Green synthesis, characterization, antidiabetic, antioxidant and antibacterial applications of silver nanoparticles from Syzygium caryophyllatum (L.) Alston leaves

Abstract

Syzygium caryophyllatum (L.) Alston, an ethnobotanically acclaimed antidiabetic plant, was utilized for the first time in this study to synthesize silver nanoparticles (SC-AgNPs). Characterization revealed spherical SC-AgNPs (~30nm) with a silver content of 49.10%, displaying diverse functional groups and significant antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Proteus vulgaris. SC-AgNPs exhibited notable antidiabetic properties by inhibiting α-amylase and α-glucosidase activities, while enhancing glucose uptake in L6 and yeast cells. Moreover, SC-AgNPs demonstrated profound antioxidant activities by scavenging reactive oxygen species, which led to increased catalase activity and decreased glutathione-S-transferase activity. These properties surpassed those of the plant extract. SC-AgNPs were found to show low toxicity towards L6 cells when compared to the contemporary silver nanoparticles. The eco-friendly synthesis method and comprehensive biological assessments highlight the value of this work in advancing nanomedicine for diabetes management.