Eco-friendly Synthesis Research Articles

Physicochemical and Mechanical Properties of Non-Isocyanate Polyhydroxyurethanes (NIPHUs) from Epoxidized Soybean Oil: Candidates for Wound Dressing Applications.

Only 0.1% of polyurethanes available on the market are from renewable sources. With increasing concern about climate change, the substitution of monomers derived from petrochemical sources and the application of eco-friendly synthesis processes is crucial for the development of biomaterials. Therefore, polyhydroxyurethanes have been utilized, as their synthesis route allows for the carbonation of vegetable oils with carbon dioxide and the substitution of isocyanates known for their high toxicity, carcinogenicity, and petrochemical origin. In this study, polyhydroxyurethanes were obtained from carbonated soybean oil in combination with two diamines, one that is aliphatic (1,4-butadiamine (putrescine)) and another that is cycloaliphatic (1,3-cyclohexanobis(methylamine)). Four polyhydroxyurethanes were obtained, showing stability in hydrolytic and oxidative media, thermal stability above 200 °C, tensile strength between 0.9 and 1.1 MPa, an elongation at break between 81 and 222%, a water absorption rate up 102%, and contact angles between 63.70 and 101.39. New formulations of bio-based NIPHUs can be developed with the inclusion of a cycloaliphatic diamine (CHM) for the improvement of mechanical properties, which represents a more sustainable process for obtaining NIPHUs with the physicochemical, mechanical, and thermal properties required for the preparation of wound dressings.

Tailored green synthesized silymarin-selenium nanoparticles: Topical nanocarrier of promising antileishmanial activity

Poor drug penetration, emerging drug resistance, and systemic toxicity are among the major obstacles challenging the current treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis. Hence, developing advanced strategies for effective and targeted delivery of antileishmanial agents is crucial. Several drug delivery carriers have been developed till current date for dermal/transdermal delivery, especially those which are fabricated using eco-friendly synthesis approaches, since they protect the environment from the harmful effects of chemical waste disposal. This work describes the preparation of selenium nanoparticles loaded with silymarin via one-pot green reduction technique, for treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis. The selected silymarin loaded selenium nanoparticles (SSNs4-0.1) displayed good loading efficiency of 58.22 ± 0.56 %, zeta potential of −30.63 ± 0.40 mV, hydrodynamic diameter of 245.77 ± 11.12 nm, and polydispersity index of 0.19 ± 0.01. It exhibited good physical stability, as well as high ex vivo deposition % in the epidermis (46.98 ± 1.51 %) and dermis (35.23 ± 1.72 %), which was further proven using confocal laser microscopy. It also exhibited significant cytocompatibility and noticeable cellular internalization of 90.02 ± 3.81 % in human fibroblasts, as well as high trypanothione reductase inhibitory effect (97.10 ± 0.30 %). Results of this study confirmed the successful green synthesis of silymarin-loaded selenium nanoparticles; delineating them as one of the promising antileishmanial topical delivery systems.

Eco-Friendly biogenic synthesis, characterization of Au/Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles and its catalytic activity towards degradation of Rhodamine-B

Eco-Friendly biogenic synthesis of gold and iron oxide (Au/Fe3O4) Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) using Lepidagathis cristata (LC) leaf extract act as capping and reducing agent. The prepared MNPs was characterized by different analytical techniques such as UV-Vis, FT-IR, XRD, TEM, VSM and BET adsorption-desorption methods. The XRD revealed the formation of LC/Au/Fe3O4 MNPs with crystallite size of about~30 nm. The synthesized LC/Au/Fe3O4 MNPs were found to be ferromagnetic nature, which was confirmed by vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) at room temperature. Besides, the prepared composite exhibits high specific surface area of 23.6 m2g-1. As well as, the LC/Au/Fe3O4 MNPs showed a good catalytic nature for the degradation of Rhodamine-B (Rh-B) in the presence of Sodium borohydride (NaBH4) in aqueous solution.

Eco-friendly synthesis of silver nanoparticles: unraveling their influence on callus proliferation, secondary metabolite production, and antioxidant activities in Ruta chalepensis L.

Eco-friendly synthesis of silver nanoparticles: unraveling their influence on callus proliferation, secondary metabolite production, and antioxidant activities in Ruta chalepensis L.

Green synthesis and photocatalytic proficiency of tunable SnO2 nanostructures: unveiling environmental-friendly strategies for sustainable water remediation

This study demonstrates a proficient and eco-friendly synthesis of SnO2 nanostructures using a hydrothermal method, without the requirement of extra surfactants. The synthesis was systematically performed by adjusting the molar ratio of stannic chloride to sodium hydroxide and varying the pH settings. It was noted that the pH value rises according to the concentration of sodium hydroxide. A comprehensive analysis was performed to characterize the resulting nanostructures, which involved studying their structural features, chemical composition, morphology, and optical properties. An x-ray diffraction analysis showed that increasing the pH values resulted in a noticeable improvement in the crystalline structure and a decrease in the density of surface defects. The SnO2 nanostructures, synthesized using different pH settings, were subsequently assessed for their photocatalytic performance in the degradation of methylene blue dye under simulated solar irradiation. Surprisingly, the nanostructure produced at higher pH levels showed outstanding results, as 97% of the dye was broken down in just 70 min when exposed to simulated solar radiation. The analysis uncovered a maximum rate constant (k) value of 0.04 min−1, determined using pseudo first-order rate kinetics. In order to better understand the photodegradation process, scavenger experiments were performed to identify the active species involved. These investigations provided valuable insights into the complex mechanisms that drive the observed photocatalytic activity. This study not only enhances the progress of SnO2 nanostructures but also highlights their potential as strong and environmentally friendly materials for effective photocatalytic applications.

Phyto-Fabrication of Moringa Oleifera Peel-Sourced Silver Nanoparticles: A Promising Approach for Combating Hepatic Cancer by Targeting Proinflammatory Cytokines and Mitigating Cytokine Storms.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) arises from precancerous nodules, leading to liver damage and inflammation, which triggers the release of proinflammatory cytokines. Dysregulation of these cytokines can escalate into a cytokine storm, causing severe organ damage. Interestingly, Moringa oleifera (M. oleifera) fruit peel, previously discarded as waste, contains an abundance of essential biomolecules and high nutritional value. This study focuses on the eco-friendly synthesis of silver nanoparticles infused with M. oleifera peel extract biomolecules and their impact on regulating proinflammatory cytokines, as well as their potential anticancer effects against Wistar rats. The freshly synthesized nanoformulation underwent comprehensive characterization, followed by antihepatic cancer evaluation using a diethyl nitrosamine-induced model (at a dose of 200 mg kg-1 BW). The study demonstrates a significant reduction in proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, interleukin-1β, and nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-κB). Furthermore, it confirms that the newly biosynthesized silver nanoparticles exhibit additional potential against hepatic cancer due to their capped biomolecules.

Eco-friendly synthesis of nanoceria using orange peel extract for electrochemical detection of selective cadmium ions

Contamination of drinking water and food by cadmium ions (Cd2+) is a major threat to human health and environment. Here, we focus on the fabrication of simple, cost effective, eco-friendly synthesis of Cerium oxide nanoparticles (nanoceria) using orange peel extract for selective detection of cadmium (Cd2+) ions. The green synthesized nanoparticles exhibited cubic structure which was confirmed by XRD studies. The FESEM and EDS image confirm the surface morphology and elemental composition of nanoceria. HRTEM possesses the cubic structure with an average particle size of 17 nm. The green synthesized nanoceria shows a strong absorption Raman spectrum at 465 cm−1. Furthermore, the Electrochemical profile of nanoceria was investigated by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The electroactive surface area recorded for CeO2 modified GCE is 13.24 cm2. The nanoceria modified Glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was used for the detection of toxic heavy metal Cd2+ ion with square wave voltammetry. The linear detection range of Cd2+ was from 10 µM to 1000 µM. The fabricated green synthesized CeO2 electrode exhibited a linear behaviour and the detection limit was found to be 0.47 nM exhibited excellent stability. The green synthesized CeO2 can also be used in trace detection of Cd2+ ions in environmental samples. The nanoceria synthesized via orange peel extract has high electrochemical performance would be of great interest for constructing novel sensing platforms for monitoring heavy metal ions (Cd2+) in environment.

Sustainable nanomaterials' role in green supply chains and environmental sustainability

The review explores the pivotal role of sustainable nanomaterials in promoting green supply chains and advancing environmental sustainability. Nanotechnology has emerged as a promising field for developing innovative materials with enhanced properties and reduced environmental impacts. Sustainable nanomaterials, characterized by their eco-friendly synthesis methods, biodegradability, and low toxicity, offer transformative opportunities for enhancing the sustainability of supply chains across diverse industries. This review examines the potential applications of sustainable nanomaterials in green supply chains, encompassing areas such as renewable energy, water purification, waste management, and sustainable packaging. By leveraging the unique properties of nanomaterials, such as high surface area-to-volume ratio, catalytic activity, and tunable properties, businesses can develop sustainable solutions to address pressing environmental challenges. Case studies and examples highlight successful integration of sustainable nanomaterials into supply chain practices, showcasing their ability to reduce resource consumption, minimize waste generation, and mitigate environmental impacts. The review also discusses challenges and considerations associated with the adoption of sustainable nanomaterials, including regulatory compliance, risk assessment, and ethical considerations. Strategies for promoting responsible nanotechnology practices and fostering collaboration among stakeholders are proposed, emphasizing the importance of interdisciplinary approaches and stakeholder engagement in achieving sustainable supply chain goals. In conclusion, the integration of sustainable nanomaterials into green supply chains holds immense potential for driving environmental sustainability, innovation, and long-term prosperity. Keywords: Sustainable Nanomaterials, Green Supply Chains, Environmental Sustainability, Circular Economy, Nanotechnology, Supply Chain Optimization

Green synthesis and optimization of iron oxide nanoparticles as MRI contrast agent

Iron nanoparticles (FeNPs) derived from herbal plants are being explored as potential magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents due to their biocompatibility and ability to perform targeted drug delivery. For the first time, the usage of various novel combinations of leaf extracts such as those of Azadirachta indica and Piper betle and extracts of two other Ayurvedic herbs – namely, Asparagus racemosus and Symplocos – was attempted for eco-friendly green synthesis of FeNPs. The nanoparticles were coated onto nanofibers made from a banana pseudo-stem (FENPs-NF) to enhance their biocompatibility. The synthesis process was optimized using response surface methodology, and techniques such as ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, vibrating-sample magnetometry, atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) were used for characterization. Hemolytic and immune cell assays, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and MRI analysis were carried out. A peak at 325 nm observed in UV–Vis spectroscopy, AAS, FE-SEM, EDX and FT-IR proved the presence of FeNPs. Hemolytic and immune cell assays indicated biocompatibility, and the MTT assay (MCF-7) showed inhibition at 250 μg/ml. FeNPs and FeNPs-NF showed a good signal loss in MRI analysis at 1.5 T, proving their contrast agent nature. Thus, FeNPs synthesized from herbal plant sources may open a new door for potential application in the biomedical field as a chemical-free and biocompatible MRI contrast agent.

Synthesis of eco-friendly borosilicate glass with Eu3+ dopants: Harnessing recovered silica gel waste for reddish-orange emission materials

In this study, recovered silica gel waste (RSGW) is used as a key raw material to create borosilicate glass doped with Eu3+ ions in a new and environmentally friendly way. The glass compositions were fabricated using the melt quenching method, with different amounts of RSGW and a constant 1.0 mol% Eu3+ doping concentration. The study shows that increasing the doping concentration of RSGW improves the glass density and rigidity while reducing the molar volume, indicating enhanced glass stability. Photoluminescence and X-ray luminescence analyses confirm that the optimal composition with 50 mol% RSGW exhibits the strongest emission. Based on the phonon sideband analysis, the host glasses have a phonon energy of 966.53 cm− 1. An X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) analysis showed that most of the europium ions were in the 3+ oxidation state. The CIE 1931 chromaticity investigation shows the x,y color coordinates at (0.645, 0.351) in the reddish-orange region. To optimize the doping concentration of Eu2O3, it was determined that a fixed concentration of 50 mol% RSGW created the most suitable mixture. Both luminescence emission spectra exhibit strong luminescence, with a peak emission wavelength of 615 nm (⁵D0→⁷F2), confirming concentration quenching in both photoluminescence and x-ray luminescence at a concentration of 1.0 mol%. The study explores potential applications of this novel material in photonics and suggests that this eco-friendly synthesis approach holds great promise for sustainable and efficient production of reddish-orange emission materials.

Eco-friendly synthesis of cluster-like Dy2Ce2O7 nanoparticles using orange juice and their application in electrochemical determination of isoniazid

In this study, cluster-like (CL) Dy2Ce2O7 nanoparticles were synthesized via an easy and rapid sonochemical pathway. X-ray diffraction (XRD), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) were used for the characterization of nanoparticles. The construction of an electrochemical sensor was performed to determine isoniazid (IZN) based on ionic liquid (IL) and the cluster-like nanostructure of Dy2Ce2O7 modified carbon paste electrode (CL-Dy2Ce2O7/IL/CPE). Using the fabricated sensor, cyclic voltammetry (CV) along with differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) have been utilized to examine the catalytic activity of the modified electrode toward oxidation of IZN in 0.1 M phosphate buffer solution (PBS) with pH of 7.0. The large specific surface area and electrocatalytic properties of CL-Dy2Ce2O7 as well as the good electrical conductivity of ionic liquid greatly enhanced the current signal of the IZN at the CL-Dy2Ce2O7/IL/CPE. The process at the surface of the electrode was under the diffusion control mechanism and the diffusion coefficient for IZN was 1.08 × 10−5 cm2/s. Additionally, with a low detection limit of 9.0 nM, the peak current of IZN rose linearly with concentration in the range of 0.02–340.0 μM. Our findings demonstrate that the sensitive and selective detection of IZN in pharmaceutical and biological samples can be achieved using the CL-Dy2Ce2O7/IL/CPE.

Enzymes-based nanomaterial synthesis: an eco-friendly and green synthesis approach

Enzymes-based nanomaterial synthesis: an eco-friendly and green synthesis approach

Extracellular synthesis of heteroatom doped copper oxide nanoparticles from electronic waste – Transforming waste to resource for the remediation of nitrophenol contaminated water

Industrial effluents containing hazardous phenolic compounds such as 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) can threaten aquatic ecosystems and the environment. To address the environmental issues due to nitrophenol-contaminated industrial effluents and rapidly generating electronic waste (e-waste), catalytic nanoparticles are biosynthesized utilizing the waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs) and the cell-free supernatant (CFS) of the bacteria Alcaligenes aquatilis for the catalytic reduction of 4-NP with sodium borohydride (NaBH4). The optimum synthesis parameters to maximize 4-NP reduction were an initial pH of 12.4 and a volume ratio of metal leachate to CFS of 1:3. These nanoparticles were found to be heteroatom-doped CuO/Cu2O (Bio-CuO/Cu2O-PCB) with spherical shape, average crystallite size of 19 nm and average particle size of 19.2 nm. The biosynthesized nanoparticles exhibited excellent catalytic activity in the reduction of 4-NP with a pseudo-first-order rate constant (kapp) of 0.526 min-1, induction period of 2 min, and 90% reduction of 4-NP in 6 min. This work demonstrates the recovery of metal resources from waste as nanoparticles with excellent catalytic activity using a green, eco-friendly synthesis method under ambient conditions. Bio-CuO/Cu2O-PCB showed better activity than commercial CuO, biosynthesized and chemically synthesized CuO using precursor salt. The developed synthesis method is eco-friendly and could yield a recyclable catalyst for reducing harmful aromatic pollutants such as 4-NP present in wastewater to 4-aminophenol, a pharmaceutical intermediate.

Eco-friendly fabrication of silver nanoparticle-decorated electrodes for aqueous bisphenol A sensing

This work fabricated an electrochemical sensor for detecting bisphenol A (BPA) by employing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized through an eco-friendly approach. The AgNPs were produced using parsley leaf extract, which acted as a reducing and stabilizing agent in the synthesis process. The AgNPs synthesized using the green approach exhibited an average size of 15.2 ± 2.1 nm. The AgNP-modified screen-printed electrode (SPE) exhibited excellent electrocatalytic activity towards BPA oxidation, with an enhanced peak current of 28.6 μA compared to 5.2 μA for the bare SPE. The optimized sensor exhibited impressive analytical performance, boasting a broad linear range spanning 0.05–5 μM for BPA detection. Remarkably, it achieved a low limit of detection of 0.02 μM, coupled with high sensitivity. Furthermore, the sensor demonstrated commendable reproducibility, with a RSD of 3.6%, and exceptional repeatability, evidenced by an RSD of 2.4%. Upon evaluating the sensor's performance in analyzing real water specimens, the recoveries oscillated between 95.8% and 103.5%, accompanied by RSDs not exceeding 4.2%, thereby demonstrating its successful application for BPA detection. The eco-friendly synthesis approach and superior analytical performance make the AgNP-modified SPE a promising tool for on-site environmental monitoring and drinking water analysis.

Bio-fabrication and Characterization of Green Synthesized Nanoparticles from Commercial Honey

Green approaches to nanoparticle synthesis offer sustainable and environmentally friendly alternatives, avoiding hazardous chemicals typical in traditional methods. This study characterizes nanoparticles (NPs) synthesized from silver nitrate (AgNO3) and iron oxide (Fe2O3) using commercial honey as a reducing and capping agent. Characterization revealed significant disparities between silver NPs (AgNPs) and iron NPs (FeNPs). AgNPs had a larger particle size (Z-average: 3115.67 nm) compared to FeNPs (Z-average: 1813 nm). AgNPs showed a monodisperse population, while FeNPs had a slightly broader size distribution. Additionally, AgNPs had a higher particle concentration (mean count rate: 505.17 kcps) than FeNPs (mean count rate: 296.65 kcps). Both AgNPs and FeNPs displayed negative surface charges, at -6.499 mV and -1.652 mV, respectively, where FeNPs exhibit a slightly higher value. Elemental composition analysis by scanning electron microscope – energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) revealed that AgNPs are primarily composed of silver, carbon, and oxygen, whereas FeNPs consisted mainly of iron, oxygen, and carbon. These findings provide insights into the physical and chemical properties of AgNPs and FeNPs synthesized using commercial honey. Understanding these properties is essential for optimizing synthesis processes and exploring applications in medicine, catalysis, and environmental remediation. The eco-friendly synthesis approach using honey underscores the potential for sustainable nanomaterial production. Further research can explore specific applications and benefits of AgNPs and FeNPs synthesized through this green method, offering an efficient and economical alternative for nanoparticle synthesis.

Eco-friendly synthesis of novel magnesium oxide nanomaterials for dye degradation, battery, and sensor applications

Nowadays green synthesis is being incorporated into various technological fields to achieve more sustainable and environmentally friendly processes. By reducing the use of hazardous chemicals, minimizing waste generation, and utilizing renewable resources, green synthesis offers potential solutions to address environmental concerns and promote sustainable development in technology sectors. Herein we demonstrate an environmentally friendly green approach for the fabrication of MgO nanoparticles by using various fruit extracts. In this current study, watermelon, Aloe vera, and Jamun fruit extracts are used as fuel for the synthesis of MgO nanomaterials. Prepared materials were characterized by various characterization techniques. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images demonstrate the porous nature of the material and the Diffused reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) reveals the energy gap (4.8–4.9 eV) of the material. Photocatalytic degradation of Direct Green (DG) dye was evaluated under UV light irradiation and the catalyst prepared via jamun fuel (MgO-J) exhibited excellent catalytic activity at 84% for the degradation of DG dye under UV light and better electrochemical behavior as an electrode material compared to other prepared materials. This present work demonstrates a highly efficient eco-friendly route to synthesize MgO nanoparticles for multifunctional applications and also encourages sustainable development in technology areas.

A Novel Mechano-Synthesized Zeolitic Tetrazolate Framework for a High-Performance Triboelectric Nanogenerator and Self-Powered Selective Neurochemical Detection.

Designing a high-performing triboelectric novel material with eco-friendly, rapid, and cost-effective synthesis is the future of material research in triboelectric nanogenerators (TENG). We report a mechanochemical ball mill synthesis of a zeolitic tetrazolate framework (ZTF-8) that is isostructural with the well-known zeolitic imidazolate framework ZIF-8. ZTF-8 is extremely stable in water, 0.1 M aqueous acid/base solutions for 75 days at 25 °C, and boiling water (100 °C) for 7 days. Kelvin probe force microscopy and molecular electrostatic surface potential computational analysis exhibited that ZTF-8 has a very high positive surface potential. Atomic force microscopy and three-dimensional digital microscopy studies reveal the high roughness profile in the ZTF-8 film. The unique structure, exceptional acid/base stability, good dielectric property, and high roughness profile combined with the extremely electropositive nature of ZTF-8 make it a suitable candidate as a polymer-free triboelectric positive material in TENG with outstanding performance (power density of 720 mW/m2). High triboelectric output was further validated using the COMSOL Multiphysics simulation tool. Simple mechanical hand tapping of the ZTF-based TENG (ZTF-TENG) device generates high electric output, which was practically used to power numerous low-powered devices like tally counter, clinical thermometer, and digital clock and also illuminates 125 light-emitting diodes. In addition, the efficiency of ZTF-TENG was utilized as a self-powered device for a selective dopamine (DA) sensor with good sensitivity (377.76 mV/μM/cm2), wide range linearity (5-120 μM), and excellent limit of detection (0.42 μM).

Insights into the enzymatic synthesis of alcoholic flavor esters with molecular docking analysis

The enzymatic synthesis is essential for the flavor esters in the food and fragrance industries. This paper introduces a novel preparation method for lipase microarrays (CALB@PMHOS-TEOS) with loadings up to 229 ± 1.4 mg/g. Using surfactant-free hydrophobic silica-hybridized mesoporous materials and Candida antarctica lipase, this resulted in the effective synthesis of flavor esters. Using CALB@PMHOS-TEOS a Pickering emulsion system was formed at the oil-water interface for the sustainable synthesis of flavor esters. This resulted in a 93.5 ± 0.5 % conversion of hexanoic acid within 2 h at an optimal temperature of 35 °C, which is the highest level recorded in the literature to date. Furthermore, the conversion of hexanoic acid was maintained at 63.9 ± 1.2 % after 9 cycles of CALB@PMHOS-TEOS reuse. The application of the enzyme to the synthesis in a variety of flavor esters achieved a new benchmark in the existing literature. A molecular docking model was evaluated to understand the molecular mechanism underpinning the immobilized lipase. This work introduces a novel method for the eco-friendly and efficient synthesis of flavor esters for applications across various fields including food and cosmetics.

An Eco-Friendly Synthesis Approach for Enhanced Photocatalytic and Antibacterial Properties of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Using Coelastrella terrestris Algal Extract.

In the current scenario, the synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) using environmentally benign methods has gained significant attention due to their facile processes, cost-effectiveness, and eco-friendly nature. In the present study, copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) were synthesized usingaqueous extract of Coelastrella terrestrisalgae as a reducing, stabilizing, and capping agent. The synthesized CuO NPs were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). XRD investigation revealed that the biosynthesized CuO NPs were nanocrystalline with high-phase purity and size in the range of 4.26 nm to 28.51 nm. FTIR spectra confirmed the existence of secondary metabolites on the surface of the synthesized CuO NPs, with characteristic Cu-O vibrations being identified around 600 cm-1, 496 cm-1, and 440 cm-1. The FE-SEM images predicted that the enhancement of the algal extract amount converted the flattened rice-like structures of CuO NPs into flower petal-like structures. Furthermore, the degradation ability of biosynthesized CuO NPs was investigated against Amido black 10B (AB10B) dye. The results displayed that the optimal degradation efficacy of AB10B dye was 94.19%, obtained at 6 pH, 50 ppm concentration of dye, and 0.05 g dosage of CuO NPs in 90 min with a pseudo-first-order rate constant of 0.0296 min-1. The CuO-1 NPs synthesized through algae exhibited notable antibacterial efficacy against S. aureus with a zone of inhibition (ZOI) of 22 mm and against P. aeruginosa with a ZOI of 17 mm. Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that utilizing Coelastrella terrestris algae for the synthesis of CuO NPs presents a promising solution for addressing environmental contamination.

Eco-Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles Using Vigna unguiculata Seed Extract: A Leap in the Direction of Antiglycation Remedies

Nanotechnology, an interdisciplinary field that merges physics, chemistry, and biology, has emerged as a catalyst for innovation, offering far-reaching implications across various scientific disciplines. Gold nanoparticles (GNPs), with their unique physicochemical properties and biocompatibility, have become a focal point in this technological revolution. This research delves into the eco-friendly synthesis of gold nanoparticles using Vigna unguiculata seed extract, a botanical resource known for its rich phytochemical composition. The study investigates the antiglycation activities of these nanoparticles, drawing insights from existing literature. The synthesis process involves the reduction of gold ions by the bioactive compounds present in the Vigna unguiculata seed extract (VuS), leading to the formation of Vigna unguiculata derived GNPs (V-GNPs). Comprehensive characterization techniques, including UV-Vis spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy, were employed to confirm the stability, size, and shape of the synthesized nanoparticles. The research aligns with recent studies suggesting the potential of gold nanoparticles in mitigating glycation-related disorders. Glycation is a biochemical process implicated in various health complications, particularly diabetes. The antiglycation properties of V-GNPs, as revealed in this study, present an intriguing avenue for managing diabetes and associated complications. The unique composition of V-GNPs, coupled with their promising antiglycation properties, underscores their potential as effective therapeutic agents in the fight against diabetes and other glycation-related disorders. This research not only contributes to the existing body of knowledge but also opens up new possibilities for the application of V-GNPs in the realm of nanomedicine.