Eastern Uttar Pradesh Research Articles

Age estimation by radiological study of ossification centres around pelvis and knee joint in a population of eastern Uttar Pradesh district

Age estimation by radiological study of ossification centres around pelvis and knee joint in a population of eastern Uttar Pradesh district

Coverage and compliance of mass drug administration (MDA) programme for elimination of lymphatic filariasis in an endemic district of eastern Uttar Pradesh, India.

Lymphatic filariasis is targeted for elimination in India through mass drug administration (MDA) with diethylcarbamazine (DEC) combined with albendazole (ABZ). To assess the coverage, compliance and causes for non-compliance towards MDA in an endemic district of Uttar Pradesh (U.P.), north India. A cross-sectional coverage evaluation survey was conducted in 24 rural and 6 urban clusters of Ghazipur district in eastern U.P. using multi-stage random sampling technique with probability proportional to estimated size (PPES). Data was collected in a semi-structured Performa from all the individuals in the selected households by interview technique. Bivariate analysis was performed to identify the factors associated with non-consumption of MDA drugs. A total of 1422 individuals were surveyed from 30 randomly selected subunits of which 1401 (98.5%) were eligible for MDA at the time of the round. Majority of the participants were in the age-group of 15-59 years (67.0%) and were males (53.3%). The overall coverage of MDA (both drugs) among the eligible population in Ghazipur district was 58.5%. Compliance among those who had received both the drugs was 61.6% with effective coverage of 36.0%. The coverage was significantly higher in rural areas compared to the urban clusters (p<0.0001). The most common reason quoted for not consuming drugs was fear of side effects (34.9%). However, the incidence of adverse events among those who consumed the drugs was only 2.5%. None of the socio-demographic variables showed a significant association with the compliance to the drugs. Coverage and compliance of MDA in Ghazipur district of U.P., India was found to be below satisfactory levels. Targeted Information Education and Communication (IEC) campaigns focusing on the safety of drugs and the necessity of MDA, and mass mobilization with effective monitoring and supervision is the need of the hour for effective coverage of MDA Programme.

Clinical Profile and Visual Outcome of Traumatic Glaucoma Patients Following Closed Globe Injury in the Rural Part of Eastern Uttar Pradesh at a Tertiary Eye Care Centre: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Introduction: Glaucoma is a significant cause of ocular morbidity following ocular trauma, particularly Closed Globe Injury (CGI), which frequently leads to elevated Intraocular Pressure (IOP). This type of trauma can result in various tissue damages such as radial sphincter tears, iridodialysis, angle recession, cyclodialysis, trabecular meshwork tears, zonule separation, or peripheral retinal dialysis. Damage in these areas can lead to early or delayed onset glaucoma. Aim: To evaluate the clinical profile, assess visual outcomes, and analyse management strategies in post-traumatic glaucoma with CGI. Materials and Methods: The retrospective cohort study was conducted at a tertiary eye care centre in Department of Ophthalmology, Regional Institute of Ophthalmology (RIO), Sitapur, Uttar Pradesh, India. from January 2020 to December 2022. Retrospective data of patients presenting with CGI and developing elevated IOP (&gt;21 mmHg) were collected. Only patients with a minimum follow-up of three months were included. Various parameters, including demographics, IOP, Best-Corrected Visual Acuity (BCVA), and the effects of medical and surgical treatments on IOP and BCVA, were analysed. The Ocular Trauma Score (OTS) was also calculated. Statistical analysis was performed using Microsoft excel and Statistical Package for Social Sciences software version 21.0, with a significance level of 5%. Continuous variables were described as mean±Standard Deviation (SD), and an unpaired t-test was used for comparisons between pre- and postmanagement visual acuity and IOP. Results: Out of 259 eyes with ocular trauma, 93 (35.90%) were diagnosed with CGI and developed elevated IOP. The most common causes of elevated IOP were hyphema (37.63%) and angle recession mechanisms (32.25%). The median IOP at presentation was 35 mmHg (range: 12 to 71 mmHg) and decreased to 16.5 mmHg (range: 4 to 52 mmHg) at the last follow-up (p-value &lt;0.001). Surgical management was required in 30 (32.25%) eyes, with 13 (13.97%) eyes undergoing trabeculectomy. Conclusion: Post-traumatic IOP elevation occurred in 93 (35.90%) eyes with CGI, and 13.97% of these eyes required glaucoma filtering surgery for IOP control. Overall, medical management was necessary in 67.74% of eyes, while 32.25% required surgical intervention. Eyes with posterior segment involvement had poor visual acuity. Poor baseline vision and vitreo-retinal involvement increased the risk of a poor visual outcome.

Linseed yield attributes, variability, correlation, and path analysis in rainfed and irrigated conditions in the Vindhyan region of Eastern Uttar Pradesh

Linseed yield attributes, variability, correlation, and path analysis in rainfed and irrigated conditions in the Vindhyan region of Eastern Uttar Pradesh

Diversity Analysis of Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn Isolates Causing Sheath Blight of Rice in Eastern Uttar Pradesh, India

The sheath blight of rice is a devastating fungal disease, which is caused by Rhizoctonia solani AG1 IA. Twenty-one sheath blight isolates of rice were collected from different locations in eastern Uttar Pradesh, India, to study the variation in cultural, pathogenic, and molecular characterization. All the R. solani isolates were classified into four groups depending on the arrangement of sclerotia, i.e., peripheral, centre, scattered, and last group includes placing at the centre and peripheral 11, 1, 5, and 4 isolates, respectively. Depending on pathogenicity, isolates are grouped into weakly virulent, virulent, and highly virulent, representing 12, 4, and 5 isolates, respectively. The random amplified polymorphic DNA has been successfully used for molecular characterization. In our study, ITS1/ITS4 and AG-1 IA-specific markers yielded reproducible banding patterns. UPGMA cluster analysis revealed two major clusters, A and B, with a 13.85% dissimilarity value. This study does not correlate with virulence, geographical location, and RAPD profile groupings.

Changing the Trends in Surgery during the COVID-19 Times: An Experience from the Eastern Uttar Pradesh State, India

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has an immense effect not only on the social and economic lives of people but also on the surgical lives of surgeons, residents, nursing staff, and patients as well as ground level staff. Amidst this COVID pandemic, emergency surgeries were being done but at a decreased rate, whereas elective cases depended on the will of hospitals, surgeons, and patients. Study aims to promulgate a "Neo–Surgical Check Box" by amalgamating the WHO surgical checklist and the results obtained from the questionnaires. Subjects and Methods: After receiving ethical clearance from the Institute Ethical Committee, an online questionnaire with 50 questions divided into three sections was distributed to 235 surgeons in Uttar Pradesh. Results:Two hundred and eight surgeons had responded, out of which 154 were male and 54 were female. Only 41.4% (86) were actually conducting the surgery. The emergency surgery rate was 60.3%, whereas 18.6% of elective surgeries were done, 11.8% of surgeries were avoided, and the rate of minimal access surgery was 9.3%. Conclusion: The "Neo-Surgical Check Box" will not only increase the number of surgeries per day but also provide protection to the healthcare workers while handling not only COVID-positive patients but also any airborne communicable diseases.

Pest-Defender Abundance under Evaluation of Ecofriendly Insecticides against Major Insect Pests of Rice in Eastern Uttar Pradesh Conditions

The present study was analyzed the abundance of pest: defender ratio (P:D) over check plot under evaluation of ecofriendly insecticides against the major insect pests of rice in eastern Uttar Pradesh conditions for two consecutive years (2014 and 2015) at farmer field of district Deoria under the supervision of Department of Entomology, B.R.D.P.G. College, Deoria, Uttar Pradesh, India. There were 10 treatments (09 insecticides + 01 check) evaluated under randomized block design (RBD) by transplanting method of rice cultivation on localized popular rice cultivar Samba Mahsuri (BPT-5204). The insecticide treatments comprise 9 insecticides (CartapHcl, 50 SP, Indoxacarb 14.5 SC, Imidacloprid 17.8 SL, Chlorpyriphos 20 EC, Thiamethoxam 25 WG, Chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC, Azadirachtin (Neem Oil) 0.03 EC, Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki (Btk) 3.5 WP, and combination of Neem Oil 0.03 EC + Btk 3.5 WP).This evaluation was observed most effective ecofriendly insecticides concerned to lowest pest: defender ratio (P:D), lowest abundance of pest: defender ratio (P:D) over check plot, and highest yield. The inferences of pest: defender abundance ratio (P:D) over check plot and yield of rice crop were based on non-significant ecofriendly insecticides for the lowest pest: defender ratio (P:D). There were 2 insecticides (Neem Oil + Btk and Imidacloprid) inference non-significant for the lowest abundance of pest: defender ratio (P:D) over check plot. The mean ranking and inference of abundance of pest: defender ratio (P:D) over check was similar to the inference of non-significant ecofriendly insecticides for lowest pest: defender ratio (P:D) as, Neem Oil + Btk and Imidacloprid respectively.

DEVELOPMENT OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE SCALE FOR PROSPECTIVE TEACHERS

Over the decades, it has been assumed that emotional intelligence plays an important role in getting success in human life. Many researches proved and justified that emotional intelligence has remained a significant relationship to behavioural aspects of teachers as well as prospective teachers. Measurement of EI can best be understood in the light of the pioneering works of the EI model. There are three basic models of emotional intelligence as: the Mayer Model, Bar-On Model and Goleman Model. The relationship between teaching and emotional intelligence and lack of any EI measuring tools for prospective teachers necessitated the development of EI scale. So, the objective of the paper was to develop an EI scale for prospective teachers. Study considered common subscales of Goleman’s, Bar-On’s model and teachers’ quality for generating its EI construct (with 9 sub-scale). Researchers studied definitions of each of the dimensions and created 184 concerned items which were finally reduced to 50 items in final draft. In the first phase, drafts of the scale were administered on 200 prospective teachers and in the final phase 100 prospective teachers of eastern Uttar Pradesh were participated in the study. Content validity (CVR&gt;=0.8), inter-rater reliability (0.788 substantial Fleiss’ kappa reliability) and Construct validity (using CFA where CFI &amp; RMSEA were found 0.957 and 0.048 as acceptable fit) were established. Reliability analysis was done using Cronbach’s alpha (0.926) and split-half reliability (0.843) index. Norms were set as above average EI having score higher than 215.7, below average EI having score lower than 177.05 and average EI having score in between 215.7 and 177.05.

Infestation Suppression under Evaluation of Ecofriendly Insecticides against Major Insect Pests of Rice in Eastern Uttar Pradesh Conditions

The present study was undertaken to analysis the suppression of infestation over check plot under evaluation of ecofriendly insecticides against major insect pests of rice in eastern Uttar Pradesh conditions for the two consecutive years (2014 and 2015) at farmer field of district Deoria under the supervision of Department of Entomology, B.R.D.P.G. College, Deoria, Uttar Pradesh, India. There were 10 treatments (09 insecticides + 01 check) evaluated under randomized block design (RBD) by transplanting method of rice cultivation on localized popular rice cultivar Samba Mahsuri (BPT-5204). The insecticide treatments comprise 9 insecticides (CartapHcl, 50 SP, Indoxacarb 14.5 SC, Imidacloprid 17.8 SL, Chlorpyriphos 20 EC, Thiamethoxam 25 WG, Chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC, Azadirachtin (Neem Oil) 0.03 EC, Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki (Btk) 3.5 WP, and combination of Neem Oil 0.03 EC + Btk 3.5 WP). This evaluation was observed most effective ecofriendly insecticides concerned to lowest infestation, highest suppression of infestation over check plot, and highest yield. The inferences of suppression over check plot and yield of rice crop were based on non-significant ecofriendly insecticides for lowest infestation. There were 2 insecticides (CartapHcl and Imidacloprid) inference non-significant for highest suppression of infestation over check. There were 3 insecticides (CartapHcl, Imidacloprid, and Neem Oil + Btk) inference non-significant for lowest infestation and highest yield respectively. The mean ranking and inference of suppression over check were similar to inference of non-significant ecofriendly insecticides for lowest infestation as, Imidacloprid, CartapHcl, and Neem Oil + Btk respectively.

Knowledge Extent of Farmers Towards Improved Radish Production Technology in Eastern Uttar Pradesh, India

Radish is an important source of nutrition in our diet. Although farmers in eastern uttar pradesh are growing radish for a long time many farmers are lacking good knowledge of radish and its new varieties production practices. The study was conducted to know the level of knowledge of production practices among radish cultivating farmers of the eastern uttar pradesh region. A personal interview was conducted with hundred and fifty farmers those were selected through proportionate random sampling technique from ten selected village panchayat on the basis of fifteen farmers from each village panchayat. Highest knowledge level was observed in sowing time and irrigation management (100 per cent) followed by, field preparation (82.67 per cent), harvesting (80.66 per cent), weed management (74.00 per cent), high yielding varieties (72.00 per cent), plant protection measure (70.00 per cent), fertilizer application (68.67 per cent), spacing (68.00 per cent), inter cropping (61.33 per cent), plant growth regulator (50.67 per cent), respectively. Total knowledge index was calculated to be 74.67 per cent. Out of sixteen variables i.e., caste, education, material possession, risk orientation, scientific motivation, extension contact, awareness and adoption were found highly significant and positively correlated with knowledge at 0.05 % of significance level. The variables age is also highly significant but negatively correlated with knowledge level. Variables like annual income, marital status, land holding, type of family, size of family and social participation were found not significant but positively correlated with knowledge level. Only one variable economic motivation was found not significant and negatively correlated with knowledge level.

Noble Indices for Degree of Host Plant Resistance against Alternaria Blight in Rapeseed-mustard Genotypes

Experiments were conducted at Genetics and Plant Breeding Research Farm of N. D. University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Faizabad (U.P.) to evaluate 15 promising genotypes of rapeseed-mustard against Alternaria blight caused by Alternaria brassicae (Berk) Sacc. and A. brassicicola (Schw) Wiltshire. It is the most destructive and major disease problem under eastern Uttar Pradesh in Indian condition causing both the quantitative and qualitative losses. The evaluation criteria for host resistance against the disease considered were the number and size of spot, number of conidia per spot on both the vegetative (leaf) and reproductive (pod) parts were regularly recorded at periodical intervals starting from the disease appearance till the physiological maturity of each genotypes. The indices which were considered for in built resistance were delayed appearance of visible symptoms, minimum number of spot and their size, number of conidia per spot as well as the minimum leaf defoliation. The disease appeared first in genotype T-9 (44 DAS) which was delayed in GSL-5 (53 DAS). The number of spot/10cm2, size, sporulation capacity in terms of conidia per spot varied invariably among the genotypes and significantly in some cases. The appearance of disease symptoms in the form of blighted spots varied invariably (44 to 53 DAS) in different genotypes. The delayed appearance of disease symptoms (53 and 52 DAS), lower number of spot / 10cm2 on leaf (3.07 and 3.65), pods (3.74 and 4.14), smallest spot size on leaf (3.54 and 3.05 cm), pods (1.22 and 1.27 cm2), number of conidia per spot on leaf (1230 and 1630), pods (130 and 150) were visualised in genotype GSL-5 and Pusa Aditya,respectively indicating a certain pattern and may be considered as attributes of disease resistance. Further, this fact was strengthened with minimum leaf defoliation (32.03 and 35.55%), PDI on leaf (12.35 and 14.16), pods (7.73 and 7.93) and ultimately the AUDPC calculated on leaf (486.70 and 551.90) and pods (282.85 and 291.05). Accordingly both the genotypes were grouped in moderately resistant (MR) category. The correlation coefficient (r) among parameters attributing to resistance behaviour worked out proved helpful in drawing the conclusion. Because very limited source of durable resistance are available, it may be suggested to exploit the two genotypes i.e.GSL-5 and Pusa Aditya for breeding programme against Alternaria blight.

Double transplantation as a climate resilient and sustainable resource management strategy for rice production in eastern Uttar Pradesh, north India

-Enhancing the productivity of rainfed crops, especially rice, while coping with climate adversities and saving critical natural resources is essential for ensuring the food and nutrition security of a growing population. With this context, the present study was undertaken to validate promising farm innovation and adaptation practices used by small-medium landholding farmers for rice cultivation in eastern Uttar Pradesh (UP), north India, as well as to examine the sustainability of innovative practices for large-scale adoption. For this, a 3-year study comprising extensive field surveys and experiments was undertaken to compare single transplantation (ST) and double transplantation (DT) in rice along with organic addition (farm-yard manure, FYM) on crop growth, yield, climate resilience, soil quality, and overall sustainability i.e., social (women involvements and labour productivity), environmental (water productivity and nutrient use efficiency), and economic (benefit:cost ratio) dimensions of sustainability. Field experiments were conducted in triplicate using two local rice varieties (MotiNP-360 and Sampurna Kaveri) in two agroclimatic zones, namely the middle Gangetic plains and the Vindhyan zone, in the Mirzapur district of eastern Uttar Pradesh. The DT practices of rice with and without farm yard manure (FYM) (replacing at a dose of 25% NPK) were evaluated over conventional methods of rice cultivation (i.e., ST, as control) and analysis was done periodically. The DT practice improved growth (p < 0.05), percent fertile tiller and grain (p < 0.05), and rice yield (15–20% higher than ST), while also improving soil quality, yield indices, water and labour productivity, and the benefit-cost ratio. The DT practice also resulted in early maturity (10–15 days earlier than ST), created more labour days for women, decreased lodging and pest/disease incidence, as well as a subsequent reduction in the use of synthetic chemical pesticides and associated environmental costs. Importantly, the residual effects of FYM application significantly improved (p < 0.05) the grain yield in subsequent years of cropping. Optimizing DT cultivation practices, preferably with FYM input for various agro-climatic regions, is essential for large-scale sustainable rice production under changing climatic conditions.

Interpersonal Communication Skills Of Pediatric Residents Of Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital, Eastern Uttar Pradesh, India: A Pilot Study

Introduction: Effective communication set a platform where parents feel connected with his or her doctors, which can ultimately improve health, mediated through participation in care.&#x0D; Aims: To Assess the interpersonal communication skills of Paediatric resident doctors.&#x0D; Settings and Design: Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital, Eastern Uttar Pradesh, India.&#x0D; Methods and Material: - A cross-sectional study was conducted among all Pediatrics trainee residents working in department of Pediatrics, Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital, Eastern Uttar Pradesh, India. A standardized self-administered questionnaire (Interpersonal Communication Skill Inventory) was used to assess the IPC skills. The inventory has four sections which includes, delivering clear messages, active listening, giving and getting feedback and handling of emotional interaction while communications.&#x0D; Statistical analysis used: The data were tabulated and analyzed with SPSS-19 and Fisher exact probability test was used to compare the data.&#x0D; Results: Total of 45 residents was assessed, male were 19 and female were 26. Age of resident doctors was between 25 to 30 yrs. Out of 45 residents, 57.8% were confident in sending the clear messages 31.1% were active listener, 20% were confident in giving and the getting the feedback, and 15.5% were confident in handling the Emotional Interactions. Female residents were confident in giving and getting feedback (p=0.01) and handling emotional interactions (p=0.03). Increased in experiences improves handling emotional interactions (p=0.03)&#x0D; Conclusions: The delivering clear messages and active listening during conversation improved with experience whereas, to improve skills like handling emotional interaction and giving and the getting feedback of resident doctor would require structured training program.

Effect of agronomic and weed management practices on crop growth rate and relative growth rate of direct seeded rice under agro climatic condition of eastern Uttar Pradesh

A field experiment was carried out in the year 2014 and 2015 at experimental field of Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh to evaluate the effect of agronomic and weed management practices on crop growth rate (CGR) and relative growth rate (RGR) of direct seeded rice. Twenty-four treatment combinations consisting of two mulching viz. no mulch and live mulching (brown manuring with Sesbania) and nitrogen levels (120 kg ha-1, 150 kg ha-1&nbsp; and 180 kg ha-1 ) in main plot and four weed management practices viz. weedy check, two hand weeding at 20 and 40 DAS; azimsulfuron @ 30 g ha-1 + bispyribac-sodium @ 25 g ha-1 at 10-15 DAS; pendimethalin @ 1 kg ha-1 at 1-3 DAS fb bispyribac-sodium @ 25 g ha-1 15-20 DAS were allocated to sub plots. It was observed that CGR and RGR were significantly higher under brown manuring with Sesbania and 150 kg N ha-1 nitrogen level. Under various weed management practices, pendimethalin @ 1kgha-1&nbsp;fb&nbsp;bispyribac-sodium @ 25g ha-1 recorded higher growth parameters for both the years.

Suitability of Eucalyptus Clones in Eastern Gangetic Plains of Uttar Pradesh, India- A Case Study in the Raebareily District, India

In India, Eucalyptus is one of the prime species in Agroforestry and farmers are mostly diverting towards clonal planting material of this species for more returns in a shorter rotation period. Eucalyptus is among the most widely cultivated forest trees in the world over 22 million hectares. Eucalyptus hybrid and E. tereticornis are the two most widely planted Eucalyptus trees in India. The area under agroforestry in India is estimated as 25.32 million ha (Mha), or 8.2 per cent of the total geographical area of the country. A total of 53.32 Mha, representing about 17.57 per cent of the total reported geographical area (TRGA) of India, could potentially be under agroforestry in the near future, thus making agroforestry a major land-use activity, after agriculture and forestry. In the recent past, clonal forestry had played a significant role in producing better production yield in a shorter time. It is also well established that the performance of Eucalyptus clones is superior over normal seed-borne plants. Therefore, there is an urgent need for improvement in the production of forest resources to meet the needs of fuel-wood, timber and wood production on a sustainable basis and increase biomass yield from farm forestry plantations. Thus, the main objective of this study was to assess the growth performance of Eucalyptus clones in the Gangetic plains of Eastern Uttar Pradesh in the Raebareily district for the identification of suitable planting material. The trial was conducted under the statistical design of Complete Randomized Blocks with 3 replicates and 3 x 2 m spacing for all 19 clones of Pragati Biotech, Punjab (413,07,526, 04, K-25, 288, 2013, 2023, 2070, 2136, 3018, 2031, P-13, P-14, P-23, P-32, P-45, P-50, P-66) of 03 eucalyptus species (E. hybrid, E. tereticornis and E. camaldulensis) along with control for all 20 treatments in respective districts. Based on growth performance parameters such as height, girth, diameter, basal area and tree volume, overall clones- P-13, P-50, P-23, 526, P-32, 3018 and P-45 performed superior over other treatments in the Raebareily district. Here, all well-performing clones of the Punjab series belonged to E. camaldulensis only whereas 3018 is E. hybrid. This study has clearly shown that the selection of clones for a particular site is very important to get maximum productivity of clonal eucalypt plantations in and around Eastern Uttar Pradesh.

Assessment of genetic variation and trait inter-relationship in QPM inbred lines in Vindhyan region of Eastern Uttar Pradesh

The present investigation was carried out to assess genetic variation and trait inter-relationship in QPM inbred lines in Vindhyan region of Eastern Uttar Pradesh for 18 characters during Rabi 2018-19. Analysis of variance showed significant differences for all the characters at 1 per cent level of significance, indicating that considerable genetic variability was present among different QPM inbred lines. The less difference between GCV and PCV revealed that there was a very low influence of environment on the expression of various characters. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as per cent mean was depicted by for cob weight with sheath followed by cob weight without sheath and tassel length. Plant height followed by kernels per row, cob height, cob weigh twith sheath, tassel length, cobs per plant, cob weight without sheathand cob length showed positive significant correlation with grain yield and days to 50 per cent silking, followed by kernels per row,biological yield, harvest index, tassel length, cob length, anthesis silkinginterval, cobs per plant and cob weight without sheath hadshown the positive direct effect on grain yield per plant. Therefore, these characters may be used as selection indices for genetic improvement of QPM inbred lines.

Adaptation Reasons for Agroforestry in the Study Area of Eastern Uttar Pradesh, India

It is paramount to assess the social and economic status of the farmers in the adaptation of any agroecosystem. Studies on the impact of socio-economic factors specifically in the agroforestry system adaption are meager in Uttar Pradesh. The present research was carried out in the villages of the three selected districts (Kaushambi, Pratapgarh, and Allahabad) of Eastern Uttar Pradesh with 750 respondents in 2020. The investigation aimed to assess the reasons in the study area to adopt the agroforestry models. A simple random sampling technique was employed to select the respondents and primary, as well as secondary data, were used for qualitative and quantitative analysis by using an appropriate statistical design. Results showed that socio-economic factors, like family size, education, and age of the farmers greatly impacted the adaptation and difference in combinations of agroforestry systems. The land area under Agroforestry in Kaushambi with 54% followed by Pratapgarh (52%) and Allahabad (50%). the majority of the farmers adopted trees on their farmland for traditional purposes in the Kaushambi district (72%) and in Pratapgarh and Allahabad districts 72% and 70% respectively. The adoption of agroforestry systems for commercial purposes was observed highest in Allahabad (18%) followed by Kaushambi (16%) and Pratapgarh (12%). The Agrisilviculture system is practiced in the three districts and there were different combinations recorded in Pratapgarh (Teak+paddy: 96%); Allahabad (Eucalyptus+mustard: 96%) and Kaushambi (Teak+ mustard: 95.6%) districts. Conclusively, this study would be an asset and provide an idea for the policymakers in implementing or promoting agroforestry system practices in Uttar Pradesh.

Influence of Irrigation Schedules on Economics of Winter Wheat in Eastern Uttar Pradesh

This research was aimed to investigate the influence of irrigation schedules on the economic return of winter wheat during the Rabi season of years 2020-21 and 2021-22 for two consecutive years in Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India. Irrigation was scheduled as influenced by limiting soil water conditions, climatological factors and factors of energy balance. Irrigation was scheduled as influenced by limiting soil water conditions; the maximum cost of wheat production 46702.14 Rs/ha was found with 396 mm of total water applied at irrigation level 0 % soil moisture depletion and maximum benefit cost ratio 1.93 was found with 316.8 mm of total water applied at irrigation level 20 % soil moisture depletion, while a minimum benefit cost ratio 1.30 was found with 79.2 mm of total water applied at irrigation level 80% soil moisture depletion. Irrigation was scheduled as influenced by climatological factors, the maximum cost of wheat production 46702.14 Rs/ha was found with 396 mm of total water applied at irrigation level (IW/CPE=1.75) and maximum benefit cost ratio 2.07 was found with 330 mm of total water applied at irrigation level (IW/CPE=1.5) while minimum benefit cost ratio 1.44 was found with 132 mm of total water applied at irrigation level (IW/CPE= 0.50). Irrigation was scheduled as influenced by factors of energy balance, the maximum cost of wheat production 50306.08 Rs/ha was found with 528 mm of total water applied at irrigation level (EB=0.50) and maximum benefit cost ratio 2.19 was found with 396 mm of total water applied at irrigation level (EB=0.75) while the minimum benefit cost ratio 1.72 was found with 198 mm of total water applied at irrigation level (EB=1.75). Total water applied and B:C ratio of wheat as influenced by limiting soil water conditions, climatological factors and factors of energy balance showed a quadratic relationship R2=0.90, 0.85, and 0.65, respectively.

To study the significance of various risk factors in development of retinopathy of prematurity at a tertiary care center in Eastern Uttar Pradesh

Retinopathy of prematurity is a multi factorial vaso-proliferative disease that is the most common cause of preventable childhood blindness worldwide.This study aims to determine the frequency, clinical course and risk factors of ROP in premature infants treated in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NNICU) of our hospital. In this retrospective observational study the case records of 243 infants who visited our ROP clinic between January 2020 and august 2021 were reviewed. The mean GA was 33.4 weeks and the mean birth weight was 1.3 kg. A total of 55 (22.82%) patients developed ROP. low birth weight (p value = &amp;#60;0.001), low gestational age (p value = &amp;#60;0.001), multiple pregnancy (p value 0.002), blood transfusion (p value = 0.033), sepsis (p value = 0.009, odds ratio = 2.29 at CI 95%), oxygen supplementation (p value = &amp;#60;0.001 odds ratio= 10.56 at CI 95%) and duration of oxygen (p value = &amp;#60;0.001, odds ratio =1.93 at CI 95%) were significant risk factor for development of ROP. 2 (3.63%) cases were zone I, 8 (14.54%) zone II, and 45 (81.81 %) in zone III. Out of which 8 had plus disease. Analysis of the risk factor for severity of disease was found to be statistically significant with multiple pregnancy (p value = 0.015).Our study shows less gestational age, low birth weight and supplemental oxygen along with sepsis as biggest risk factor for development of ROP in our set –up and multiple pregnancy for severity.

To study the prevalence of thyroid autoimmune antibody in chronic kidney disease patients with hypothyroidism in Eastern Uttar Pradesh

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is defined as the presence of kidney damage. Hypothyroidism is prevalent in patients with CKD, including those on dialysis. The present observational cross-sectional study included 120 patients (70 subjects and 50 controls) who had previously been diagnosed with chronic kidney disease and primary hypothyroidism, as well as those who presented with primary hypothyroidism alone. Serological Estimation of Anti-TPO Antibody, T3, T4 and TSH levels were done as per standard protocol. We enrolled 120 patients, 70 of whom had hypothyroidism in addition to CKD and 50 of whom had hypothyroidism without CKD. Twenty percent of the cases tested positive for anti-TPO antibodies, while 80 % tested negative for anti-TPO antibodies. 71.5 % of positive cases were female, while 28.5 % were male. Among the controls, 74% were positive for anti-TPO antibodies, and 26% were negative. 64.9 % of the positive controls were female, while 35.1 % were male.Our findings indicate that primary hypothyroidism is prevalent in a subgroup of patients with chronic kidney disease. The non-autoimmune mechanism appears to be more prevalent. However, additional multi-centric studies will be necessary to improve the reliability and generalizability of the current study's observations.