Eastern Uttar Pradesh Research Articles

Emergence of Delta Plus (AY.1) and Kappa (B.1.617.1) Variants of SARS-CoV-2 in Second Wave of India: A Case Series from Eastern Uttar Pradesh

Emergence of Delta Plus (AY.1) and Kappa (B.1.617.1) Variants of SARS-CoV-2 in Second Wave of India: A Case Series from Eastern Uttar Pradesh

Selection and Precis(e) Varietal Recommender System

A field experiment in a randomized block design was conducted during Rabi season 2019-2020 on 13 wheat varieties with the twin objectives of objectively selecting and precisely recommending the suitable plant types to farmers of Deoria district in eastern Uttar Pradesh. The varieties were evaluated on 12 characters like plant height (cm), flag leaf area (cm2), peduncle length (cm), spike length (cm), effective tillers, grains per spike (grain number), grain weight (g), spikelets per spike, test weight (g), grain yield per plant (g), biological yield per plant (g) and harvest index (%). Normalized cumulative ranks were used to objectively select suitable crop ideotypes. The top five varieties viz., HD-2967, MACS-6222, HUW-669, K-0307 and HUW-213 were precisely recommended to farmers of this region for cultivation.

Soil organic Carbon Stock affected by different cropping system of Prayagraj District, Eastern Uttar Pradesh, India

Soil organic Carbon Stock affected by different cropping system of Prayagraj District, Eastern Uttar Pradesh, India

Heat Unit and Heat Use Efficiency under Different Growing Environments of Mustard Crop (Brassica juncea L.)

A field experiment was conducted at Agro-meteorological Research Farm, A.N.D. University of Agriculture & Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya, India during 2019-20. The experiment was conducted with Factorial Randomized Complete Block Design and replicated four times with nine treatment combinations consisting of three different sowing times D1 (31st October) (23.5oC), D2 (10th November) (23oC), and D3 (20th November) (21oC) and three varieties V1 (Bio-902), V2 (NDR-8501) and V3 (Varuna). Results showed that higher growth and yield was observed when crop was sown on 31st October than other sowing times. Among the varieties Varuna gave highest growth and maximum yield as compared to other varieties due to fulfillment of congenial Heat unit/GDD, HUE. Maximum heat use efficiency and heat unit requirement from sowing to maturity was obtained when the crop was sown on 31st October while minimum heat use efficiency was obtained when the crop was sown on 20th November. Hence it can be concluded that the best sowing date of mustard is on 31st October in the early sowing. This study may help to select suitable sowing time under climatic condition of eastern Uttar Pradesh.

Correlation and Path Coefficient Analysis of Some Rice Genotypes (Oryza sativa L.)

An experiment was carried out to study the correlation and path analysis in twenty-six rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties, among 26 rice genotypes, 15 rice varieties and 11 landraces collections from hilly region of Mirzapur in eastern Uttar Pradesh. The experiment was performed during kharif 2021-22 in Randomized Block Design with three replications to analyze correlation and path Analysis. At phenotypic and genotypic level, number of grain per panicle (GPP 0.603), chlorophyll content (Chl 0.326), Ear bearing tillers per plant (EBT 0.356) showed highly positive significant correlation with yield per plant (YPP) to emerge as most important associates of grain yield in rice. Path analysis identified the highest positive direct effect on grain yield per plant was exhibited by number of grain per panicle (GPP 0.485), days to 50% flowering (DFF 0.414), plant height (PH at 45DAT 0.255), chlorophyll content (Chl 0.255), Ear bearing tillers per plant (EBT 0.173), plant height (PH at 30DAS 0.042), number of tillers per plant (NOT 0.029), panicle length (PL 0.024) are the most significant direct as well as indirect effect. Yield contributing components which under consideration at time of devising selection strategy aimed at developing varieties having higher yield.

TO STUDY ASSOCIATION OF POST-MENOPAUSAL SYMPTOMS AND CLINICO-DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE: A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY

Age at menopause influences the severity of post-menopausal symptoms to determine the symptoms and clinicodemographic links in post menopauseal women in a representative population from eastern Uttar Pradesh. All postmenopausal women presenting with symptoms in the Gynaecological Emergency Department for a period of one year were enrolled. Age and clinicodemographic details, symptoms severity, and reasons for delay in seeking treatment were noted. The data was analysed using Chi-square test. Overall 990/17,927 (5.52%) women visiting the gynaecological OPD presented with post-menopausal complaints. Among menopausal women, the mean age ranged from 40 to 60 years old with a mean age of 46.6012.48 years. Majority were para 3-4 (52.5%), age at menarche were >13 years (58.3%), uneducated (58.8 %) , lower/upper lower SES (57.5%), married (77.3%) and had BMI<18.5kg/m2 (62.1%). Tobacco/smoking addiction was reported in 55 (5.6%) women.Atotal of 145 (14.6%) were working women. Severity of symptoms was mild, moderate and severe in 57.2%, 28.3% and 14.5% cases. Majority had onset of symptoms for 4- 5 years (56.4%) after menopause. Joint pains and Backache/body ache were the most common presenting complaints (81.8%). A significant association of age at presentation was seen with parity, age at menarche, BMI category and occupational status. Severity of symptoms showed a significant association with age at presentation, parity, age at menarche, BMI category, occupational status and tobacco/smoking use. Most common reasons for delayed treatment were financial problems (22.2%), family problems (18.2%) and commonness of problem (12.6%). Only 2.1% women were aware about HRT. Among the relatively less informed members of our study population, low socioeconomic status, underweight, and menopause age were all influenced by clinicodemographic factors.

Profile of Children with Guillain Barre Syndrome from tertiary Centre in Eastern Uttar Pradesh: a Prospective Observational Study

Profile of Children with Guillain Barre Syndrome from tertiary Centre in Eastern Uttar Pradesh: a Prospective Observational Study

Patterns of Oral and Maxillofacial Lesions in Eastern Uttar Pradesh Region: A Retrospective Study

Patterns of Oral and Maxillofacial Lesions in Eastern Uttar Pradesh Region: A Retrospective Study

Developing a spatial information system of biomass potential from crop residues over India: A decision support for planning and establishment of biofuel/biomass power plant

The study demonstrates effective utilization of geospatial technology to amalgamate crop statistics, satellite derived crop maps and productivity proxies to generate spatial maps of biomass potential from crop residues over a diverse country like India. District level crop production statistics were used to estimate gross biomass potential (GBP) of the selected crops (rice, wheat, sugarcane and cotton). Multi-temporal satellite data were used to generate crop maps. District level GBP was disaggregated at 1 km grid using satellite derived crop fraction and seasonal Gross Primary Production. The GBP maps were further converted to surplus biomass potential (SBP) followed by bioenergy potential using district specific surplus factors (ground survey) and crop specific calorific values respectively. These maps could capture the spatial variations of the available biomass resources and prospective zones to prioritize its utilization. The study found the presence of rice-wheat based SBP over Punjab and Haryana (>0.30 Ktonnes km−2), eastern Uttar Pradesh (0.15–0.30 Ktonnes km−2); sugarcane-wheat based SBP over western Uttar Pradesh (>0.25 Ktonnes km−2); cotton-wheat based SBP over the southern Haryana and western Punjab (>0.20 Ktonnes km−2); and sugarcane-cotton based SBP over central India and Gujarat (>0.20 Ktonnes km−2). Geospatial maps of crop residue biomass along with other thematic layers were hosted in a geoportal (BHUVAN-JAIVOORJA) with an online query module to assess the amount and types of biomass, land resources, logistics support based on user defined point of interest and fetch/buffer area towards planning/establishment of tailor-made biofuel/biomass plants.

Effect of Nitrogen Levels and Planting Methods on Growth and Yield of Black Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Background: Compared to other types of rice, black rice has the highest protein content vitamins and minerals. Black rice contains essential amino acids like lysine, tryptophan; vitamins such as vitamin B1, vitamin B2, folic acid; and it is a good source of minerals including iron, zinc, calcium, phosphorus and selenium.
 Objectives: Impact of nitrogen levels and planting methods on black rice growth and production.
 Methods: A field experiment was conducted during kharif season of 2021, at crop research farm of Department of Agronomy at Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj in North Eastern plains of Eastern Uttar Pradesh. under randomized block design comprising of 9 treatments of which treatments (T1-T9) with different combination of nitrogen along with different planting meathods which are replicated thrice.
 Conclusion: The treatment Nitrogen at 75 kg/ha nitrogen + SRI method recorded maximum. Plant height (118.13 cm), number of tillers/hill (11.00), plant dry weight (31.62 g/plant), number of panicles per hill (10.83), number of grains per panicle (196.70), number of filled grains per panicle (116.33), grain yield (4.61 t/ha) and straw yield (11.38 t/ha). Because the findings are based on research conducted during a single season, they may be repeated for further confirmation.

Potential Use of Extreme Rainfall Forecast and Socio-Economic Data for Impact-Based Forecasting at the District Level in Northern India

Due to the increase in extreme rainfall events in India, there is an urgent need for prior communication of the expected impacts and appropriate responses in order to mitigate the losses of lives and damage to property. Extreme rainfall events cause numerous casualties, damage to property and infrastructure and vast displacement of people. Hence, the development of an approach where the rainfall forecasts are well analyzed, associated risks are identified, and the probable impacts are clearly communicated to relevant stakeholders is required. In this study, we aim to develop a framework for generating the impact-based forecasts (IBF) and associated warning matrices over the selected districts of eastern Uttar Pradesh, India, by integrating the rainfall forecasts and the socio-economic characteristics such as population, economy and agriculture. The selected districts lack proper infrastructure, have poor socio-economic conditions and have been historically prone to frequent extreme rainfall. The basic idea is to estimate the impacts that could occur over various sectors of population, economy and agriculture and suggest appropriate actions in order to mitigate the severity of the impacts. To this end, we identify the vulnerable districts based on the frequency of the number of extreme rainfall forecasts (ERFs) in the past four years (2017–2020) and the nature of socio-economic conditions. We selected three vulnerable districts based on the expected impacts, i.e., Shravasti (high category), Gorakhpur (medium category) and Jaunpur (low category) and subsequently, the corresponding IBFs are generated. Furthermore, a warning matrix is created for each district which provides updated information regarding the potential risk for a district a few days in advance. This study is significant since it identifies the different levels of potential impact over multiple sectors of society, presents a framework to generate impact-based forecasts and warnings, informs about the expected impacts, and suggests mitigation actions to reduce potential damage and losses.

Effect of Biofertilizer and Organic Manure on Growth and Yield of Pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.)


 A field experiment was conducted during Kharif season of 2021, at crop research farm of Department of Agronomy at Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj in North Eastern plains of Eastern Uttar Pradesh. The objective of the research study was to determine the effect of Bio fertilizer and Organic manure on growth and yield of Pearl millet under Randomized block design comprising of 9 treatments of which treatments with different combination of Rhizobium and VAM along with Organic manure like FYM and Vermicompost which were replicated thrice. The experimental results revealed that plant height (201.20 cm) and plant dry weight (50.05 g) were recorded significantly (P<0.05) highest in treatment Rhizobium @ 5 g/kg + VAM @ 5g/kg + FYM @ 2.5 t/ha + Vermicompost @ 2.5 t/ha. The highest number of ears/hill (2.43), number of grains/ear head (2157.33), grain yield (1973.00 Kg/ha), straw yield (3920 kg/ha) and harvest index (41.32%) were recorded with treatment Rhizobium @ 5 g/kg + VAM @ 5g/kg + FYM @ 2.5 t/ha + Vermicompost @ 2.5 t/ha.
 

Effect of Nitrogen and Phosphorus on Growth and Yield of Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata L.

A field study was conducted during the growing season of 2021 at the crop research farm of the Department of Agronomy at Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology, and Sciences, Prayagraj in the North Eastern plains of Eastern Uttar Pradesh with the objective of studying the effects of nitrogen and phosphorus on growth, yield, and economics of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) Var. Gomati VU 89 under a randomised block design, comprising of 9 treatments, of which treatments (T1-T9) with different combinations of nitrogen and phosphorus, which are replicated thrice. The experimental results revealed that 25 kg N/ha + 50 kg P/ha recorded Maximum plant height (69.02 cm), number of branches/plant (12.33), number of nodules/plant (4.0), highest plant dry weight (15.32 gm), crop growth rate (4.80 g/m2/day), test weight (18.57 g), number of pods/plant (20.13), number of seeds/pod (15.1), seed yield (1243.97 kg/ha), harvest index (32.0%). T9 25 kg N/ha + 50 kg P/ha resulted in a higher net return (34.05 x 103/ha), gross return (63.44 x 103/ha), and benefit-cost ratio (2.16).

Studies on Growth and Yield of Forage Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) var. GAFB-4as Influenced by Nitrogen and Weed Management

Background: Pearl millet is an important staple food in arid and semi-arid tropics of Asia and Africa. Low productivity and susceptibility due to weed population are the major causes for declining a productivity of millets in India. As the pearl millet is grown predominantly in the hot and humid rainy season, weeds deprive these crops of vital nutrients and moisture and bring down the production.
 Objective: Study the impact of nitrogen and weed management on the growth, yield, and quality of Forage Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) Var. GAFB-4.
 Methods: A field experiment was conducted during kharif season of 2021, at crop research farm of Department of Agronomy at Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj in North Eastern plains of Eastern Uttar Pradesh. under Randomized block design comprising of 9 treatments of which treatments (T1-T9) with different combination of nitrogen along with weed management which are replicated thrice.
 Conclusion: The treatment of 80 kg/ha nitrogen+ atrazine was recorded. Plant height (200.52 cm), plant dry weight (51.59gm), weed density (6.00), green fodder yield (28.42 t/ha) Because the findings are based on research conducted during a single season, they may be repeated for further confirmation.

Decline of Japanese encephalitis in Eastern Uttar Pradesh, India, 2009-2019

Decline of Japanese encephalitis in Eastern Uttar Pradesh, India, 2009-2019

Studies on Growth, Yield and Economics of Pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) var. VARUN - 666 as Influenced by Bio Fertilizer and Spacing

A field experiment was conducted during kharif season of 2021, at crop research farm of Department of Agronomy at Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj in North Eastern plains of Eastern Uttar Pradesh with the objective to study the effect of bio fertilizer and spacing on growth, yield and economics of Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) Var. VARUN - 666 under Randomized block design comprising of 9 treatments of which treatments (T1-T9) with different bio fertilizer combination of Azatobacter and Azospirillum along with spacing which are replicated thrice. The experimental results revealed that Application of Azotobacter @ 12.5g/kg +Azospirillum @ 12.5g/kg + 60 cm ×15 cm recorded significantly higher plant height (210.20 cm), Number of leaves/hill (40.3), Highest plant dry weight (49.49 gm), number of tillers/hill (3.3), number of ears/hill (2.43), number of grains/ear head (2097.33), grain yield (2.77 t/ha), straw yield (3.91 t/ha net return (Rs.1,03,453/ha), gross return (Rs.1,41,440/ha) and benefit: cost ratio (2.72).

Health Seeking Behaviour and Healthcare Utilization in a Rural Cohort of North India.

Background: The healthcare infrastructure of a country determines the health-seeking behaviour of the population. In developing countries such as India, there is a great disparity in the distribution of healthcare institutions across urban and rural areas with disadvantages for people living in rural areas. Objectives: Our objectives were to study the health-seeking behavior and factors associated with the use of formal healthcare among the Gorakhpur Health and Demographic Surveillance System (GHDSS) cohort of North India. Methods: The study was conducted in 28 villages from two rural blocks in the Gorakhpur district of eastern Uttar Pradesh, North India. Structured questionnaires were used to collect the data with regard to demographics, health-seeking behaviour and healthcare utilization. An adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was used to report the factors associated with the utilization of healthcare. Results: Out of 120,306 individuals surveyed, 19,240 (16%) individuals reported having any health problem in the last 15 days. Of them, 90% sought healthcare for their health needs. The formal healthcare utilization was 79%. The use of public health facilities was very low (37%) with most of the people seeking treatment from private healthcare (63%). Females, people with a higher level of education (graduate and above), and those belonging to rich and middle tercile were more likely to use formal healthcare services. Among different ailments, respiratory problems, gastrointestinal problems, and musculoskeletal problems were associated with decreased use of formal healthcare. Conclusion: About four in five individuals surveyed who had health problems sought treatments from formal healthcare with three in five preferring private institutions to public healthcare facilities due to a perceived higher level of treatment quality and nearby availability. There is an urgent need to re-establish community trust among public healthcare facilities with a focus on delivering on-site health care and enhancing the quality of services offered by public healthcare institutions.

Design of an Epitope-Based Peptide Vaccine Against Dengue Virus Isolate from Eastern Uttar Pradesh, India.

Dengue outbreaks are a serious public health concern that occurs on a regular basis in various locations of India. According to the Government of India's National Center for Vector-Borne Disease Control, a total of 1,23,106 dengue cases were identified in India as of October 2021. The currently available dengue vaccine was found to be ineffective against all serotypes of the virus. Dengue virus serotype 2 was reported to be the sole predominant serotype in Eastern Uttar Pradesh, India. An epitope-based peptide vaccine is believed to be safe and effective against all serotypes of the dengue virus. In this work, an epitope-based peptide vaccine based on envelope protein against the dengue virus was developed using the reverse vaccinology method. T-cell epitopes present in the envelope protein were screened using different immunoinformatic tools. Epitopes predicted by all servers were chosen and additionally picked out on the grounds of their antigenic reactivity, immunogenicity, toxicity, and allergenicity assessment. Three potent T cell epitopes as IVQPENLEY, ILIGVVITW, and DTAWDFGSL were screened, which binds with HLA-B*35:01, HLA-B*58:01, HLA-A*26:01 alleles, respectively. To build a 3D structure model of epitopes and alleles, the PepstrMod and Swiss-Model servers were used. Predicted epitopes and HLA alleles were docked using the HPEPDOCK server to confirm binding ability. These anticipated epitopes were found to cover the greatest number of populations in India and around the world. These identified epitopes have a high potential for eliciting an immune response in the development of a vaccine against the dengue virus, while further experimental validation is required for final confirmation.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10989-022-10402-4.

Spectrum of obstetric referral and their outcome at a Tertiary Care Center of Eastern Uttar Pradesh: An insight

Background: Pregnancy and childbirth, especially in high-risk women, necessitate proper antenatal, intranatal, and immediate postpartum care. Early detection of complications and prompt referral to the higher level of care can reduce the associated adverse maternal outcomes. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate the spectrum of pregnancy-related referrals to our hospitals and their outcomes. Materials and Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, B.R.D Medical College, Gorakhpur, U.P, India, over a period of 1 year (October 2020–September 2021). All the referred cases of obstetric indications ≥28 weeks of gestation were analyzed for reasons of referral and their outcomes. Results: Obstetrics referral accounted for 31.15% of the total obstetrics admissions (1416/4545). The average age of study participants was 26.92 years and majority being primigravida. The major reasons for referring patient were hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (16.74%), previous cesarean section (12.78%), and severe anemia (7.70%). There were 70 maternal deaths leading to case fatality rate of 4.94% while 94.2% of patient were discharged healthy. Conclusion: Lack of knowledge, ignorance, and poor transport facilities are major contributors of poor pregnancy outcome. Timely and appropriate referral is crucial in improving maternal outcome. Improvement in the quality of Maternal Child Health care at Primary Health Centre, Community Health Centre level; regular training of health-care providers in emergency obstetrics care is required to curb unnecessary referrals and consequently in reducing fetomaternal morbidity and mortality.

Role of National Filaria Control Programme (NFCP) Units in Elimination of Lymphatic Filariasis in Uttar Pradesh, India

All 51 lymphatic filariasis (LF) endemic districts of eastern Uttar Pradesh are being targeted for elimination of lymphatic filariasis (ELF) and accordingly, mass drug administration (MDA) had to be observed for consecutive five years by administering only Di-ethyl Carbamazine Citrate (DEC) once in a year. However, the human resource deployed in the state under NFCP is not optimally involved and utilised for the purpose. Instead, one more drug albendazole (400 mg) was added along with DEC and was administered to all age groups above 2 years of age since 2008 to have an effect on the adult worm too together with mf and therefore, the parasite was destroyed preventing the infected person from developing clinical manifestation. This had to be assessed by conducting a transmission assessment survey (TAS) thrice at an interval of two years.Out of 51 filaria endemic districts of the state, 42 districts have been subjected to TAS since 2015, of which only one district, i.e. Rampur, has cleared TAS-1, TAS-2 and TAS-3 and is under post MDA surveillance. 09 districts were subjected to TAS-1 twice, but could not clear the TAS-1 level, while 09 other districts could not qualify to proceed further for TAS-1. The state is yet to achieve the elimination of LF and has to conduct more MDA rounds beyond the scheduled five rounds required for the elimination of the disease. The various reasons for not achieving the target in programme implementation have been raised in the present paper.