Eastern Traditions Research Articles

Uncovering Holistic Contemporary Paradigms and Hamemayu Hayuning Bawana to Realise Sustainable Development Goals

Objective: This research aims to: (1) understand the historical development of Holistic Contemporary Worldview (CHW) and Kejawen Philosophy (Hamemayu Hayuning Bawana/HHB); (2) explore the correlation between CHW and HHB; (3) compare the axiology of HHB and CHW to better understand the path to achieving sustainable development goals; and (4) identify opportunities for maintaining sustainability through the perspectives of CHW and HHB. Theoretical Framework: The Earth is currently facing unsustainable changes, which are evident in climate change and the increasing frequency of disasters. These problems are believed to stem from reductionist-mechanist thinking, which fosters an anthropocentric attitude. In contrast, holistic thinking offers a new perspective on nature, seeing it as an interconnected whole where each component supports the others to maintain prosperity and balance. This idea is in line with the Javanese philosophy of life, HHB, which emphasizes harmony between humans and nature to enhance the beauty of life. Both concepts highlight the need for fundamental changes in the way humans interact with each other and nature to support the achievement of Sustainability especially the implementation of the Sustainable Development Golas (SDGs). Method: This descriptive qualitative research uses a literature study technique that is conducted in three stages. First, a literature study on the historical development of human views on nature, both from the Western view (CHW) and the Eastern view, especially Java (Kejawen-HHB). These historical developments are presented in the form of narratives to provide a clear picture of events and context, thus helping in understanding each philosophy. The second stage reviews these narratives to identify the core similarities and differences between the two approaches. Finally, the third stage analyses these comparisons to find clues about new approaches to sustainability, especially attitudinal changes to support the achievement of sustainable development goals Results and Discussion: This research shows that the concepts of CHW and HHB are two concepts that emerged from two different regions and times but have the same philosophical line. Both understand that all components of nature need to coexist and respect each other psychologically and even spiritually. This change in attitude is necessary to avoid the evil nature of humans (greed and arrogance) in fulfilling their needs in the form of development. The goal of sustainable development should be utilized for the benefit of the many and the broad (inclusive), which is the core concept of deep ecological understanding (Ecosophy of CHW) and needs to be supported by the concept of roso (spiritual culture of HHB). Both approaches have significant similarities and differences in some aspects but share the common goal of maintaining a dynamic balance to sustain living systems. Research Implications: The findings of this research are expected to contribute to a new perspective on how to achieve sustainability. The old approach based on classical mechanics is still relevant and useful to support the achievement of the SGDs, but the complexity of the world demands a change in behaviour in treating the universe and development. CHW and HHB provide new clues on how to achieve this. Originality/Value: This study compares and correlates two approaches from distinct origins: one rooted in the logic-driven Western culture and the other in the spiritual-based Eastern tradition. These approaches also emerged in different eras: one in the modern, complex age, and the other in the mythology-based ancient kingdom. By examining this correlation, the study underscores the importance of regulating thoughts and behaviors to ensure the continuity of life, particularly within the complexities of modern civilization.

Sea turtles stranded ashore: Sociocultural dissonance and identity conflicts in migration intentions of Chinese international student returnees

In the post-COVID-19 era, Chinese international student returnees are facing greater identity conflicts during their reintegration. Understanding their sociocultural and ideological identity negotiation will better accommodate their needs and facilitate their integration into society. This study explored identity conflicts experienced by Chinese student returnees across ecological systems after reentry to China during COVID-19. A qualitative approach was used with 20 returnees. The key findings of this study reveal multi-layered conflicts stemming from the discordance between traditional Eastern values and newly acquired Western perspectives across meso-to-macro systems. In addition, important factors corresponding to returnees’ social capital were identified during the acculturation. Coping mechanisms and migration intentions were observed to vary distinctly among the identified identity clusters. Individuals with a "homestayer" identity, characterized by a deep commitment to integrating with the Chinese community and a higher level of perceived social capital in China, predominantly employed positive coping strategies, such as behavioral adaptation. This group exhibited a strong inclination to remain in China. Conversely, those with a "wayfarer" identity, who experienced deeper immersion in foreign cultures and displayed critical views towards Chinese society with a perceived low social capital in China, tended to adopt negative coping strategies like social withdrawal, correlating with a pronounced intention to migrate. Finally, "navigators", who skillfully balance their native Chinese and foreign cultural identities and effectively manage transnational engagements and diverse cultural norms through their perceived strong social capital in both societies, demonstrated a tendency towards hybrid coping strategies tailored to individual scenarios, reflecting a nuanced, case-by-case approach. This group exhibited a mixed migration intention, indicative of their flexible identity orientation. These findings suggest the need for multi-level support systems and policies that not only facilitate returnee identity continuity but also foster an inclusive and diverse societal framework to effectively retain this valuable population.

The Shift Analysis on Woman Traditional Underwear Designs in Java and Bali from 1900 until 2000s

Indonesia is a country that pays attention to Eastern tradition, namely in politeness value either in attitude or socialization. Politeness in fashion considers the importance of the value of politeness in clothing. The politeness limitation in fashion in Indonesia was from the navel to ankles by exploring historically to find out the fashion change, especially in traditional clothing in Indonesia in some periods. This research aimed to trace the chronology of fashion change in traditional women in Indonesia from 1900 until 2000 and to study the fashion change from 1900 until 2000. The research method was historical, with data in figure samples obtained from 1900 until 2000. This research resulted in the chronology of the transformation of fashion change in traditional women's underwear from 1900 until 2000. This research found that fashion shifted from Colonialism to the Reformation. The conventional cloth changed from the initial usage, namely kemben, to bustier. Kemben usage in 1860, camisole usage in 1925, and the old order in 1954 is bustier. The length level of fashion design experienced a decrease. In the colonial period, traditional undergarments covered the breast. Still, in the reformation era, some only lasted until the peak of the breast, initially only from the navel until the ankle, then changed from the breast to the ankle. Technological advances have impacted the freedom to access information included in fashion.

Ziziphus jujuba: Applications in the Pharmacy and Food Industry

Ziziphus jujuba has been used since ancient times in traditional Eastern medicine. It is widely cultivated in numerous countries between the tropical and temperate climatic zones due to its high ecological plasticity and resilience to adverse weather. The different classes of chemical compounds contained in the plant are the reason for its medicinal properties. Research shows that every part of Ziziphus jujuba, the leaves, fruits and seeds, demonstrate therapeutic properties. This review focuses on the chemical composition in order to establish the relationship between the plant and its clinical use. Various biological effects are summarized and discussed: anticancer, anti-inflammatory, immunostimulating, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, gastrointestinal, etc. Apart from medicinal uses, the fruits of Ziziphus jujuba are edible and used in fresh and dried form. This literature review reveals possible medical applications of Ziziphus jujuba and its great potential for improving the diet of people in areas where the plant is abundant.

Differences in the Piano Performances of Modern Composers of Different Countries: Are the Specifics of Piano Pedagogy Different in Different Countries (For Example, China and Italy)?

ABSTRACTThe relevance of the research topic is due to the enrichment of the musical language and methods of performing works of the 20th and 21st centuries, as well as a significant update in the means of their transmission to the listener. The study aimed to reveal the tendencies of modern pianism in the context of Western (Italy) and Eastern (China) traditions, which contribute to the realisation of its uniqueness in the process of formation of high‐level professionals. This study is based on theoretical and practical methods. Theoretical methods include analysis, comparison and synthesis. Practical methods are online monitoring with systematisation and questioning. In China, the reliance on folklore is manifested in 85%, the philosophical interpretation of the content of musical works and their interpretation in 80%, the perfection of the mastery of performance technique in 95% and the synthesis of the achievements of Chinese and world performance practice in 80%. The spiritual and semantic aspect of piano performance in the framework of both countries is meaningful in 85%, the material and technical basis in 80% and ethnic self‐identification in 82%. The present findings can be used both in pedagogical and performance practices of different countries, traditions and cultures.

Trans(inter?)textual Migrations (Relations?) in the Traditional (Postmodernist?) Narrative of Salman Rushdie

Salman Rushdie's narrative style reflects a blend of traditional oral storytelling and postmodern literary techniques. This duality makes it challenging to categorize him strictly as either a traditional or postmodernist writer. His works, such as Midnight’s Children, exhibit fragmented storytelling akin to oral narratives, where the narrator frequently digresses, influenced by their environment and memories. These digressions create intertextual relationships, not just between texts but also between the text and the non-textual world, a technique which is called the "grasshopper narrative” in this paper. Rushdie's Midnight’s Children is heavily influenced by both Eastern oral traditions and Western literary techniques. The narrative is interspersed with references and borrowings from other texts and traditions, creating a tapestry of intertextual and trans-textual relations. For instance, characters and motifs from Forster’s A Passage to India and Kipling’s Kim find their way into Rushdie’s narrative, creating a dialogue between these works and Rushdie’s own. Moreover, the novel’s fragmented structure and the presence of a listener, Padma, enhance its oral storytelling feel, reinforcing its connection to traditional Eastern narratives. The influence of Western authors like Günter Grass and Gabriel García Márquez is also evident. These influences blend with Rushdie’s use of magic realism and his unique narrative style. Furthermore, Rushdie’s cinematic influences and his use of film vocabulary add another layer to his complex narrative structure. Rushdie’s narrative technique is a hybrid of traditional oral storytelling and postmodernist intertextuality, creating rich, multi-layered texts that traverse cultural and textual boundaries.

Gender, War, and Religion: Feminist Perspectives on Pathways to Just Peace

Starting with clashes between Western and Ukrainian feminists, this article discusses basic questions from an intersectional perspective on the relation between gender, war and religion. In the context of Russia’s war against Ukraine, how should a gender-sensitive peace ethics look? Among feminists, as in religious communities, we find radical pacifist positions next to and sometimes conflicting with approaches that draw on traditions of “just war” and/or “just peace.” After discussing the different approaches in Christian tradition, including Eastern traditions, and describing the imperialist nature of the Russian-Ukrainian war, the author highlights the importance of engaging feminist theories of war and militarism in the analysis and how they resonate with practices on the ground in Ukraine. The feminist lens demands attention for the full reality of war, for women’s multilayered agency in war, and for the genderedness of discourses and practices surrounding war heroism and war traumas. Based on such considerations and arguments, the article proposes five “principles” for a feminist political theology on war and peace, as a contribution to the ongoing scholarly debate. Markers on a feminist-theological pathway to just peace may include: reconsidering the notion of sacrifice; fearlessly bringing theology into religious diplomacy; nothing for Ukraine without the voices of Ukrainian women; embracing a paradigm of human security instead of state security; and the remaining challenge to imagine a common future with the enemy beyond the current evil of destruction.

An Exploration of the philosophical values in Western and Eastern traditions: Implications for our understanding of nature

Climate change has become one of the most critical issues in global politics. Despite extensive deliberations among world leaders under the United Nations, no definitive conclusions have been reached. The Kyoto Protocol proposed a top-down approach for states to combat climate change, placing the responsibility for reducing the carbon footprint on the state machinery. However, with the failure of this approach, the world community introduced the Paris Agreement, which adopted a bottom-up approach to combating climate change. This approach aimed to appeal to the consciousness and morality of each human being in addressing climate change by raising higher questions of human existence rather than focusing solely on material needs. The higher questions of human existence are situated in the religious teachings, values and beliefs of the different faiths of the world. The paper seeks to explore the variations in the intrinsic values as proposed by the East and Western philosophies about the world and the role of individuals within the universe. By analysing those values, the paper seeks to explore how such philosophical principles can invoke their reverence for nature among individuals. Such an outlook can encourage people to embrace those notions in their daily lives and thus modify their lifestyle patterns to prevent climate change.

Technology and provenience of the oldest pottery in the northern Pannonian Basin indicates its affiliation to hunter-gatherers

Consensus holds that pottery technology came to Central Europe from the Northern Balkans with independent pottery traditions existing concurrently in Eastern Europe. An unusual grass-tempered pottery dating back to around 5800 cal BC found in lake sediments at Santovka, Slovakia, predated the earliest known Neolithic pottery in the region (~ 5500 cal BC), suggesting unexplored narratives of pottery introduction. Analyses of the pottery’s technology, origin, and grass temper shedding light on ceramic traditions' spread can unveil mobility patterns and community lifestyles. Our findings indicate a non-local provenance, low temperature firing, Festugc sp. grass temper and unique rectangular or cylindrical vessel shapes which align with Eastern European hunter-gatherer practices. Moreover, the pottery style and technology have no analogies in the contemporary Danubian pottery traditions and have more similarities to those of the Eastern traditions. The pottery's raw materials likely originated from distant areas, indicating extensive territorial access for its creators. Our findings imply late Mesolithic hunter-gatherers as the probable artisans and with implications for the site's significance in the late Mesolithic landscape.

Religion and mental health: an Eastern Mediterranean region perspective.

In the last decade, spirituality gained increasing recognition, with an individualized approach to the significance of symptoms and the purpose of treatment. Many psychiatrists started adopting the term "biopsychosocial-spiritual" management. Modern psychological therapies have drawn from the principles of ancient Eastern traditions. However, the spiritual beliefs within Islam and their impact on mental well-being have yet to be studied sufficiently. The Eastern Mediterranean region is largely Muslim and shares similar cultural beliefs. This paper explores some of these beliefs and their impact on perceptions of mental health and help-seeking behavior. The paper will focus primarily on the religious ideologies, the concepts of punishment and reward from Allah (God) in the context of the high stigma associated with mental illness in the region, and the knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions toward people with mental illness. We will explore cultural beliefs in possession, evil eye, and black magic and how they influence treatment adherence. Traditional and faith healers remain very popular in this part of the world and are often the first line of treatment for people presenting with mental illness. Suicide and self-harming are particularly sensitive areas due to their religious implications in life and death, as well as the afterlife. Despite the global interest in the Eastern Mediterranean region, there still is a shortage of research on the intercultural aspects of this region, especially regarding mental health assessments. In this regard, we will explore some published literature from Qatar and draw comparisons with regional findings.

3-Methyl Thiophene-Modified Boron-Doped Diamond (BDD) Electrodes as Efficient Catalysts for Phenol Detection-A Case Study for the Detection of Gallic Acid in Three Specific Tea Types.

Polymer modification has been established as a cost-effective, simple, in situ method for overcoming some of the inherent disadvantages of boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes, and its application has been extended to reliable, low-cost environmental monitoring solutions. The present review focuses on modifying BDD electrodes with semi-conductive polymers acting as redox mediators. This article reports on the development of a 3-methyl thiophene-modified boron-doped diamond (BDD/P3MT) sensor for the electrochemical determination of total phenolic compounds (TPCs) in tea samples, using gallic acid (GA) as a marker. GA is a significant polyphenol with various biological activities, making its quantification crucial. Thus, a simple, fast, and sensitive GA sensor was fabricated using the electroanalytical square wave voltammetry (SWV) technique. The sensor utilizes a semi-conductive polymer, 3-methyl thiophene, as a redox mediator to enhance BDD's sensitivity and selectivity. Electrochemical synthesis was used for polymer deposition, allowing for greater purity and avoiding solubility problems. The BDD/P3MT sensor exhibits good electrochemical properties, including rapid charge transfer and a large electrochemical area, enabling GA detection with a limit of detection of 11 mg/L. The sensor's response was correlated with TPCs measured by the Folin-Ciocalteu method. Square wave voltammetry (SWV) showed a good linear relationship between peak currents and GA concentrations in a wide linear range of 3-71 mg/L under optimal conditions. The BDD/P3MT sensor accurately measured TPCs in green tea, rooibos tea, and black tea samples, with green tea exhibiting the highest TPC levels. The results demonstrate the potential of the modified BDD electrode for the rapid and accurate detection of phenolic compounds in tea, with implications for quality control and antioxidant activity assessments. The prolific publications of the past decade have established BDD electrodes as robust BDD sensors for quantifying polyphenols. Fruits, vegetables, nuts, plant-derived beverages such as tea and wine, traditional Eastern remedies and various herbal nutritional supplements contain phenolic chemicals. The safety concerns of contaminated food intake are significant health concerns worldwide, as there exists a critical nexus between food safety, nutrition, and food security. It has been well established that green tea polyphenol consumption promotes positive health effects. Despite their potential benefits, consuming high amounts of these polyphenols has sparked debate due to concerns over potential negative consequences.

The Power of the Underutilized and Neglected Medicinal Plants and Herbs of the Middle East.

The Middle east and North Africa harbour many native species with pharmaceutical and nutraceutical potential. Since the beginning of history, food and herbal medicinal plants have been an essential part of human lives and the traditional Middle Eastern healthcare system. The notable medicinal plants that have been mentioned in the Bible, which are common in West Asia and some regions of North Africa, are Aloe vera, anise, balm, cassia, cinnamon, cumin, flax, and fig. Chemical components of Aloe vera are aloin, sinapinic acid, catechin, chromone, myricetin, quercitrin and syringic acid. Anethole, safrole, and estragole are the main chemical components of anise. The chemical components of cassia are coumarin, emodin, cinnamyl alcohol, and cinnamaldehyde. The major chemical ingredients of cumin are terpinene, cuminaldehyde, sabinene, thujene, and thymoquinone. The goal of this article is to review the considerable health benefits and pharmaceutical benefits of medicinal herbs and plants that have been neglected and underutilized in the Middle East and North Africa, as well as to promote their utilization. On the basis of the results, the experimented neglected medicinal plant can offer various advantages when used together with conventional medicinal treatments for various health conditions, such as palliative care in managing the side effects of conventional treatments, access to a wider range of treatments, increased patient satisfaction, and improved emotional and mental well-being. Moreover, consuming medicinal plants may help to manage and prevent diabetes, cancer, and heart disease with notable anti-tumor, and anti-inflammatory properties.

“KOREAN WAVE” AS A MASSIVE POPULAR CULTURAL PHENOMENON OF THE MODERN TIME

Nowadays, young people from all over the world are fascinated by the mass popular culture of South Korea. This process of spread of Korean culture in the world came to be called “Korean current” or “Korean wave”, which became a kind of “Korean cultural boom”. The spread of the “Korean wave” has been compared to a viral disease that first spread throughout East Asia, then Southeast Asia, and eventually engulfed the entire world. Despite the fact that the phenomenon of the “Korean wave” had a sufficient public resonance, due to its novelty and unexpected emergence, it remains an understudied subject of scientific study, especially in the West and in particular in Ukraine. That is why the topic of this study is relevant nowadays. The aim of the article to investigate the mass cultural phenomenon “Korean wave”, to analyze its sources and dynamics of development, to characterize its inherent features, to determine the aspects of its spread and popularization, to investigate its influence on world society and culture, as well as to find out the peculiarities of its influence on the consciousness of the masses. The research methodology is based on a philosophical and cultural analysis of such a mass phenomenon of modern artistic culture as the “Korean wave”. When writing the work, we tried to adhere to the principles of objectivism, systematicity, comprehensiveness and multifactoriality. To comply with these principles, we used a number of general scientific and special methods in the research: comparative-historical, axiological, phenomenological, logical, retrospective, analytical-synthetic, socio-critical, systemic, structural-functional, generalizing and statistical. Adherence to these principles and methods made it possible to avoid bias and tendencies in judgments. Results. Such a mass cultural phenomenon as the “Korean wave” is a kind of entanglement of opposite principles: modern Western (progressive-innovative) and traditional Eastern (Confucian) cultural values. It manifests itself in the spread of fashion to everything Korean (or to be more precise, South Korean): not only K-pop, dramas, toys, clothes and other types of South Korean entertainment industry, but also Korean cuisine, household items, etc. In the past, despite the geographical proximity and cultural connectivity, for political reasons the countries of Asia largely suppressed cultural exchanges among themselves. China, Korea and Japan began to develop cultural ties between themselves relatively recently. It should also be noted that South Korea is a country that was previously considered a cultural periphery in international exchanges, now it plays an important role in the regionalization of mass culture as a whole in East and Southeast Asia and the product produced by it is considered a center of mass culture and one of the ways of cultural exchange throughout Asia. Conclusions. To sum up, we can say that the great popularity of the “Korean wave” is a kind of leap in the modern culture of South Korea. This phenomenon is represented not only by the synthesis of modern Western (European-American) culture and traditional Eastern (Korean), but also by the fact that in our time it has turned into a powerful locomotive of the entire South Korean economy, a kind of “dragon’s head”. The phenomenon of the “Korean wave” helps to raise the level of the image of South Korea as a prosperous country, and also visually demonstrates the modern South Korean culture to the world. The “Korean Wave” demonstrates to other countries in Asia and to the whole world in general that South Korea is not a periphery in our time, it is no longer a third world country, and it is as modern an urbanized country as most of the developed countries of the West, which has not only modernized its culture, but also spread it, and even managed to influence other countries and their cultures.

THE SEVEN-LEVEL HUMAN AS A BASIS FOR UNDERSTANDING HEALTH

The health crisis is deepening due to the lack of a holistic view of the human being, necessitating a reevaluation of approaches to holistic health, transcending the medieval notion of the unity of spirit, soul, and body, which remains relevant to this day. A deeper understanding of the holistic essence of humans and their health can be found in the seven-level system, references to which are found in ancient Eastern traditions. In Western culture, the concept of sevenfoldness is also present in the works of medieval mystics, particularly the German thinker Jakob Böhme. The purpose of this article is to analyze the seven qualities of the Spirit, described by Böhme as his empirical experience of knowing God, which can serve as the basis for the concept of the seven-level structure of humans and their health. The analysis of the divine qualities described by Böhme, such as cold, heat, bitterness, sweetness, acidity, and saltiness, showed that separately, under certain conditions, they can cause human diseases. The seven types of Spirit classified by Böhme combine primary qualities into flexible, changing fluid groups that form certain states and can serve as the basis for the structuring of the seven-level human. Each of these seven qualities has its structure: each subsequent one absorbs and is based on the previous one. The first three qualities correspond to the earthly manifestation of humans in the physical, emotional, and active spheres of life. The fourth quality has a dual nature and combines the earthly and heavenly manifestations of the Spirit, while the three higher qualities define the higher spiritual triad, which, presumably, corresponds to the triune higher values that require further research. The analysis of Böhme’s works also showed that the lower qualities are reflected in the higher ones, being similar to them and at the same time opposite. Such a system can serve as a starting point for further studies of the structure of human wholeness and health, integrating the empirical experience of mystics and alchemists into the modern scientific context.

Japanese Philosophy as the Result of History of the National Spiritual Tradition

This article explores the essence of Japanese philosophy, which has evolved through the convergence of various intellectual traditions, including Shintoism, Buddhism, Confucianism, and Taoism. These spiritual foundations have deeply influenced Japanese self-perceptions, societal relations, and governance structures. Employing a dialectical method combined with the principle of complementarity, this study examined the development of Japanese philosophy, particularly during the Meiji (1868-1912) and Taisho (1912-1925) periods, highlighting the integration of Western philosophical ideas. Key contributions from thinkers such as Nishida Kitaro, who sought to merge Western concepts with Eastern traditions, are discussed. This study also emphasizes the importance of traditional Japanese arts and bodily synthesis in shaping philosophical thought. The unique ability of Japanese philosophy to adapt and transform diverse intellectual traditions is a central theme, illustrating its capacity to generate new meanings and approaches. The continuous influence of medieval categories and modern developments showcases a holistic approach that integrates both old and new perspectives. This adaptability is crucial in addressing contemporary issues such as the interaction between information culture and historical spiritual traditions. The study concludes that the flexibility and integrative nature of Japanese philosophy, exemplified by figures such as Nishida Kitaro and Imamichi Tomonobu, remain vital for contemporary philosophical discourse.

The Dialectic of Teleological Journeys

Researchers’ attention has been drawn to parallels between Homer’s Odyssey and the Epic of Gilgamesh. However, hitherto, no connections have been observed between Kazantzakis’s Sequel and the Mesopotamian work. Convergent are the primary motivations and actions undertaken by the protagonists of both poems, particularly their “peregrinations” to the boundaries of the world, dictated by eschatological anxieties. Moreover, the hero of Kazantzakis’s Sequel undergoes a transformation analogous to the legendary ruler of Uruk: under the influence of concerns, the proud kings opt for solitary wanderings, which results in better self-understanding and higher axiological awareness. The comparison of symbols, such as the sun, fire, lightning, the Water of Life and Death, and theriomorphic allegories, indicates Kazantzakis’s utilization of numerous intermediary sources stemming from the ancient Near Eastern tradition. An additional aim of the article is to indicate interpretative possibilities of books describing the wanderings of the Odyssean spirit after abandoning the project of building the “ideal city,” as versions of ars moriendi: the art of overcoming the fear of death.

Challenges and tasks of the philosophy of physical culture and sports, sports science in modern socio-political conditions

The scientific problem lies in the discrepancy between the self-reflective Western and Eastern traditions of the philosophy of sport and the very real sports process and sports science, and, by and large, the classical understanding of the scope and content of the concept of philosophy as such. The relevance of the study lies in the need to eliminate or «remove» this discrepancy, which at three levels openly complicates the development of the philosophy of sport: firstly, as a philosophy in the classical sense of the word; secondly, as a scientific philosophy; and thirdly, as a scientific philosophy of sports and sports science, and not existential, irrational, hermeneutic and other ideas and experiences about philosophizing thoughts about something vaguely reminiscent of them. The purpose of the study is to construct and briefly justify a classification of the scientific philosophy of sports and sports science from the standpoint of classical philosophy and a dialectical-materialistic worldview, as well as to indicate a short list of its main tasks in the current situation of aggravated military-political confrontation between Russia, East and West. The methodology and organization of the study are based on a comprehensive historical, philosophical and scientific theoretical and comparative analysis, including general scientific operations of grouping, systematization, abstraction, idealization and logical operations of defining and dividing concepts, induction, deduction, analogy, determining truth, proof and refutation, constructing a hypothesis. Research results and conclusions. Gradually but steadily growing since the beginning of the 21st century, global changes in the modern socio-political picture of the world are increasingly clearly and rapidly entailing equally significant changes in education and science (including specialized ones). This article presents a system for constructing the philosophy of sport and sports science, which provides a solution to the full range of modern problems of philosophical analysis and scientific research of sport as: • social phenomenon and institution; • cultural and civilizational mechanism of social evolution of humanity; • a mechanism for preserving and improving a person in his inherent parameters of a social and psychophysiological being; • an outpost for preventing the processes of human deanthropolization. It is easy to notice that this system of constructing the philosophy of sport and sports science in many aspects and in terms of system-forming factors differs significantly from its predecessors, at the same time serving as the basis for their scientific and philosophical criticism — criticism that substantiates the urgent need for a radical restructuring of the entire edifice of the philosophy of physical culture and sports, based on from the modern socio-political challenges addressed to her.

РУССКИЙ СИБИРЯК В НЕСОВМЕСТИМОЙ СОВМЕСТИМОСТИ ЗАПАДА И ВОСТОКА

The history of “Russian Eurasia” represents a variant of the formation of a socio-cultural community of Russian Siberians in the process of adaptation of the population to the challenges of the factors of the new environment. The natural, social, ethnocultural characteristics of the Siberian region were transformed under the influence of factors of Russian material and spiritual culture. At the same time, within the culture of the first Russian generations of Siberia and in the consciousness of its bearers, changes in conformity with the environment took place according to the feedback principle of small impulses of “micromutations”. During the XVII–XVIII centuries the results of the mutual adaptation of the society of Russian old-timers and the environment was the formation of a new “place of development”, sub-ethnic identity, self-awareness and character. Mentality and traditions in the process of cultural adaptation in the 18th–19th centuries are fixed in cultural traditions in the recombination of mutations that underwent natural selection at the level of genetic programs and the structure of ethnic constants. The society of old-timers continuously socialized new settlers into their midst. The stage-by-stage dynamics of adaptation contained stages of material, social and psychological “getting used to” them in the community of Russian old-timers. The process of one and a half centuries of adaptation to an extreme environment transformed the traditional irrational, sensory-emotional “worldview” into the rational, pragmatic psychology of “western man.” A process in which rational “thought gave birth” to stereotypes of an active, pragmatic transformer of the world. At the same time, in the value attitudes of the Orthodox-pagan worldview of the world, the attitudes of conscientiousness, humility, sympathy, mercy, and compassion increased compensatoryly among the old-timers. These value factors, according to Russian and generally Eastern traditions, were determined by the concept of “soul”. In the postulates of Russian culture, this factor is reflected in the saying “The soul gives birth to character.”Hence, the harsh realities of physical adaptation of the old-timers formed in them external behavioral rationality, the origins of psychological attitudes go back to Slavic-Russian ethnic spirituality. As a result of the ethnopsychological analysis, the author of the paper made an innovative conclusion: the incompatibility of the civilizational poles of rationality and spirituality was overcome by the formation of the quality of moral rationality in the character of the Russian Siberian.

Environmental ethics and ancient philosophy: A complicated affair

This article provides a comprehensive review of the rather intricate relationship between contemporary environmental ethics, understood as a philosophical branch, and ancient philosophy . While its primary focus is on Western philosophy, it also includes some brief yet crucial considerations about the influence of Eastern traditions of thought on environmental ethics. Aside from the introduction in the first section, the discussion is organised into three main sections. In the Reception: Ancient philosophy in environmental ethics section, I review the initial reception of ancient philosophy in contemporary environmental ethics. Next, in the Reaction: Environmental ethics in ancient philosophy scholarship section, I examine how the scholarship in AP responded to this early reception. I conclude, in the final section, with some constructive suggestions for future research.

Bukhoor and the Sunnah of Rasulullah: Implementation of Islamic Values in the Traditions of Middle Eastern Societ

This journal explains Bukhoor and the Sunnah of Rasulullah: the implementation of Islamic values in the traditions of Middle Eastern society. Bukhoor is a fragrant fragrance and the Sunnah of the Prophet. Bukhoor is a Middle Eastern tradition performed every year in Saudi Arabia. This research aims to understand the implementation of Islamic values in the traditions of Middle Eastern society. This type of research is qualitative, using interview guidelines, namely observation, documentation, and interviews. The source or origin of this research data is the results of interviews with several ustadz or students who applied it. The results of this research are that burning or implementing bukhoor often occurs in daily life or at recitations and majlis by ustadz or ustadzah, Islamic students. They often implement bukhoor when they are stressed and burning it can make them sleep more soundly, the time for burning bukhoor is usually on Friday night during the grand dhikr which is carried out because of the initiative of the teacher council at Dayah Raudhatul Jannah, because Friday night is a blessed night and bukhoor is the sunnah of Rasulullah, therefore they burned it. Researchers hope for further references or insights for readers as well as suggestions and criticism that can influence this research. The conclusion from this research is that there is an ayah in the Dayah Raudhatul Jannah which implements bukhoor whether in daily life or at majlis