Influence of irrigation with wastewater from pig complex on properties of typical chernozem

Abstract

The research was carried out in arid eastern region of Ukraine, on fields with perennial irrigation of typical chernozem with wastewater of pig complex. It was shown that under the influence of watering the soil with wastewater of pig complex, which contains a high quantity of sodium and potassium, these elements are displaced calcium from the soil complex. At the top of the humus horizon mesosubprofile is formed by the clay-differentiated type, with a disaggregated solonetseous and eluviated over solonetz layers. The addition of a lot of nitrogen to the soil does not lead to an increase in the content of its mineral forms. Moreover, their number is sharply reduced, probably due to the washing of nitrate and the absorption of ammonium forms. The enormous amount of potassium alkali entering the soils with irrigated sewage of the pig complex, together with a certain amount of sodium, does not change the reaction of the soil environment into a dangerous alkaline side. After the cessation of irrigation, the composition of the exchange cations partially acquires the primary ratios, and the nitrate nitrogen content rises sharply, however, the solonetz horizon remained unchanged. Formed in the dry conditions of typical chernozems, were unstable under the action of intensive moistening the wastewater of the pig complex. It is also showed that the technologies of intensive «sprinkling» using aggregates of the «Fregat» type destroy the water-physical properties of the soil. Consequently, an efficient system of utilization of wastewater of livestock complexes, in particular pig farms by irrigation of soils, has negative consequences deterioration of their properties. Production recommendations are provided.