Ecological Orientation Research Articles

The cooperative learning program: Implementing an ecological approach to the development of alternative psychoeducational programs

This paper describes the creation of an alternative psychoeducational program in a semi‐rural setting for children with severe behavior disorders. The program is conceptualized and examined in terms of an ecological orientation towards intervention with youth, emphasizing the interrelationships and transactions existing among the components of the youth services delivery system. The importance of utilizing and coordinating community resources to develop and maintain such a program is discussed, with attention to the issues, benefits, and difficulties involved in adopting the ecological perspective. The program demonstrates that public education, community mental health, and other child‐related social systems can collaborate and function cooperatively to create and support comprehensive services for youngsters displaying serious behavior handicaps. Finally, outcome data is offered indicating that the majority of students served in CLP make a successful re‐entry into either school or work settings.

The Implications of Primary Prevention for the Training of the Child Psychiatrist

The field of primary prevention has a sufficient research base to have come of age, but it is still not yet integrated into child psychiatry training. Barriers include emphasis on the individual, on psychopathology, and the methods of funding which reinforce direct service rather than prevention. The paper suggests ways in which an ecological orientation, competence promotion, consultation methods, and applied sciences could be used to broaden the experience of residents so that they may consider problems and possible preventive interventions not only at the case level but also at the class, community, and cultural levels.

Ornamental Horticulture Redefined1

Abstract As horticulturists and landscape professionals, we need to examine the traditional idea of “ornamental horticulture” in the context of environmental constraints, resource conservation, and social accountability in our highly urban society. The current over-emphasis on the ornamental use of plants in our landscapes reflects human tendencies toward conformity, eclecticism, and decorativeness in landscape design. An analysis of these tendencies along with the changing needs of our society suggests the new, broader term “appropriate horticulture,” emphasizing self-sufficiency in food and fuel production, urban needs, and an ecological orientation. This holistic concept of horticulture will allow horticulturists to become a more powerful force in our society.

An ecological orientation toward human abuse

1Associate Professor Department of Family Practice University of Alabama School of Medicine 2Associate Professor School of Nursing University of Alabama in Birmingham Birmingham. Alabama

An ecological orientation toward human abuse

1Associate Professor Department of Family Practice University of Alabama School of Medicine 2Associate Professor School of Nursing University of Alabama in Birmingham Birmingham. Alabama

The school psychologist as behavioral ecologist

Some psychologists involved in the implementation of applied behavioral psychology in educational systems must increasingly attend to the ecological impact of such interventions. An ecological orientation emphasizing system-like interdependencies among environment, organism, and behavior suggests several substantial additions to conventional role functions of behavioral school psychologists. Such functions involve taking an active part in evaluating and assessing second-order consequences of behavioral interventions. Recommendations for functional and procedural changes are provided within this framework.

The agrobotanical garden of the Agronomy Institute "Dr. Petru Groza"

The paper presents the main orientations in the activities of the Agrobotanical Garden from the Agronomy Institute Dr. Petru Groza Cluj-Napoca, founded 75 years ago. The first period of the garden was characterised by increased interest for medicinal plants, the second for plant taxonomy and systematics, the third by ecological orientations, research on cultivated varieties and for germplasm resources. The living plant collection of the garden are presented periodically in the Index Seminum Horti Agrobotanici Cluj - Napoca published since 1962, the results of botanical interest related to research on spontaneous species and cultivated plants are published in Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca. As a result of the research activities a Herbarium of more than 31 000 cultivated and spontaneous plant specimens are preserved.

The Ecological Product Buying Motive: A Challenge For Consumer Education

This paper reviews the literature devoted to products that have been identified as having an ecological orientation. Specifically, the author presents evidence to support the idea that the consuming public has demonstrated a capacity to buy products on a voluntary basis. This voluntary consumption behavior is observable in the key research projects quoted in the text. While there is mixed evidence to support the hypothesis that consumers will voluntarily alter their buying behavior for the benefit of society in general, there are a number of positive and identifiable ways to elicit broader participation in voluntary consumption behavior. This paper makes a numbers of suggestions with respect to how important information is in the process of voluntary consumption and suggests ways to simplify the information process.

Behavioral technology and behavioral ecology.

Applied behavior analysis, as a special case of behavioral technology, is discussed from the standpoint of behavioral ecology. The ecological orientation and its emphasis upon system-like interdependencies among environment, organism, and behavior are presented. The widespread possibilities for unintended effects of simple interventions provide the context for evaluating effective behavioral technology and calling for cooperation between the technologist and ecologist. Such cooperation, in the form of mutual and cooperative research efforts, should come naturally for the technologist and ecologist, because they share some fundamental values and assumptions, and each has much to offer the other. Several areas of such cooperative effort are spelled out.

Family Counseling and the Minister

The appropriateness of family counseling for the minister is discussed by a seminary professor in terms of its family context, its ecological orientation, its varied emphases, its active intervening role, its courageous confronting of reality, and its expectations of effecting change. A simulation of family counseling, as presented by a minister who is a family therapist, is described and analyzed in terms of thirty-seven principles which were illustrated.

Man and the Environment: An Introduction to Human Ecology and Evolution.

I find Man and the Environment an excellent work and recommend it strongly as a text for college and high school students and for general reading. Boughey presents his important data concisely, notably as the result of earnest fact-finding rather than easy fault-finding. His holistic treatment of his theme is most helpful. The volume contains numerous diagrams, drawings, even occasional photographs, ably illustrating its author's competent ecological orientation. Following each chapter are bibliographic references, as well as suggestions for further reading. There is a very interesting glossary, as well as three brief appendices (one providing a list of US administrative and regulatory bodies involved with environmental problems, another list providing geological dating, and a third one illustrating hominid models). A useful author index and subject index complete the book. One paragraph in the author's Preface records his appreciation of the importance of creative reading, particularly with reference to synthetic conceptualization:

Man and the Environment: An Introduction to Human Ecology and Evolution.

I find<i>Man and the Environment</i>an excellent work and recommend it strongly as a text for college and high school students and for general reading. Boughey presents his important data concisely, notably as the result of earnest fact-finding rather than easy fault-finding. His holistic treatment of his theme is most helpful. The volume contains numerous diagrams, drawings, even occasional photographs, ably illustrating its author's competent ecological orientation. Following each chapter are bibliographic references, as well as suggestions for further reading. There is a very interesting glossary, as well as three brief appendices (one providing a list of US administrative and regulatory bodies involved with environmental problems, another list providing geological dating, and a third one illustrating hominid models). A useful author index and subject index complete the book. One paragraph in the author's Preface records his appreciation of the importance of creative reading, particularly with reference to synthetic conceptualization:

Systems analysis and school psychology

Traditionally the activities of professionals supplying mental health services to schools have been guided by a medical model which stressed intrapsychic dysfunction. This model is contrasted with an ecological orientation utilizing a systems approach for preventing or alleviating problems. The case history method is used to demonstrate how school psychologists actually perform within this model and to illustrate some of the general characteristics of the ecological approach; it also demonstrates how teacher consultation, family therapy, and student role-playing are organized into a meaningful and unified strategy directed at helping a child in trouble.

Book Notice: Pacific Insects Monograph 25: Advances in Antarctic and Far Southern Entomology

This volume is a collection of papers with new data assembled while or since “Entomology of Antarctica” (Amer. Geophys. Union, Ant. Res. Ser. 10, 395 p., 1967) was in press. The 15 articles in the main body of the volume concern the Antarctic, but some of these have wider scope. Most of the articles have an ecological or biogeographic orientation. Three papers are devoted to ectoparasites.

Sculptures of Unusual Perceptions

Raleigh-With the investigations of visual perception by the experimental psychologists of this century the purely philosophic assumptions regarding perception that had clouded and confounded prior research were largely removed. Swinging between hypothetical positions of perception as predominantly innate to the structure of the organism to perception as predominantly learned, contemporary research appears to settle on a rough compromise, working on a supposition that some aspects of perception are learned, others structurally given. Still, the major question is the relationship between the two. The phenomenon of perceptual constancy, for example, is not clearly explained since the relationship of memory, inference and cognitive judgment to the mechanics of the visual system is insufficiently known. Artists concerned with perceptual information have generally not found psychological studies useful because researchers still concentrate on the simplest forms of perceptionmost of these a traditional common-place in artistic illusions. Of greater interest in its broader implications has been the ecological orientation provided

The Canadian Western Arctic: A Century of Change

The Alaskans, numbering somewhat over 5,000,2 were divided into two separate but interdependent ecological orientations: the whale hunting people of the coast, concentrated between Point Barrow and Point Hope, and the inland caribou hunting peoples of the Brooks Range. The Alaskan coast between Point Barrow and Barter Island was uninhabited, although in summer it was a meeting ground where Mackenzie and Alaskan Eskimos came to trade. To the east of the Mackenzie Eskimo territory, the coast was similarly uninhabited as far as Stapylton Bay, The Copper Es kimos, numbering as many as 1,000,3 inhabited the shores of Dolphin and Union Strait, Coronation Gulf and the eastern margins of Amundsen Gulf.

Epidemiological Research in Total Communities: Settings and Perspectives

Problems of epidemiological research into the causes of disease and questions relating to medical care can both be studied with advantage either in a representative sample of the population or in a community in its totality. The advantages and shortcomings of the sample approach and the total community operation have been contrasted and discussed. The ecological orientation of total community studies has been described in some detail; an actual example of such a study was given. The essential unity of medical research and medical practice in community health was stressed.

Toward a Theoretical System of Human Ecology

There is no aspect of society that is in greater need of sociological study than is man's increasingly efficient organization for providing himself with a quantity and variety of material goods. In recent decades human ecology has been the most notable attempt by sociologists to develop an analytical framework encompassing this sector of collective human behavior. But so widely accepted has become the self evident truth that the early great expectations for human ecology have not been fulfilled that even sociologists with an ecological orientation seem to lack faith in the value of their subject matter. Although each year demonstrates anew that this phenomenon remains too vital to be banished entirely from sociology, human ecologists have come to practice Uncle Tom postures in the presence of colleagues endowed with the current psychological orientation, and to spend their research hours assaying their data hopefully for values, sentiments, motivations, and other elusive psychological elements. The factors which have led to this unseemly situation are too complex to analyze here but, in brief, the difficulty lies in the absence of a coherent theoretical system developed specifically around man's organization for sustenance. The lack of such a system has led to fragmentation with consequent sterility in human ecology, and, correspondingly, a weakening of sociology itself. The development of a theoretical system would do more than anything else to further the advance of human ecology toward a logically sound, empirically productive, and sociologically meaningful discipline. In attempting to move toward a theoretical system in the present paper, it has not been possible to give proper recognition to all those who have advanced similar ideas in the past. The parallels will be evident to persons familiar with the field. In particular it will be noted that the system offered here bears, at certain points, a close relationship to

Ecological Patterns and Value Orientations in Lebanon

Ecological Patterns and Value Orientations in Lebanon

Implications

Most of this volume is mere description. This description has been concerned with minutiae. The basic objective of the pages of description and comparison is to discern, if we can transmute description into insight, what significance Danger Cave may have, in broad perspective, for understanding North American prehistory. Perhaps it is correct to regard this entire report as a search for relationships. The question asked is how, if at all, these data are related to other comparable archeological data, and whether inferences about human behavior, culture diffusion and cultural dynamics can be drawn.So far as a lifeway is concerned, let us again examine the implications of the Wendover data. It had been the hope in the beginning of this study that a thoroughgoing ecological orientation of these data would be feasible.