Ecological Production Research Articles

Influence of Abiotic and Biotic Factors on Soil Microbial Biomass in Robinia pseudoacacia Plantations in the Loess Hilly Region

The ecological productivity of the Robinia pseudoacacia L. (RP) widely cultivated on the Loess hilly region has been widely questioned with its aging. Soil microbial biomass (SMB) plays a key role in soil nutrient dynamics and productivity of the ecosystems. Understanding the main ecological drivers of SMB is supposed to be of importance for ecosystem functioning of RP in the Loess hilly region. In this study, we identified the most influential factors affecting SMB at 2 layers (0–10 cm and 10–30 cm) using forward selection in terms of plant characteristics (forest age, tree height, diameter at breast height, tree canopy, crown base height, herb height, herb number, herb coverage, herb ground diameter and herb diversity), soil physiochemical characteristics (soil bulk density, pH, water content, soil organ carbon, soil total and available nutrient content) and topographical properties (elevation, aspect and slope). We also analyzed individual and interactive effects (plant–soil, plant–topography, soil–topography, plant–soil–topography) using general linear model (GLM) analysis. Among all plant variables, tree canopy and understory richness had the greatest impact on SMB. The soil variables with the greatest impact on SMB were bulk density and available phosphorus. Elevation was the most important topographic factor affecting SMB. When we considered the interactive effects among plant, soil physicochemical and topographical variables on SMB, a significant interaction effect occurred at a depth of 10–30 cm soil layer. We concluded that individual effects of abiotic and biotic factors significantly affect SMB at 0–10 cm, while the interaction of these factors mainly played roles at 10–30 cm. These results provide a basis for maintaining soil health and productivity using efficient SMB by providing suitable abiotic and biotic habitats.

Os hábitos de consumo sustentável e a consciência ambiental influenciam a intenção de compra de produtos ecológicos? Um estudo com professores de instituições públicas piauienses

Este estudo analisa a influência dos hábitos de consumo sustentável e da consciência ambiental na intenção de compra de produtos ecológicos. Trata-se de uma pesquisa do tipo survey, desenvolvida com 299 professores que atuam na rede pública de ensino no cerrado piauiense. Na análise dados, foram aplicadas técnicas de análise descritiva, análise fatorial exploratória e regressão linear múltipla. Os resultados indicam que a intenção de compra de produtos ecológicos é influenciada pelos hábitos de consumo sustentável e pela consciência ambiental, de forma específica, pelas variáveis “produtos saudáveis” e “limite de crescimento”, indicando que os indivíduos que atribuem maior importância ao consumo de produtos saudáveis e se preocupam com os limites de produção, consumo e crescimento tendem a ter maior intenção de compra de produtos ecológicos. Ainda, verificou-se que as variáveis gênero, faixa etária, filho(s) e renda apresentaram efeito sobre a intenção de compra de produtos ecológicos. A pesquisa contribui para o campo do desenvolvimento sustentável à medida em que fomenta a discussão sobre atitudes e comportamentos sustentáveis de professores, profissionais-chave no processo de desenvolvimento de práticas de educação ambiental nos espaços escolares, contribuindo para a formação crítica e social de estudantes, com foco na sustentabilidade. Assim, este estudo ajuda a ampliar o debate acadêmico sobre o assunto em questão, motivando os pesquisadores a investigar outras questões relacionadas à sustentabilidade no contexto educacional.

The Municipal Solid Waste Management System with Anaerobic Digestion

This study investigated the applied methods for the collection and treatment of an organic fraction of municipal solid waste with anaerobic digestion (AD), including the effects of selective waste collection system introduction. As the research area, data from a waste treatment plant, which collects waste from about 260,000 inhabitants, was used as the selected waste management plan. Biowaste stream management was emphasized. Thus, research on energy recovery and the characteristics of digestate (nutrient and heavy metals content) obtained from biowaste AD was performed. The results of the studies and their quantitative data were interpreted. A significant discrepancy between the assumptions and the actual situation was revealed (up to 20% year-on-year regarding biowaste). An underestimation of the amount of waste when planning was noted. AD ensures energy recovery from biowaste, which can cover facility electricity needs and material recovery. The digestate might find agricultural usage and become an ecological product. The content of nitrogen (1.5%dry matter), phosphorus (0.55%dry matter), potassium (1.0%dry matter), and organic carbon (16.0%dry matter) indicate a positive impact on crops. Furthermore, it can improve the economic balance, by replacing costs with sales revenues.

Contemporary Environmental Policy of Russia and China in the Context of the General Theory of Interaction Between Nature and Society

The interaction of man, society with nature has always been one of the most complex and contradictory topics in various fields of scientific knowledge. This interaction was constantly transformed, but one feature has always remained unchanged – human life directly depends on the state of nature. The ecological situation that has developed at present, despite its constant updating at the international, federal and regional levels, continues to remain unresolved, the threat to human life continues to grow. In this regard, the scientific substantiation of the creation of effective mechanisms and technologies of environmental policy that will contribute to overcoming the environmental crisis becomes urgent. The authors define the main goal of the study as identifying the features and effective mechanisms of modern environmental policy of Russia and China at the social, technological, natural levels of interaction between nature and society. The methodological basis of the research includes: a general theory of interaction between nature and society, which allows us to analyze the main directions and mechanisms of overcoming the ecological crisis at the social, technological, natural levels of interaction between nature and society; a comparative historical approach, which allowed us to consider the dynamics and features of the development of environmental policy in Russia and China; a systematic approach that contributed to a comprehensive analysis of the features of environmental policy, taking into account the socio-economic, political factors of the development of countries. This article highlights the main directions, stages, effective mechanisms of modern environmental policy in Russia and China at the social, technological, natural levels of interaction between nature and society. We concluded that the effective mechanisms of environmental policy are those that are associated with changes at the technological level of interaction between nature and society, associated with green and ecological production, measures taken at the level of plagenous processes remain ineffective. The research materials can be applied to study and identify ways to overcome the ecological crisis, the features of modern modernization processes in Russia and China. Keywords: Russia, China, general theory of interaction between nature and society, technological level of interaction between nature and society, ecological production, gene processes, plagenous processes

Ecological agriculture of Chinese materia medica:update and future perspectives

This study steps through four key principles, four open problems and future perspectives of Chinese materia medica(CMM) ecological agriculture by presenting the historical development, existing theories and practice outcomes. Then, it focuses on refining the main principles of CMM ecological agriculture:(1)the principles of ecological niche associated with yield and comprehensive income;(2)principles of biological diversity associated with the integrated control of diseases, pests and weeds;(3)principles of adversity effects associated with the quality improvement of CMM;(4)principles of structural stability associated with the sustainable development of CMM ecological agriculture. On this basis, four burning issues of CMM ecological agriculture were obtained,(1)ecological planting mode and supporting technologies need to be perfect;(2)multi-integrated industrial coupling remains to strengthen;(3) quality assurance system of CMM ecological agriculture and high-quality and favorable price model remains to be formed;(4)awareness of the demonstration and extension of CMM ecological agriculture needs to be desired. Finally, suggestions for the sustainable development of CMM ecological agriculture are put forward:(1)strengthen the national planning and layout, develop CMM ecological agriculture accor-ding to local conditions;(2)pay equal attention to inheritance and innovation, and strengthen the theory and practical technology research of CMM ecological agriculture;(3)strengthen industrial coupling and realize the transformation of CMM ecological agriculture from a production-based to a multi-in-one compound model;(4)intensify standards and brands, building a quality assurance system for CMM ecological products;(5) publicize the demonstration and popularization of CMM ecological agriculture. In summary, the development of CMM ecological agriculture possessed a firmer theory and practice foundation, although there is still much room for improvement. A better field of Chinese medicine agricultural development with immense economic and social benefits will not a question of "if" but "when" by accurately grasp the way forward.

Identifying marine ecological production units in Vietnam

Abstract Ecosystem-based management is generally viewed as one of the most promising avenues for addressing the various anthropogenic pressures facing the world’s marine ecosystems. These approaches have been developed to varying degrees by individual countries or international organisations, but there remain a large proportion of marine ecosystems, particularly in developing regions, that have not yet been the subject of such research. In these areas, lack of effective regulation and the often high importance of the marine environment in providing food and economic opportunities, together create conditions where marine resources and habitats come under unsustainable levels of pressure. Here, we present a data-limited assessment approach to discern marine ecological patterns, in this case for the exclusive economic zone of Vietnam. By combining data from environmental and biological surveys from the Vietnamese national survey dataset and local oceanographic models, we have identified a series of 12 candidate ecological production units, delineated by their environmental characteristics, and the key commercial species that exist within them. These units are suggested as a possible foundation for a spatial management structure in the Vietnamese exclusive economic zone including considerations such as placement of marine protected areas, or ecological boundaries of key areas of socio-economic importance.

Damage or Recovery? Assessing Ecological Land Change and its Driving Factors: A Case of the Yangtze River Economic Belt, China

Ecological land can provide people with ecological products and ecological services; and it plays an important role in maintaining the health and safety of the ecosystem. With China's rapid urbanization development, ecological land has been invaded in large quantities, and damaged seriously, even resulting in loses of its ecological function. Based on land use data from 1995 to 2015, our study explores the spatial and temporal evolution of the damage or recovery of ecological land in the Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB). Two spatial models, geographic detector and geographic weighted regression (GWR), were employed to assess the global effects and the local effects of the driving factors for ecological land change, respectively. Our study divided the ecological land change into five types based on the degree of change as severe damage, slight damage, unchanged, slight recovery, and obvious recovery. The results show that from 1995 to 2015, the total area of ecological land in the YREB increased initially and then decreased, but the overall trend was decreasing. The total damaged area was larger than the recovered area. Arable land and woodland both showed downward trends. In terms of ecological land change over the past 20 years, the type of unchanged had the largest area, followed by slight damage and slight recovery. Our study further revealed that ecological land change was the net result of the interaction of many factors, and the explanatory power between any two driving factors was greater than that of any individual driving factor. In addition, driving factors have different impacts on ecological land change in different geographical locations. This knowledge should help land managers and policymakers to be better informed when developing pertinent land use policies at the regional and local levels. The lessons can also be extended to other regions for better management of their ecological land for sustainable use.

Is It Necessary to Centralize Power in the CEO to Ensure Environmental Innovation?

Using data from a sample of 4863 international firms corresponding to the period 2002–2017, this paper examines the role that chief executive officer (CEO) power plays in environmental innovation and the impact that these strategies have on financial performance. Both issues have been the subject of considerable debate in the literature, with opposite views and contradictory findings. The results indicate that investing in environmental innovations related to the use of clean technologies, ecological production processes, and the design, manufacture and commercialization of environmentally sustainable products requires that CEOs have a greater degree of power in order to support projects that do not entail a higher return in the short and medium terms. Additionally, the results show that the negative economic effect of eco-innovation reverses in the fourth and fifth years after environmental innovations were implemented. Thus, this study supports the view regarding a “bright side” of CEO power with regard to corporate sustainability.

Determination of Drying Characteristics, Energy Consumption and Quality Values of Black Mulberry Fruit (Morus nigra L.) Dried Under Different Conditions

There are about 68 types of mulberry fruit with a wide ecological production area. Different mulberry species are grown in large fields in Turkey. Mulberries are largely dried-consumed, but sometimes they are used as fruit juice. In this study, black mulberry fruit was collected in two different ripening levels (semi-ripe and full-ripe) and oven-dried at 50, 60 and 70°C drying temperatures. Initial moisture contents of semi-ripe and full-ripe fruits were determined as 86.74% and 82.95%, respectively. Fruits were dried to have final moisture levels of 10-15%. Drying duration, drying models, effective diffusion, activation energy, specific energy consumption, color parameters and chemical properties of dried fruits were examined and the effect of ripening levels and drying temperatures were investigated. In terms of drying duration, while full-ripe fruits dried in a shorter time, effective diffusion, activation energy and specific energy consumption values were found to be higher than semi-ripe fruits. In terms of color parameters, semi-ripe fruits are recommended to be dried at 50 or 60°C drying temperatures and full-ripe fruits should be dried at 50°C drying temperature for better preservation of color parameters. On the other hand, a common proper drying temperature could not be identified for acidity (pH), water soluble dry matter and titratable acidity.

Eco-efficiency and effectiveness evaluation toward sustainable urban development in China: a super-efficiency SBM\u2013DEA with undesirable outputs

Eco-efficiency, especially the total-factor eco-efficiency, measured by DEA models considering undesirable outputs, has been a popular instrument to evaluate sustainable development in recent years. However, sustainable development pursues not only high eco-efficiency which ensures that the utilization of natural resource and environment is in a sustainable way, but also good effectiveness which ensures that the development is in the right direction. In this paper, firstly, the efficiency of sustainable urban development is measured, i.e., measuring the eco-efficiency of 35 major cities in China during the period of 2011–2015 based on a super-efficiency SBM–DEA model with undesirable outputs and the Malmquist–Luenberger index is used to explore the dynamic change of eco-efficiency. Secondly, the effectiveness of urban development is measured by overall well-being including urban HDI and life satisfaction. Thirdly, a comprehensive analysis based on efficiency and effectiveness is conducted to evaluate sustainable urban development. The results indicate that: (1) the overall efficiency of 35 major cities in China as a whole is at a low level during the 12th five-year plan period, and the improvement of total-factor ecological productivity is mainly enhanced by technological progress. (2) With regarding to the effectiveness of urban development, Hangzhou, Jinan, Ningbo, Xiamen and Qingdao rank top five, while the cities with a high level of urban HDI like Guangzhou, Changsha and Beijing only rank in the middle due to a relatively low level of life satisfaction. (3) Based on efficiency and effectiveness, most of the cities perform with a low-level efficiency or poor effectiveness, only four cities including Qingdao, Changchun, Ningbo and Tianjin perform with a relatively high efficiency and good effectiveness. Finally, some implications and policy suggestions are proposed based on the above findings.

Effects of Seed Microbial Inoculant on Growth, Yield, and Nutrition of Durum Wheat (Triticum Durum L.)

ABSTRACT Fertile soils available for agriculture are gradually diminishing due to climate change, soil deterioration, the use of wrong chemicals, and restraints from urban developments. In the near future, micro-organisms that promote plant growth are foreseen to replace chemicals in agricultural and environmental clean-up strategies. The present study was conducted to determine whether the effect of microbial seed coating product containing Trichoderma spp, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium, and Mychorrhiza microorganism on the growth, yield and seed nutrient content in durum wheat. The experiment was carried out in the field, in soil of the southeastern Anatolia region of Turkey, during 2015 and 2016 growing seasons. Four (0, 4, 8 and 12 ml kg−1 seeds) doses of the microbial seed coating product were used as seed inoculants. The seeds inoculated with microorganism increased all characters examined in the study (except Ca and Cu). Low (4 and 8 ml kg−1 seeds) doses of this microbial seed inoculant were suitable to increase yield and yield components in wheat. However, it was appropriate to use a higher (12 ml kg−1 seeds) dose to increase the seed nutrient content. As a result, the microorganism containing Trichoderma spp, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium, and Mychorrhiza appears to increase the yield, quality, and seed nutrient content in wheat. Studies on the use of such beneficial microorganisms are necessary for a sustainable and ecological agricultural wheat production.

Does removal of value added tax on fruit and vegetables increase sale – case of a Danish retailer

ABSTRACT Pricing strategies are considered to be one of the important options in changing consumer food behaviour. As a result, there is a growing interest in studying the effects of interventions that promotes the healthy choice through price interventions. This paper aims to examine the effect of a pricing intervention on fruit & vegetables (F&V) in supermarkets. The intervention consisted of a removal of the 20% VAT Data on F&V sale and retailer – revenue was collected pre- and post-intervention in all chain-supermarkets. Users of ecological and conventional fruit and vegetables constituting our intervention group and the control group is users of ecological and conventional dairy products. We found a beneficial impact of the intervention on the sale and revenue related to fruit and vegetable products. The revenue and sale of fruit and vegetables increased by 354 952.60 DKK (24.92%) and 65 065.16 units (32.92%) respectively. Results suggest a beneficial impact on the sale and revenue related to fruit and vegetable products. Results show that the subsidy also had unintended impacts on the sale and revenue related to non-intervention products. That included adverse impact of the subsidy on unsubsidized healthy complementary products.

The Impact of Ecological Knowledge on Young Consumers’ Attitudes and Behaviours towards the Food Market

The subject literature around the world puts a strong emphasis on the discrepancy between the positive attitude towards the idea of sustainability and consumer behaviour. These issues are the subject matter of this paper, which aims at both the identification and evaluation of selected aspects of knowledge, attitudes and eco-friendly behaviour of consumers connected with their choice of foods. The authors made an attempt of answering the question, to what extent do the level of knowledge and the declared eco-friendly attitudes have an impact on specific purchasing decisions. In the empirical observations, the conceptual model of the effects of the environment (knowledge, attitude, behaviour) on the customers’ ecological awareness was used. The analysis conducted on the basis of this model indicated that stimulating the demand for ecological products is implemented mainly by the processes of raising awareness, which leads to expanding the consumers’ knowledge concerning ecological farming and eco-friendly foods. In such a way the consumer awareness is built, especially by educational campaigns and promoting/endorsing the ecological foods targeted at young consumers.

SPECIES-DEPENDENT 5’-HYDROXYMETHYLFURFURAL FORMATION IN SLOWLY DRIED FRUITS

The aim of the work was to determine 5-hydoxymethylfurfural (HMF) content in fruit samples dried by slow convective method. Additionally, the nutritional value, mineral composition and antioxidant activity were investigated as parameters confirming the quality of the product. Seven different kinds of dried fruits certified as ecological products (apricot, gooseberry, cherry, cornel, blackcurrant, plum and apple) were tested. Analysis covered: reducing sugars, protein content, moisture content, energy value, antioxidant activity, total phenolics content, mineral composition and HMF content (chromatographic and spectrophotometric method). Samples were abundant in reducing sugars (25-51% of dry weight), protein (1.0-5.4%), minerals (Ca, K, Fe, Mg) and were heavy metals-free. The strongest antioxidant activity for blackcurrant and the weakest for dried apple were observed. The highest average content of HMF was found in blackcurrant fruits (3102.2 mg/kg), while the lowest in apple (75.6 mg/kg). Results obtained by Winkler’s and HPLC methods were strongly correlated (r = 0.976). It was found that applied slow convective drying method provide to obtain dried fruits rich in health-promoting properties and HMF quantified in examined fruits was found on the safety level for recommended daily consumption.

Measurement and prediction of land use conflict in an opencast mining area

Opencast coal mining can result in a large-scale land destruction. Due to the diversity of land use and the complexity of land use structure, there are severe conflicts in the production-living-ecology space in large-scale opencast coal mine areas, resulting in various degrees of impacts on land use, human settlements and ecological stability of the mining area. However, relevant research on land use conflicts considering production-living-ecology space in large-scale opencast coal mine area is insufficient, especially in terms of predicting these conflicts. In this study, based on the concept of production-living-ecology space, the CLUE-S model and Markov model were used to measure the current level of land use conflict in Pingshuo opencast coal mining area in Shanxi Province of China. Moreover, land use conditions were simulated in Pingshuo mining area, and the potential land use conflicts in the future were predicted. Based on the prediction in the natural development mode of land use conflict in Pingshuo mining area in 2025, the causes and mitigation measures of land use conflicts were discussed. The level of land use conflict was mild out of control in 2015, most of the values were still within the controllable range. The level of land use conflicts would increase significantly from 2015 to 2025. In the mild out-of-control zone, the dominant land use type would be transformed from ecological production space, living space and industrial production space in 2015 to ecological space in 2025. In the severe out of control zone, conflicts in living space would have a significant increase. In order to mitigate land use conflict, optimization of “production-living-ecology” space planning, village relocation and rural revitalization, and land reclamation measures were proposed. This research has important theoretical and practical significance for enriching the relevant theories of land use conflicts and improving the efficiency of land management in mining areas.

Multiphysics Modeling and Numerical Simulation in Computer-Aided Manufacturing Processes

The concept of Industry 4.0 is defined as a common term for technology and the concept of new digital tools to optimize the manufacturing process. Within this framework of modular smart factories, cyber-physical systems monitor physical processes creating a virtual copy of the physical world and making decentralized decisions. This article presents a review of the literature on virtual methods of computer-aided manufacturing processes. Numerical modeling is used to predict stress and temperature distribution, springback, material flow, and prediction of phase transformations, as well as for determining forming forces and the locations of potential wrinkling and cracking. The scope of the review has been limited to the last ten years, with an emphasis on the current state of knowledge. Intelligent production driven by the concept of Industry 4.0 and the demand for high-quality equipment in the aerospace and automotive industries forces the development of manufacturing techniques to progress towards intelligent manufacturing and ecological production. Multi-scale approaches that tend to move from macro- to micro- parameters become very important in numerical optimization programs. The software requirements for optimizing a fully coupled thermo-mechanical microstructure then increase rapidly. The highly advanced simulation programs based on our knowledge of physical and mechanical phenomena occurring in non-homogeneous materials allow a significant acceleration of the introduction of new products and the optimization of existing processes.

Mapping the Green Product-Space in Mexico: From Capabilities to Green Opportunities

The aim of this paper is to examine the current and potential capability to promote the green economy in Mexico, simultaneously detecting new opportunities for diversification and “green” productive sophistication so that Mexican entities can move toward environmentally friendly ecological products. For this, we adopted a novel methodology to measure the productive capabilities of the green economy in Mexico, thereby discovering the green product space at a subnational scale. Economic complexity methods were used to estimate the Green Complexity Index (GCI) and the Green Complexity Potential (GCP) for 32 Mexican regions considering a time series from 2004 to 2018 and a set of data on international trade in ecological products. The main findings are reflected in a grid of the Green Adjacent Possible (GAP) and a heatmap that shows the “grasslands” (current green products by state). The results are likely to influence industrial policy and state innovation agendas. A limitation of this work is that it is based only on data from the formal, industrial, and regulated economy. The originality lies in the fact that there were no previous studies in the context analyzed, and the fecundity of the research reflects the need to expand the study with a focus on green business models.

Ecological and Environmental Effects of Estuarine Wetland Loss Using Keyhole and Landsat Data in Liao River Delta, China

An estuarine wetland is an area of high ecological productivity and biodiversity, and it is also an anthropic activity hotspot area, which is of concern. The wetlands in estuarine areas have suffered declines, which have had remarkable ecological impacts. The land use changes, especially wetland loss, were studied based on Keyhole and Landsat images in the Liao River delta from 1962 to 2016. The dynamics of the ecosystem service values (ESVs), suitable habitat for birds, and soil heavy metal potential ecological risk were chosen to estimate the ecological effects with the benefit transfer method, synthetic overlaying method, and potential ecological risk index (RI) method, respectively. The driving factors of land use change and ecological effects were analyzed with redundancy analysis (RDA). The results showed that the built-up area increased from 95.98 km2 in 1962 to 591.49 km2 in 2016, and this large change was followed by changes in paddy fields (1351.30 to 1522.39 km2) and dry farmland (189.5 to 294.14 km2). The area of wetlands declined from 1823.16 km2 in 1962 to 1153.52 km2 in 2016, and this change was followed by a decrease in the water area (546.2 to 428.96 km2). The land use change was characterized by increasing built-up (516.25%), paddy fields (12.66%) and dry farmland (55.22%) areas and a decline in the wetland (36.73%) and water areas (21.47%) from 1962–2016. Wetlands decreased by 669.64 km2. The ESV values declined from 6.24 billion US$ to 4.46 billion US$ from 1962 to 2016, which means the ESVs were reduced by 19.26% due to wetlands being cultivated and the urbanization process. The area of suitable habitat for birds decreased by 1449.49 km2, or 61.42% of the total area available in 1962. Cd was the primary soil heavy metal pollutant based on its concentration, accumulation, and potential ecological risk contribution. The RDA showed that the driving factors of comprehensive ecological effects include wetland area, Cd and Cr concentration, river and oil well distributions. This study provides a comprehensive approach for estuarine wetland cultivation and scientific support for wetland conservation.

ФІНАНСОВА ПОЛІТИКА СТИМУЛЮВАННЯ ІННОВАЦІЙНОГО РОЗВИТКУ АГРАРНОГО СЕКТОРУ І МЕХАНІЗМ ЇЇ РЕАЛІЗАЦІЇ: ЗАРУБІЖНИЙ ДОСВІД

Анотація. Розглянуто фінансову політику зарубіжних країн в аграрному секторі та її вплив на стимулювання інноваційної діяльності. Систематизовано найбільш розповсюджені податкові важелі стимулювання інноваційного розвитку аграрного сектору. Проаналізовано фінансову політику ЄС, яка реалізує стратегію інноваційного розвитку аграрного сектору шляхом створення попиту на дослідження та інновації і формування конкурентного середовища, а податкові пільги надаються не науковим організаціям, а підприємствам та інвесторам. Розглянуто особливості Рамкових програм, які складаються з ряду цільових програм і направлені на стимулювання інноваційної діяльності шляхом фінансування з бюджету ЄС. Зазначено, що для впровадження інновацій підприємства і фермерські господарства можуть скористатися фінансовою підтримкою, використовуючи національні чи Європейського Союзу програми підтримки інноваційного розвитку. Сучасні тенденції у фінансовій підтримці аграрного сектору зазнають певних змін, акцент робиться на опосередкованій підтримці, забезпеченні гарантованого мінімального доходу фермерського господарства, фінансуванні трансферу технологій. Розглянуто особливості сучасного підходу до застосування інноваційних фінансових інструментів для розвитку аграрної сфери. Особливість сучасного підходу до застосування інноваційних фінансових інструментів для інноваційного розвитку аграрного сектору полягає в тому, що вони є альтернативою для фінансування у формі дотацій і дають можливість не тільки залучити більше фінансових ресурсів, а й використання цих ресурсів на поворотній основі, що дозволяє забезпечувати подальше стимулювання розвитку інновацій. Охарактеризовано сучасні моделі підтримки та фінансування інноваційного розвитку аграрного сектору в розвинутих країнах, зокрема модель розвитку аграрного сектору, яка передбачає не стільки зростання продуктивності, а пріоритети надаються сталому розвитку, інноваціям, поліпшенню умов утримання тварин, розвитку відновлюваних джерел енергетики, збереженню навколишнього природного середовища і розвитку сільських територій. Систематизовано підходи до фінансування інноваційного розвитку аграрного сектору і запропоновано джерела фінансування інноваційного розвитку в Україні. Ключові слова: аграрний сектор, інновації, фінансовий механізм, інноваційний розвиток, фінансове забезпечення. Формул: 0; рис.: 1; табл.: 0; бібл.: 14.

Study on the Sustainable Planning and High Efficiency Utilization of Rural Areas Based on Ecological-Production-Living Space – A Case Study of Shuihu Village, Hengdong County, China

Rural planning is an important part of territorial spatial planning. The study of rural “Ecological-production-living Space” is the key part in optimizing the land spatial development and improving the spatial planning system, which is significant for the sustainable planning and for high efficiency utilization of rural areas. In this study we take Shuihu village, Hengdong County, China, as a case study. (1) The paper applies the Analytic Hierarchy Process to construct a multi-factor evaluation system of villages “Ecological-production-living Space” for their development and construction, agricultural production conditions and ecological function suitability. Establishing the hierarchy model of rural “Ecological-production-living Space” and affecting weight values to each evaluation factor. (2) Using GIS multi-factor grid, we comprehensively evaluate the village space and identify as well as its dominant function. In the plan, the agricultural production as the leading function and as ecological and living space accounts for 36.25% of the area of the village field. The ecological production accounted for 51.71%, the development and construction accounts for 9.67%. (3) Apply rural complex concept to guide space usage separately from the production space (production and living space) , ecological space (ecological living and ecological production space), living space (living ecology and production space) ecological production and living space, to improve the ecological conservation and energy efficiency of agricultural production, to build ecological agriculture, modern agriculture and liveable idyllic community. Through these above parts, we hope to achieve the sustainable development model of rural area and high efficiency utilization of land resources.