the employer's brand in the activities of domestic pharm enterprises, which are associated with the problem of improving the efficiency of the enterprise's economic activity. The main values underlying of the implementation and development of the employer's brand in a pharm company, which affect the efficiency of enterprises' economic activity, which allows management to take measures to build an effective management structure are investigated. Gaps in the importance of the criteria for choosing an employer, which predetermine the formation of the concept of the employer's brand in enterprises, which involves the implementation of fundamental changes in the functionality of departments with the simultaneous introduction of a service-oriented architecture as a strategic direction of enterprise development was analysed. The channels for checking the employer's reputation to improve the efficiency of economic activity of pharm enterprises are investigated, the results of the analysis indicate that their effective use can stimulate an increase in the competitiveness of the enterprise. The considered approach to the study of the concept of the employer's brand, as the basis for ensuring the effectiveness and improving the efficiency of economic activity of domestic pharm enterprises, can be regarded as one of the examples of finding alternative ways to solve the problem, which can later be used to create objective prerequisites and methodological basis for researching a systematic approach to the development of an enterprise strategy. Taking into account how enterprises will overcome the crises caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and the war in Ukraine and overcome their consequences, well-developed and effectively implemented staff development programs through the implementation of the employer brand concept will become an important tool for strengthening confidence in the future, achieving a high level of adaptability and gaining competitive advantages in personnel management.

METHODOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES OF SMARTIZATION: DETERMINATION OF PRIORITY DIRECTIONS

Innovation has always been the driving force of progress. Innovations allow the enterprise to apply the strategy of removing the cream, leaving behind competitors, improving its activities and, sometimes, the well- being of countries and the world as a whole. However, innovations have two disadvantages: a) high cost; b) a tiny part of them achieves commercial success. If you pay attention to the statistics, a small number of industrial enterprises are innovatively active: from 16 to 19% in recent years. At the same time, it should be noted that Ukrainian enterprises have so far failed to attract foreign investments to finance innovative activities. Every year, the results of innovative activity - the introduction into production of innovative types of products, names and specific weight of implemented innovative products - decrease. At the same time, the particular weight of enterprises that introduced innovations is unchanged: approximately 10-15% in the corridor. In recent years, the meaning has even come out of the hallway. This means that for 17 years, enterprises have continued to engage in innovations at almost the same level. Still, their vector has changed - towards introducing new technological processes, namely low-waste, resource-saving ones. The reality of Ukrainian industrial enterprises is that most of them are at the stage of maturity or decline, that is, at the stages when innovations require significant funds for their introduction. The smartization of the enterprise is an alternative to innovation. The process of smartization carried out at the enterprise is not isolated, and it acts as an integral part of the complex system of transformation of the enterprise. Ignoring the changes leads to missed benefits or direct losses in implementing smartization works. Smartization, in its essence, is close to reengineering: they are identical in terms of goals but differ in methods. Reengineering is a radical change of business processes to obtain rapid growth of the leading indicators of the enterprise's economic activity. Work on smartization does not start from the bottom (at the level of document flow and execution of single operations of the business process) but from above - at the macro level, when the enterprise is considered an operation in the supply chain of additional values. This allows us to identify and realize the principal reserves of the enterprise since, as a rule, more than 50% of the reserves for cost reduction and quality improvement lie outside the enterprise.

ОБЛІК ОСНОВНИХ ЗАСОБІВ ЗА ДОПОМОГОЮ ПРОГРАМНОГО ПРОДУКТУ BAS

Introduction. Digitization of society deeply penetrates all aspects of the enterprise's economic activity, including accounting. It is difficult to work with large data sets, in particular with accounting and reporting information in the part of accounting of fixed assets, without automating the game process. Today, when the most common accounting software product 1C left its place, other Ukrainian developers of the software market began to claim. At the same time, mastering new software requires a little skill on the part of its users, although everything new requires detailed study and appropriate settings during its use. Such a software product can be "BAS Accounting" (hereinafter - BAS) from the developer of Business automation software. Purpose. The purpose of the article is to provide practical recommendations on the accounting of operations with fixed assets in the BAS software product. Results. In the course of the conducted research, we came to the conclusion that the BAS software product allows you to automate all the components of fixed asset accounting (from initial accounting to the display of fixed assets in reporting). The above-mentioned software product makes it possible to adapt the proper accounting of the company's fixed assets, and therefore can be recommended for use by all business entities that have all types of company's fixed assets on the balance sheet. Developed recommendations for the display of individual operations in accounting with the company's fixed assets allow BAS software users to quickly master and apply in practice. Discussion. In further research, it is proposed to focus attention on the documentation of operations with the company's fixed assets, namely to develop standard forms for some operations with such accounting objects.

Modeling the influence of enterprise efficiency on business value assessment

The article presents a model of the impact of assessing the effectiveness of the enterprise on business value and building a forecast of the company. The subject of the research is a set of theoretical and methodological principles and applied aspects of modeling the process of business evaluation and efficiency of economic activity of enterprises. The aim of the work is to substantiate the model of the impact of enterprise efficiency on business value. Methodological basis of the article. A set of general scientific and applied research methods was used to achieve the goal and solve the tasks set in the research: method of analysis and synthesis, system analysis, modeling, expert evaluation, questionnaires, surveys, analytical planning and forecasting methods, rating method, complex weight estimation method based on fuzzy sets, economic-mathematical, statistical methods. Results of work. The structural and logical model of business evaluation and efficiency of the enterprise activity is developed; the economic-mathematical model of influence of efficiency of activity of the enterprise on cost of its business is presented, algorithms of an estimation are improved: efficiency of activity of the enterprise on the basis of an integrated indicator and cost of business on the basis of the generalized indicator of cost. An example of application of evaluation models to the activity of a dairy enterprise is considered, strategies and development plan are substantiated in the context of increasing the efficiency of the enterprise and the value of its business. Field of application of results. The theoretical provisions presented in the article made it possible to form proposals of scientific and practical nature for modeling the impact on business valuation of the efficiency of economic activity of the dairy industry, in the process of strategic planning. Conclusions. The impact of enterprise efficiency on business value is confirmed not only in the course of practical production activities, but also in the process of drawing up strategic business development plans. Therefore, the assessment and modeling of the relationship between these factors allows better forecasting and planning of business processes, optimize the decision-making algorithm to improve economic activity, increase efficiency and increase business value.

Competitive advantages of robotic enterprises in performing foreign economic activity

Relevance of the research topic. Based on the appropriate challenges of scientific and technological progress, there is a need to draw attention not only to the competitive advantages of automated and robotic enterprises over purely automated, but also to the inevitability of rapid replacement of human and robot personnel as specialists capable of solving complex specialized problems and complex practical problems characterized by uncertainty of socio-economic conditions in the field of industrial production at the international level. Formulation of the problem. There is a clear lack of understanding of the inevitability of the gradual replacement of human professions by artificial-intellectual-robotic and catastrophic unpreparedness for these changes in the field of management in general. Analysis of recent research and publications. More than 100 years ago, many scientists devoted their research to robotics. Among the latter are the scientific works of N. Morse, L. Varchenko-Trotsenko, O. Garkavenko, A. Vashkevich, T. Katkova, Y. Zhukov, etc., but there is no research on the management of robot personnel in the field of foreign economic activity. Selection of unexplored parts of the general problem. All components of the management of organizations and the management of foreign economic activity of enterprises are completely unexplored in the set of unresolved issues of management of robot-personnel with artificial intelligence, which in the very near future will almost completely replace human-personnel. Problem statement, research goals. Substantiation of the role of the updated management of organizations and management of foreign economic activity of enterprises in the management of robot personnel, as an inevitable subject of economic relations. Methodology of the study. Complex of scientific abstraction, theoretical comparative analysis and synthesis of own innovative ideas. Presentation of the main material (results of work). The competitive advantages of automated-robotic enterprises over purely automated ones in carrying out foreign economic activity are shown. Attention is drawn to the inevitability of replacing several dozen professions with human labor and human intelligence with robotic work with artificial intelligence. In the context of this study, we are talking about the management of foreign economic activity of enterprises to ensure their sustainable competitiveness in the global labor market in the field of management of foreign economic organizations at national and international levels through the generation of new knowledge and innovative ideas. Field of application of results. Training of applicants in the specialty 073 "Management" with medium and long-term strategic vision. Conclusions in accordance with the article. Understanding the inevitable rapid replacement of human resources by robot personnel is the key to ensuring the stability and competitiveness of all industries and services in world markets. It is proposed to draw not only the attention of the scientific community to robotics based on artificial intelligence, but also to invest in further research to develop new strategies for training management (educational process from kindergarten to graduation) and accompanying educational and methodological support - especially in the field of foreign economic activity.

MODERNIZATION OF PRODUCTION AND ECONOMIC ACTIVITY OF ENTERPRISES AND FARMS OF THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR IN CONDITIONS OF INSTITUTIONAL TRANSFERS

Abstract. The article highlights the relevance of the modernization of production and economic activity of enterprises and farms of the agricultural sector in the context of institutional transformations. The analysis of modernization studies by fundamental and applied economic science is carried out, the problem statement is made.The results of researches of agrarian economic science on the main directions of modernization of production and economic activity of agricultural enterprises and farms are given.
 The generalization about belonging of modernization to economic categories has been made, which reflects the general properties of real reality and serves as a natural mechanism of its upward development due to the improvement of the man of production and economic activity, provides economic progress and improvement of the level and quality of life of the population. Institutional changes have been identified, as evidenced by an overall increase in the number of agricultural enterprises, a decrease in farms and annual fluctuations in the number of agricultural entities.
 It is established that in agriculture, agricultural enterprises and farms are focused on the production of grain and legumes, sunflower and sugar beet, while households are mainly engaged in growing potatoes, vegetables, fruits and berries. In animal husbandry, agricultural enterprises have a certain advantage in the production of meat (in slaughter weight) and eggs, and households dominate dairy cattle, sheep and beekeeping.The importance of each category of farms in the agrarian sector of the economy in the production of basic agricultural products is determined.
 The arguments about the need for modernization of production and economic activity of agricultural enterprises and farms are presented.The complex of measures of modernization of production and economic activity of the studied subjects is substantiated, economic individualization of which is combined with processes of cooperation and agro-industrial integration in clusters of integrated territorial communities of rural areas.
 Keywords: modernization, production and economic activity, enterprise, farm, institutional transformations.
 JEL Classification Q12, Q14,Q18
 Formulas: 0; fig.: 0; tabl.:2; bibl.: 12.

WASTE MANAGEMENT AND PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF CIRCULAR ECONOMY TECHNOLOGIES

Abstract. In the context of the transition from a linear model of the economy to circular issues of waste management and prospects for the development of circular economy, technologies are relevant and require further study.
 The article explores the necessity and advantages of introducing a circular economy model for further efficient development of the national economy. The trend in the volume of education and waste management in the territory of Ukraine for the period 2010—2019 was analyzed. The negative trends in the growth of generated waste over the study period by 4,49 % and the decrease in waste disposal by 25,86 % have been identified. An analysis was made of the development of the volumes of waste generation according to hazard classes in the territory of Ukraine for the period 2010—2019. which led to the conclusion that there was a positive trend of 2.51 times less generation of such wastes. The trend in waste generation by type of economic activity of enterprises and in households for the period 2010—2019 was analyzed. The most significant increase in waste generation by 12,41% was found in the mining industry and quarrying.
 The trend in environmental protection expenditure in Ukraine by type of economic activity for the period 2010—2019 was analyzed. This has made it possible to identify the most cost-effective economic activities. A classification of technologies of circular economy is proposed, which distinguishes technologies aimed at recycling already accumulated industrial and household waste, technologies aimed at reducing the toxic load on the environment, and eco-design technologies. Based on the situation of waste management prevailing in the territory of Ukraine, it is proposed that priority be given to the development and introduction of technology aimed at the recycling of already accumulated industrial and household waste.
 Keywords: waste management,linear economy, circular economy, waste-free technologies, state, development, prospects.
 JEL Classіfіcatіon Q32, Q51
 Formulas: 0; fig.: 0; tabl.: 6; bibl.: 28.

ОЦІНЮВАННЯ ІНВЕСТИЦІЙНИХ РИЗИКІВ ПРОМИСЛОВОГО ПІДПРИЄМСТВА

Анотація. Метою статті є дослідження особливостей інвестиційних ризиків і визначення відповідних методів щодо їх оцінювання у процесі господарської діяльності підприємстві. Сформовано науково-практичний підхід щодо економіко-математичного моделювання на основі мінімізації ризику інвестиційного портфеля задля ухвалення ефективних управлінських рішень. Сучасні методи управління економікою значною мірою спираються на застосуванні економіко-математичних методів, а саме моделювання. Процес інвестування пов’язаний із ризиками. Нестабільність у розвитку сучасної економіки призводить до похибок при ухваленні рішень щодо управління промисловим підприємством. Перш за все, це пов’язано з розподілом фінансових коштів, які зберігаються на балансі підприємств. У підсумку це призведе до наявності фінансового ризику при розподілі фінансів. Наукові доробки зумовлюють актуальність і необхідність подальшого дослідження питання щодо особливостей інвестування для підприємств із відповідним оцінюванням ризику. Формально представлена постановка завдання і послідовне її вирішення шляхом реалізації відповідного алгоритму задля коригування його вартості.. Запропоновано постановку і вирішення завдань формування фінансового портфеля на основі мінімізації фінансового ризику і відповідних втрат, що дозволяє ефективно розподілити фінансові кошти промислового підприємства. Доведено, що для збереження стабільної структури портфеля доцільно мінімізувати дисперсію за обмежень, які накладені на величину інвестицій і ставку прибутковості. Аналіз отриманих результатів економіко-математичного моделювання на основі статичних даних щодо діяльності промислового підприємства ПАТ «Запоріжсталь» підтвердив дієвість запропонованого підходу, що дозволило скоригувати вартість портфеля в бік його зменшення. Доведено, що прибутковість портфеля не може бути більшою від прибутковості самого дохідного цінного папера (акції), що входить у портфель; завжди варто обирати між збільшенням прибутковості і зменшенням ризику. Ключові слова: ризик, інвестиції, портфель, модель, підприємство, прибутковість. Формул: 25; рис.: 1; табл.: 2; бібл.: 17.