Eastern Region Of Ukraine Research Articles

Processing of heavy high-viscosity oil mixtures from the eastern region of Ukraine: technological aspects

The article presents an analysis of reserves and processing of heavy high-viscosity crude oils in Ukraine and the world. A study of the physicochemical properties of heavy high-viscosity oils from the Yablunivske field, Poltava region of Ukraine, taken from various wells was conducted. For further research in order to develop a basic manufacturing scheme for the processing of heavy high-viscosity oils, a mixture of heavy high-viscosity oils from the Yablunivske field was used in certain ratios and its physicochemical properties were determined. As a result of the vacuum distillation of a mixture of heavy high-viscosity oils, the following products were obtained: broad gasoline fraction (fraction boiled up to 2000C), broad diesel fraction (fraction 200–3600C) and the rest of the process (fraction >3600C). An analysis of the physicochemical properties of the prepared fractions was also carried out. It was established that the products obtained from the mixture of heavy high-viscosity oils of the Yablunivske field can be used as raw materials for the production of commercial gasoline and diesel fuels. The rest of the process can serve as raw materials for the production of road bitumen. According to the analysis of the physicochemical properties of the products obtained by vacuum distillation of a mixture of heavy high-viscosity oils, the basics of the processing technology of a mixture of heavy high-viscosity oils of the Yablunivske field were developed. In particular, a manufacturing scheme and a flow chart of the process were proposed, and the material balance was calculated.

Current Tendencies Analysis of Coffee Industry in Ukraine

Topicality.The popularity of coffee industry is high. This business is actively developing in Ukraine. A coffee shop is an establishment where the high quality of the product, as well as the development of coffee consumption culture are always in the first place. An important component is the commercial activity on which the coffee industry is built. This is an indicator of the right culture: more often Ukrainians prefer coffee in some cafe or restaurant, or even takeaway, instead of home or office coffee. However, COVID 19 pandemic affected the decrease in visits by Ukrainians to coffee shops, cafes, restaurants and other catering establishments. The main share of coffee consumption is an imported product. Ukrainian production is formed by manufacturers who import coffee beans as a raw material, and in Ukraine they roast, receive, package, produce an article without caffeine, and sell it under their own brand. The fiercest competition is typical in low segments of coffee drinks and grains.
 The aim of the study and its methods. The purpose of this article is to analyse the current state of Ukrainian coffee industry. When conducting the research, general scientific methods have been applied: scientific and theoretical elaborations of blighty and foreign scientists, informational materials of statistical and reference publications, analysis, synthesis, generalisation, comparison.
 Results. The article analyses the current state of coffee industry in Ukraine. The greatest producers of coffee and the most popular brands of grain and ground coffee in Ukraine have been characterised. The structure of coffee consumption in Ukraine by types and in quantitative indicators has been analysed. It has been noted that Ukrainian coffee industry is represented by a large number of small operators who open their mobile coffee shops in places with high traffic. This is due to small initial investments, a short payback period, and the possibility to change the location. Since the tendencies of the world coffee market have a significant impact on coffee industry in Ukraine, the demand is also growing steadily. The amount of coffee import in Ukraine exceeded the volume of exports. In 2020, the scope of export reached 15,0 million dollars, USA, while in 2021 it increased to 15,9 million dollars, USA. The amount of import increased from 251,3 million dollars, USA in 2020 to 266,7 million dollars, USA in 2021. The import of coffee beans is aimed at meeting domestic consumers’ needs. Ukraine is completely dependent on import, due to the non-compliance with natural and climatic conditions, because growing coffee on the territory of Ukraine is impossible.
 Conclusions and discussion. So, in the course of this study, it has been established that coffee industry in Ukraine is developing more actively and even creating competition. A significant place in the restaurant industry is occupied by coffee shops, which increase competition and increase the quality of provided services. Modern coffee shops are restaurant establishments where coffee is made at a new level, with an individual approach to each guest. The current types of restaurant industry establishments are multi-format, so the creation of a national coffee shop is one of the advertising means of our country. Cafes with 3–4 seats are gaining popularity in Kyiv. On the other hand, recently, popular “to go” coffee shops are losing their market key positions. The market of coffee industry is going to grow, and become saturated after the end of the full-scale war. The infrastructure is going to be restored, and the restaurant industry has all the chances to be developed in the eastern region of Ukraine.

Interdependence and biodiversity of pathogens in intestinal channel parasitocenoses of chickens in the eastern region of Ukraine

Changes in the forms of management, the concentration of poultry in limited territories lead to a violation of homeostasis in biotopes and parasitic systems. The research aimed to find out the peculiarities of distribution, biodiversity, and interdependence of pathogens in parasitocenoses of the intestinal tract of chickens in the Eastern region of Ukraine. According to the results of research, the biodiversity of pathogens in parasitocenoses of the chicken intestinal tract in poultry farms in the Eastern region of Ukraine has been determined. 17 species of pathogens were identified, including 10 species of protists (from Apicomplexa and Zoomastygophora), and 7 species of helminths: 5 species from Nematoda, 2 species from Cestoda. The influence of breeding technologies and systems of keeping chickens on the prevalence, biodiversity of parasitocenoses, species indices of parasitocenosis (SIP, %), and correlations between components of parasitocenoses have been determined. For the industrial technology of raising chickens in cages, the parasitocenosis was formed by 6 species of Eimeria (SIP — 100%, prevalence — 15.72%). When poultry was kept on a deep when kept on a deep unchanging litter in the structure of the parasitocenosis the share of eimeriosis was 87.72%, ascariasis — 12.28%. For the traditional extensive technology of raising chickens using pastures (farms and homestead farms), the prevalence in chickens was 64.07%. In the parasitocenosis of the intestinal tract in chickens there are relationships between pathogens — a high correlation between eimeriosis, histomonosis, trichomoniasis and helminthiasis (0.718–0.944) and between histomonosis, ascariasis, heterococcus and capillary (0.975–0.998), and a low correlation between histomonosis and trichomoniasis (0.449), which indicates the presence of synergetic (high correlation) and competitive (low correlation) relationships between the components of parasitocenoses of the intestinal tract

ROMNY SALT DOME STRUCTURE (DNIPRO-DONETS BASIN): GEOLOGICAL HISTORY AND HYDROCARBON POTENTIAL

The geological structure of the Romny salt dome and related the Romny oil field as the first discovered one in the Eastern region of Ukraine are described. The history of its discovery and development of the field are featured. The geological and geophysical study of this area is characterized. Under generalization of geological and geophysical data, paleotectonic and peleogeothermal reconstructions on the Romny structure derived from the results of drilling of Gerasymivska-1 exploration well. The cyclic intermittent development of the salt dome structure is demonstrated. It is proved that the upper intersalt Frasnian source rocks could generate hydrocarbons starting from the early Visean time. According to the results of seismic surveys the uplifted block is outlined in the area of the northern edge of the salt dome. The presence of hydrocarbon pools in of the Visean and Serpukhovian granular reservoirs as well as in the salt breccia is predicted applying seismic attributes analysis for this block. The carbonate reservoirs of the lower part of the Bashkirian sequence, the productivity of which is established at the nearest located Velyki Bubny field, can be potentially oil and gas-bearing.

Las operaciones de información rusas en el conflicto del este de Ucrania

La caída de la URSS precipitó un cambio progresivo en las relaciones entre los países que habían formado parte del aparato estatal del gigante euroasiático. La evolución de este proceso, en el marco del espacio post-soviético, se ha encontrado significativamente marcada por la gestión de la información en los escenarios resultantes de los conflictos de interés surgidos a raíz de las disputas territoriales, que emergieron en el nuevo mapa de Europa del Este. La cuestión nacional ucraniana ha sido uno de los capítulos protagonistas de las páginas de Internacional en los medios de comunicación a nivel global. Los hechos que han acontecido en torno a la guerra del Dombás, continúan siendo, hoy en día, un tema recurrente en la prensa. En este contexto, las operaciones de información han resultado un factor de especial relevancia a la hora de influir en el desarrollo de los acontecimientos, para favorecer una determinada agenda política y generar un estado de opinión que permita facilitar los movimientos estratégicos de los actores intervinientes. La Federación de Rusia, como heredera del legado que dejó tras de sí la Unión Soviética, cuenta con numerosos intereses en la región oriental de Ucrania. Frente a su postura, se encuentra la política desplegada desde Kiev en los últimos años, que experimenta un paulatino acercamiento a la Unión Europea y al conjunto de Occidente. El presente trabajo estudia las técnicas de propaganda rusas aplicadas al conflicto ucraniano, el uso de la desinformación como táctica de guerra híbrida y su posible efectividad, de acuerdo con el estatus actual de las autoproclamadas repúblicas de Donetsk y Lugansk.

Peculiarities of bee breeding influence in mixed form of infectious diseases with varroatosis in the conditions of greenhouse of bees

The article presents data on our study of the epizootiological situation in apiaries with a mixed form of bee diseases in greenhouses of farms in Sumy region. The data showed that of the previously identified infectious diseases of bees, which are one of the most common in the world – it's actually 4–5 major diseases, of which we studied American rot and ascospherosis, which are manifested in a mixed form with varroasis. Effective control of infectious diseases and early preventive work by a beekeeper in apiaries is a guarantee of a prepared strong bee family both for honey collection and preparation of a bee nest for wintering. Earlier, we conducted a study to monitor the epizootic situation of mixed infectious diseases of bees in the north – eastern region of Ukraine, where a large part of the epizootic was due to ascospherosis American and European rot in field work of bees. But in greenhouse conditions, where high humidity and crowding of bees increases the likelihood of damage by both American rot and ascospherosis. Given these factors, there was a suspicion of a synergistic effect of contamination of bee colonies with the above diseases indoors, damp and isolated. Which led us to the necessary detailed study of these diseases in the greenhouse of bee colonies in the Sumy region in the winter – spring periods of 2020. When examining some samples of printed brood, it was found that, with a strong degree of invasion of varroasis, favorable conditions were created for the accumulation of purulent mass at a sufficiently high level when Bac resistance. Larvae White increased to adverse factors and allowed to affect both weakened and healthy larvae, and with low resistance to developing bees associated with extreme greenhouse conditions and the presence of varroa mites, can sometimes affect bee pupae. After analyzing the results of research, we found that varroa mites contribute to the high development of American rot and ascospherosis in all its forms and witness the role of varroa mites as a factor influencing the intensity of the infectious process in closed and open brood of bee nests.

Механізм впровадження кластерної моделі постконфліктного розвитку туризму Луганської обл.

The topical issue of post-conflict development of Eastern territories of Ukraine by means of tourism is considered. It is proved that tourism can become one of the mentors of the economic revival of the Eastern region of Ukraine in the post-conflict period. It is proposed to create tourism clusters in the Luhansk region, which will contribute not only to the development of tourism but above all, to the solution of significant socio-economic problems of the territory, namely: reduce unemployment in rural settlements of the Northern parts of the region and help to improve the lives of the local population. The structural and logical scheme of the tourist cluster is presented, which contains the minimum conditions for its creation: active businessmen, the authority; the safe territory. The presence of these conditions has to be confirmed by the desire of all participants to actively cooperate in the team to achieve a common goal. The algorithm for creating a tourism cluster, which contains seven interrelated stages, the observance of which guarantees the success of the case, has been improved. It is proved on the basis of the performed analysis of the existence of minimum conditions that in the Luhansk region they are in some Northern areas. Based on this, the map “Prospects for creation of tourist clusters of Luhansk region” was developed, and it was proposed to create four promising tourist cluster: “Bilovodsk region”, “Kremin region”, “Novopskov region” and “Starobilsk region”. Presented analysis of conditions of creation of tourist clusters in four districts of the Luhansk region: “Belovodsk region”, “Kremin region”, “Novopskov region” and “Starobilsk region”, proves this necessity in each of them. The most prepared for the creation of a tourist cluster was the Kremіn district, which is already a leader in the region in many economic indicators. The obtained results and experience in the Northern territories of the Luhansk region can be applied in the neighbouring Donetsk region, as well as in the future in the southern parts of both regions during the reintegration period. The post-conflict territory needs innovative, latest, quick solutions for development, so the creation of tourism clusters plays an important strategic role in this process. Key words: post-conflict development, tourism cluster, post-conflict territory, tourism.

Blacksmithing Art in the Eastern Ukraine as a Component Part of Ukrainian Cultural Process

The development of art and craft of blacksmithing in the Eastern region of Ukraine, specifically in Poltava, Kharkiv, Dnipropetrovsk, and Donetsk oblasts has been analysed. The study of the blacksmithing in Donetsk city and Donetsk oblast was limited to the second half of the 19th century and up to the 2014. The progress of blacksmithing at the temporarily occupied and uncontrolled territories of Ukraine has not been researched by the author. The article focuses on the unique piece blacksmithing art of the national and global scale — Mertsalov palm tree. In 1900 Mertsalov palm tree was displayed at the 1900 Paris Exposition in the pavilion of the coal society. In 1999 the first copy of the Mertsalov palm tree was mounted in Donetsk. This latter palm tree was forged by the Donetsk-based smith Serhiy Kaspruk along with his son Oleh. Mertsalov palm tree became the first contemporary art piece turning the public attention not only to the artwork itself, but to the producing enterprise as well. From the contemporary marketing viewpoint the forged palm tree on display was an event of unprecedented global scope. Mertsalov palm tree was a starting point for the development of blacksmithing art in the Eastern Ukraine that survived the decay during the harsh 20th century and was revived during the early 1980s.

Characterisation of a newly isolated SVCV strain in Ukraine

Spring Viraemia of Carp Virus (SVCV) has been well documented since the 1960s. This virus infection generally results in an acute haemorrhagic syndrome with septicaemia and associated high mortality. During a fish health inspection in carp farms in the Eastern region of Ukraine, SVCV was isolated from yearlings of the common carp Cyprinus carpio. For virus isolation and characterisation, methods of cell culture, EM, PCR, and sequencing were used. Preliminary examination of infected fish revealed a range of lesions, particularly in spleen and kidney tissues. The virus grew in fish cell lines of FHM and EPC with infectious titre of 106.2–6.5 and 106.9–7.4 TCID50/ml, respectively. Investigation by electron microscopy demonstrated that ultrastructurally the isolated virus was similar to rhabdoviruses. Virions were non-enveloped with a typical bullet profile, approximately 80 to 180 nm in length and 60 to 90 nm in diameter. In addition, the nucleotide sequence of the glycoprotein gene G fragment in size of 579 base pairs was analysed. The nucleotide sequence was registered at GenBank under the accession number MH043331. The phylogenetic analysis revealed a close relationship of East Ukrainian isolates of SVCV with sequences that represent the strains from genogroup Ib.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ РОБОТИ РЕГІОНАЛЬНОЇ ТРАНСПОРТНО-ТЕХНОЛОГІЧНОЇ СИСТЕМИ НА ПРИКЛАДІ МОРСЬКОГО ПОРТУ

There are various enterprises of metallurgical, machine-building, mining and agricultural enterprises operating in the East Ukrainian region. Seaports are the center and link of regionaltransport and technological systems. Agro-industrial enterprises of the region receive or ship products or raw materials of their own production, technological equipment through the seaport, aimed at meeting the requirements of consumers. What kind of products will be sent through the seaport depends on the operation of the entire transport and technological system, above all the work of its transport, loading and unloading and storage facilities. The port of Mariupol is conveniently located at the junction of transport corridors, in the center of the largest industrial and agrarian region in the east of Ukraine. The port technological and technological system closely cooperates with the main types of transport, providing cargo overload in the Eastern region of Ukraine as a whole. The transport and technological system of the seaport is an intermodal node that operates to ensure the distribution and processing of cargo flows. The main cargoes for the East Ukrainian region have always been metal, coal, clay, grain, general cargo, containers and others. When evaluating system performance, one or more mathematical models that solve certain problems must be used as its characteristics. The presented model will be valid for some specific system, the system features are determined by the regression coefficients. When changing some elements of the system or their parameters, the coefficients of its model must change accordingly. In some cases, new variables (elements) of the system may appear, their interaction, and also the form of relations of elements in the system may change. The mass of goods that pass through the transport and technological system is extremely heterogeneous in composition, and this circumstance prevents the establishment of stable technological regimes. Therefore, in calculations, often used indicative indicators that provide the basis and direction for making the right decisions. In connection with the introduction of new and further development of the existing transport and technological systems of seaports, the issue of assessing the effectiveness of transport in terms of ecology, reducing energy consumption, and personnel qualification becomes relevant. The interaction of all participants in the transport and technological system, as well as the internal relations between their elements, often creates problems, in particular, evaluating such multi-criteria transport systems taking into account various types of costs, measured in different indicators.

Correction of auto-aggressive trends as a link to the psychoneurological model of adaptation of patients with demyelinizing pathology

In this article, we analyzed current data on autoaggression in patients with demyelinating pathology. We noted that the issues of neuropsychiatric adaptation and rehabilitation of patients with demyelinating pathology remain acutely relevant to date. An important place in the package of measures for the early detection of disorders in the emotional sphere is occupied by studies of aggression, in particular, unconscious aggression, which under certain conditions can acquire an autoaggressive orientation. It has been established that there is no information on the severity of unconscious aggression in patients with multiple sclerosis of the Ukrainian population, which are important for identifying targets for the prevention of suicidal activity. The article presents the results of the “Hand-test” method for residents of the Eastern region of Ukraine with a remitting type of multiple sclerosis (RT MS) who were treated at the Institute of Neurology, Psychiatry and Narcology of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine (n = 71). The study was carried out in connection with the task of improving the neuropsychiatric model of adaptation and rehabilitation of patients based on the early identification of autoagression prevention targets. The tendency to aggressive behavior was assessed by comparing the trends reflecting the readiness for aggressive behavior, as well as the trends that suggest cooperation. We have identified difficulties in the field of social contacts, which can find expression in being fenced off from others and formalism in relationships. We have identified such a psychodiagnostic profile in which, against the background of increased unconscious aggression, indicators of dependence and personality immaturity dominate. This combination carries a potential threat to the realization of an auto-aggressive trend. The study, which was conducted, revealed a general increased tendency to manifest aggressiveness in the examined patients. Patients intensely felt a sense of dependence, helplessness, subordination, and at the same time did not realize their aggression; this was identified by us as a target of prevention of potential suicidal activity. The study, identification and further correction of unconscious behavioral trends is an important part of the neuropsychiatric model of adaptation of patients with demyelinating pathology.

Influence of irrigation with wastewater from pig complex on properties of typical chernozem

The research was carried out in arid eastern region of Ukraine, on fields with perennial irrigation of typical chernozem with wastewater of pig complex. It was shown that under the influence of watering the soil with wastewater of pig complex, which contains a high quantity of sodium and potassium, these elements are displaced calcium from the soil complex. At the top of the humus horizon mesosubprofile is formed by the clay-differentiated type, with a disaggregated solonetseous and eluviated over solonetz layers. The addition of a lot of nitrogen to the soil does not lead to an increase in the content of its mineral forms. Moreover, their number is sharply reduced, probably due to the washing of nitrate and the absorption of ammonium forms. The enormous amount of potassium alkali entering the soils with irrigated sewage of the pig complex, together with a certain amount of sodium, does not change the reaction of the soil environment into a dangerous alkaline side. After the cessation of irrigation, the composition of the exchange cations partially acquires the primary ratios, and the nitrate nitrogen content rises sharply, however, the solonetz horizon remained unchanged. Formed in the dry conditions of typical chernozems, were unstable under the action of intensive moistening the wastewater of the pig complex. It is also showed that the technologies of intensive «sprinkling» using aggregates of the «Fregat» type destroy the water-physical properties of the soil. Consequently, an efficient system of utilization of wastewater of livestock complexes, in particular pig farms by irrigation of soils, has negative consequences deterioration of their properties. Production recommendations are provided.

REGRESSION MODELS OF INDIVIDUAL LINEAR SIZES OF MOLARS DEPENDING ON THE FEATURES OF CEPHALOMETRIC INDICES IN PRACTICALLY HEALTHY MEN OF THE WESTERN AND EASTERN REGIONS OF UKRAINE

Restoration of missing teeth should be done as close as possible to the natural anatomical features of the person's tooth-jaw apparatus. That is why the problem of aesthetics in dentistry has ceased to be only orthopedic and has shifted towards a constitutional and ethnic odontology. The purpose of the study is to construct and carry out analyzes obtained by regression analysis, models of computed-tomographic size of molars, depending on the features of cephalometric indices of practically healthy men of the Western and Eastern regions of Ukraine. A computed-tomographic study of molars with the following odontometry and cephalometry of 36 practically healthy men of the Western region of Ukraine – residents of Volyn, Rivne, Lviv, Chernivtsi, Ternopil, Khmelnytskyi, Transcarpathian and Ivano-Frankivsk regions and 35 men of the Eastern region of Ukraine - residents of Kharkiv, Donetsk and Luhansk regions was performed with the help of the Dental Cone-ray Tomography Veraviewepocs-3D (Morita, Japan). Regression models of linear sizes of molars, depending on cephalometric indices, were conducted using the statistical software package Statistica 6.1. As a result of the conducted research, reliable models of computed-tomographic size of the upper and lower jaws molars were constructed in practically healthy men of the Western [7 models of mesio-distal dimensions (R2 = 0.532-0.646), most of which include sagittal arc (12.5%), outer-eye width, nose depth, distance between nasion and inter-cutter point, body length of the lower jaw on the left, largest head circumference and maximum head length (by 7.5%); 6 models of vestibular-tongue dimensions (R2 = 0.527-0.646), which most often include nasal depth (20.0%), body length of the lower jaw to the left (16.0%), physiological face length and morphological face length (by 12.0%); 1 model of crown height (R2 = 0.579)] as well as Eastern [3 models of crown height (R2 = 0.538-0.682), which most often include nose depth (15.0%), face type, physiological face length, morphological face length, smallest width head and sagittal arc (by 10.0%); 2 models of mesio-distal sizes (R2 = 0.572 and 0.556), which most often include inter eye fossa width (15.4%)] regions of Ukraine. Thus, in practically healthy men from the Western and Eastern administrative-territorial regions of Ukraine, based on the specifics of cephalometric indicators and face type, reliable regression models (with determination coefficient R2 greater than 0.5) of computed-tomographic size of molars of the upper and lower jaws (out of 40 possible 14 for the western and 5 for the eastern regions of Ukraine).

PCR-screening of clinical blood samples the presence of BLV-, BIV-, BFV-infected animals in the farms of the eastern region of Ukraine

Retrovirus infections of cattle, including leukemia, are widespread in the whole world. In Ukraine, leukemia has been investigated for over 40 years, whereas minor retroviruses of cattle have not been studied yet. Aim. PCR-screening of samples of bovine peripheral blood, subject to diagnostic studies of leukemia, from the farms in the Eastern Ukraine (Kharkiv and Sumy regions). Methods. The genetic material of agents of retroviral infections in clinical samples was detected via conventional PCR and real-time PCR. Results of Investiga- tions. The presence of BLV-, BIV-, BFV-infected animals among livestock was established. The number of animals, infected with leukemia, was 57–100 % from the total number of examined livestock on average. The presence of genetic material of BIV virus was either not detected at all, or detected in the amount of 62 % from the number of tested animals. At the same time, the presence of genetic material of BFV was in the range of 61.5–81 % from the total number of studied samples. A possible connection between the viruses of leukemia, immunodefi ciency and foamy virus of cattle, circulating among the livestock in the farms of the Eastern region of Ukraine, was also established. Conclusions. The presence of genetic material of immunodefi ciency virus in the leukemia-positive samples was insignifi cant – only 4 samples, whereas the presence of the foamy virus in the leukemia-positive samples was detected in 51 samples, which was 3 % and 42 % from the total number of investigated samples respectively. The absence of leukemia virus in the blood samples, containing the DNAs of two other minor retroviruses, was detected in one sample (0.8 %). The simultaneous presence of all three agents of retroviral infections was established in 36 samples (30 %).

Ecological and economic aspects of by-pass water deposits use in the eastern oil region of Ukraine

Formulation of the problem. Oil deposits in the eastern region of Ukraine are confined to the upper zone of the lower hydrogeological floor (zone of stagnant regime). This zone lies at depths from 1.5 to 5.5 km, including most of the Paleozoic deposits, is characterized by the development of primary pore sandy-aleuric and cavernous-fractured carbonate reservoirs with high porosity and permeability in which broaching systems of formation, massive-reservoir and massive reservoirs are filled with sedimentogenic brines.Most of the deposits are depleted or are being developed in the final stages, in which, along with oil, there is also by-pass water in the extracted fluid.Factors affecting the environment during oil production are considered. The schemes of by-pass water impact on the environment are given.Results. In the article w show the urgency of stratal water use as hydromineral materials. Bromine, iodine, lithium are the main chemical components whose content defines water as a valuable raw material. Practical use of stratal water in Ukraine will increase the mineral resource base and reduce the impact on the environment.The authors analyze stages of the field development in terms of the extracted fluid water content. The water coefficient in produced fluid extracted on the oil field is the main element that increases the cost of oil. In the article the theory using stratal water is presented, which allows the transfer of these waters expenditure component in revenue.The authors describe theoretically "perfect" conditions in which the oil companies developing oil fields will work with profit. There are basic parameters that influence the overall profit of the company in terms of water production formation and considers in detail the income and expense components.Scientific novelty and practical significance. The article compares profitable work of the oil company without implementing related-field water as raw hydromineral. The authors graphically expressed how oil companies can increase their profits by using stratal water and keeping on development period. The paper determines that concentration of chemical components in water is the main indicator showing possible industrial development and building price on hydro- raw materials.

Epidemiology of psychiatric and alcohol disorders in Ukraine

This study presents the lifetime, 12-month, and 1-month prevalence estimates of nine psychiatric and alcohol disorders in Ukraine assessed as part of the World Health Organization (WHO) World Mental Health (WMH) research program. The Ukraine WMH survey is the first psychiatric epidemiologic study in a former Soviet Union country to administer a structured psychiatric interview to a nationally representative sample. In 2002, a national probability sample of 4,725 respondents ages 18 and older were interviewed with the WMH version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (WMH-CIDI). Prevalence estimates, age-of-onset curves, comorbidity, demographic and geographic risk factors, and treatment seeking were examined. Close to one third of the population experienced at least one Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) disorder in their lifetime, 17.6% experienced an episode in the past year, and 10.6% had a current disorder. There was no gender difference in the overall prevalence rates. In men, the most common diagnoses were alcohol disorders (26.5% lifetime) and mood disorders (9.7% lifetime); in women, they were mood disorders (20.8% lifetime) and anxiety disorders (7.9% lifetime). The odds ratios for most pairs of disorders were highly significant. Age of onset was primarily in the teens and early 20s. Age, education, and living in the Eastern region of Ukraine were significant risk factors across disorders, with respondents older than 50 years having the highest prevalence of mood disorder and the lowest prevalence of alcoholism and intermittent explosive disorder. Only a minority of respondents talked to a professional about their symptoms. Prevalence estimates of alcoholism among men and recent depression among women were higher in Ukraine than in comparable European surveys. The results argue for the need to develop and implement educational programs focused on the recognition and treatment of mental and alcohol disorders for the general population, psychiatrists, and general medical providers, who are the main source of mental health care.