Regions Of Earth Research Articles

Study of the possibility of obtaining quality wines from grapes of the Central Black Earth Region

Currently, import substitution, the presence of domestic quality products on the market, including alcoholic beverages, is an urgent direction in the food industry The technical grape variety "Isabella" is one of the most widespread in the Central Black Earth Region (CBER). The purpose of the work is to popularize the culture of wine consumption and saturate the food market of the CBER with high-quality wine materials and finished products. Objects of research were: five samples of the technical grape variety "Isabella" grown in different territories of the Voronezh, Belgorod, Lipetsk regions of the CBER: five samples of wine prepared from the above raw materials by the «red» method. When collecting grape raw materials, they were guided by the conditions of sugar content and acidity. The processing of grapes, the production of wine materials and finished wine was carried out according to the technological scheme for red table wine. As a result, the possibility of using the technical grape variety "Isabella" grown in the CBER is shown. The conditions of all five samples of grapes corresponded to the standards adopted in the wine production. According to the basic physico-chemical parameters, the obtained wine samples corresponded to the standards adopted for ordinary red semi-sweet wines. The evaluation of wine samples according to the indicator "Quantitative determination of trans-resveratrol" revealed a sample containing trans-resveratrol - a sample of wine № 4 obtained from grapes of the variety "Isabella" growing in the Lipetsk region, the city of Gryazi, Gryazinsky district. The content of trans-resveratrol in it was 0.143 mg/dm3. Resveratrol, having antioxidant activity, is of the greatest interest among biomolecules with nutraceutical properties in red wine. The separation and identification of trans-resveratrol was carried out using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with a detector on a diode matrix (DAD-3000 model, Thermo Scientific). The calibration curve was constructed using a standard sample at increasing concentrations. Further development of research are: to develop the technology of terroir wine, which differs from other wines produced in other geographical latitudes with appearance, taste, aroma, which will be formed due to the influence of external factors.

The spatial development strategy of agricultural land use in the Non-Black Earth economic zone of Russia

The article deals with the model of spatial development of agricultural land use, and the functions of land resources as well as the objective factors influencing the formation of land relations in the Non-Black Earth Region and the organization of land administration. A brief analysis of the main phenomena and processes in agricultural land use take place in this paper. The ways of development of agricultural land use as a means of production are considered here as well. The authors propose the forecast for the development of agricultural land use and formulate the goals, objectives and main directions of the strategy for the spatial development of agricultural land use. It is shown that the program-target scenario will be the most important in the development of agricultural land use in the Non-Black Earth Region of Russia.

Remote Sensing of Tundra Ecosystems Using High Spectral Resolution Reflectance: Opportunities and Challenges

AbstractObserving the environment in the vast regions of Earth through remote sensing platforms provides the tools to measure ecological dynamics. The Arctic tundra biome, one of the largest inaccessible terrestrial biomes on Earth, requires remote sensing across multiple spatial and temporal scales, from towers to satellites, particularly those equipped for imaging spectroscopy (IS). We describe a rationale for using IS derived from advances in our understanding of Arctic tundra vegetation communities and their interaction with the environment. To best leverage ongoing and forthcoming IS resources, including National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s Surface Biology and Geology mission, we identify a series of opportunities and challenges based on intrinsic spectral dimensionality analysis and a review of current data and literature that illustrates the unique attributes of the Arctic tundra biome. These opportunities and challenges include thematic vegetation mapping, complicated by low‐stature plants and very fine‐scale surface composition heterogeneity; development of scalable algorithms for retrieval of canopy and leaf traits; nuanced variation in vegetation growth and composition that complicates detection of long‐term trends; and rapid phenological changes across brief growing seasons that may go undetected due to low revisit frequency or be obscured by snow cover and clouds. We recommend improvements to future field campaigns and satellite missions, advocating for research that combines multi‐scale spectroscopy, from lab studies to satellites that enable frequent and continuous long‐term monitoring, to inform statistical and biophysical approaches to model vegetation dynamics.

Screening of soil activity in different ecological systems

The article presents the results of studies of the qualitative and quantitative composition of soil microbiocenosis in non-Black Earth Region conditions. The characteristics of soil microflora qualitative composition in natural ecosystems and in the conditions of wheat cultivation are given. The data obtained indicate the biological degradation of agricultural soils, which is expressed in a decrease in microbiological parameters in comparison with natural ecosystems soils. It is noted that the microbiocenosis determines the soil biological activity, the measure of which is the emission of carbon dioxide. It has been established that a higher emission of carbon dioxide is characteristic of soils of natural ecosystems and is associated with the vigorous activity of microorganisms. Our data indicate that, under Non-Black Earth Region conditions, the intensity of soil respiration and the activity of microbiological processes are decisively influenced by humidity, temperature, and acid-base balance.

English

Solar quiet (Sq) daily currents variation obtained in the Hermanus (34.34oS, 19.22oE), Tsumeb (19.24oS, 17.72oE), Hartebeesthoek (25.68oS, 28.09oE) and Maputo (25.97oS, 32.57oE), were employed in determining the mantle electrical conductivity depth profile of the Southern African region. The external and internal contributions in the solar quiet field were separated using the spherical harmonic analysis (SHA), after which, the transfer functions were used to compute the electrical conductivity depth profiles of the region. A downward increase was observed in electrical conductivities and deep depth of penetration within the Earth regions. In Hartebeesthoek, Hermanus, Maputo and Tsumeb, the evaluated average electrical conductivity values are 0.028 Sm-1, 0.039 Sm-1, 0.057 Sm-1 and 0.0.025 Sm-1 at depths of 76.4 km, 84.1 km,141.0 km and 111.5 km  at the respective maximum depths of penetration of 1052.8 km, 1467.0 km, 1160.8 km and 1289.5 km in Hartebeesthoek, Hermanus, Maputo and Tsumeb, the calculated electrical conductivity reached the maximum values of 0.498 Sm-1, 0.323 Sm-1, 0.387 Sm-1 and 0.187 Sm-1 respectively. Discontinuities were observed in all the profiles but are more prominent in Tsumeb region near 390.0 - 750.0 km, 820.0 - 980.0 km and 200.0 - 300.0 km. From these results, we are stating that the effects from the deeper 3-D structures (such as gold, copper etc), the hydrated transition zone and effect from the ocean contribute to the greater depth of Sq penetration. Key words: Solar quiet currents, Southern Africa, electrical conductivity, spherical harmonic analysis, Mantle.

МИГРАЦИОННЫЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ ТЯЖЕЛЫХ МЕТАЛЛОВ В ЛЕСНЫХ ЛАНДШАФТАХ

The use of field-protective forest plantations in the forest-steppe and steppe zones of the Central Black Earth region is an effective reclamation technique. Forest belts reduce wind speed, reduce the harmful effects of dry winds. An important feature of forest belts is the accumulation and uniform distribution of snow in the fields. This leads to an improvement in the water balance, and at the same time to the transformation of soils. According to the data obtained, a significant reliable change in chernozems under the influence of forest belts in the conditions of the Kamennaya Steppe was revealed. There was a change in morphological characteristics, humus content, pH of the soil solution in chernozems under forest vegetation. This transformation entailed a change in the total content of HMs and their exchange compounds. There are changes in the profile redistribution of the studied HMs under tree crops. Correlation analysis revealed a close relationship in the distribution of pH, humus, total content, and exchangeable HM compounds. Variational analysis of the spatial heterogeneity of the data obtained showed significant differences in the studied indicators between arable land and forest belt. There is a natural decrease in the coefficient of variation from the forest belt to arable land. This phenomenon occurs due to the fact that (in the process of plowing) mixing of the soil mass and leveling of spatial differences in the content of humus, pH, as well as the gross content and exchange compounds of HMs takes place. In the forest belt, soil conditions are determined by the vegetation, which makes the difference

Inferring iron-oxide species content in atmospheric mineral dust from DSCOVR EPIC observations

Abstract. The iron-oxide content of dust in the atmosphere and most notably its apportionment between hematite (α-Fe2O3) and goethite (α-FeOOH) are key determinants in quantifying dust's light absorption, its top of atmosphere ultraviolet (UV) radiances used for dust monitoring, and ultimately shortwave dust direct radiative effects (DREs). Hematite and goethite column mass concentrations and iron-oxide mass fractions of total dust mass concentration were retrieved from the Deep Space Climate Observatory (DSCOVR) Earth Polychromatic Imaging Camera (EPIC) measurements in the ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) channels. The retrievals were performed for dust-identified aerosol plumes over land using aerosol optical depth (AOD) and the spectral imaginary refractive index provided by the Multi-Angle Implementation of Atmospheric Correction (MAIAC) algorithm over six continental regions (North America, North Africa, West Asia, Central Asia, East Asia, and Australia). The dust particles are represented as an internal mixture of non-absorbing host and absorbing hematite and goethite. We use the Maxwell Garnett effective medium approximation with carefully selected complex refractive indices of hematite and goethite that produce mass fractions of iron-oxide species consistent with in situ values found in the literature to derive the hematite and goethite volumetric/mass concentrations from MAIAC EPIC products. We compared the retrieved hematite and goethite concentrations with in situ dust aerosol mineralogical content measurements, as well as with published data. Our data display variations within the published range of hematite, goethite, and iron-oxide mass fractions for pure-mineral-dust cases. A specific analysis is presented for 15 sites over the main dust-source regions. Sites in the central Sahara, Sahel, and Middle East exhibit a greater temporal variability of iron oxides relative to other sites. The Niger site (13.52∘ N, 2.63∘ E) is dominated by goethite over the Harmattan season with a median of ∼ 2 weight percentage (wt %) of iron oxide. The Saudi Arabia site (27.49∘ N, 41.98∘ E) over the Middle East also exhibited a surge of goethite content with the beginning of the shamal season. The Sahel dust is richer in iron oxide than Saharan and northern China dust except in summer. The Bodélé Depression area shows a distinctively lower iron-oxide concentration (∼ 1 wt %) throughout the year. Finally, we show that EPIC data allow the constraining of the hematite refractive index. Specifically, we select 5 out of 13 different hematite refractive indices that are widely variable in published laboratory studies by constraining the iron-oxide mass ratio to the known measured values. The provided climatology of hematite and goethite mass fractions across the main dust regions of Earth will be useful for dust shortwave DRE studies and climate modeling.

Content and Balance of Trace Elements (Co, Mn, Zn) in Agroecosystems of the Central Chernozemic Region of Russia

This work is devoted to the study of the provision of arable soils with mobile forms of the most important trace elements (cobalt, manganese, and zinc). In modern Russian agriculture, the low provision of soils with trace elements is one of the reasons leading to lower yields and the deteriorating quality of most crops. The materials of the regional and local agroecological monitoring of soils in Belgorod region, which is part of the Central Black Earth region of Russia, were used in this work. The results of the local agroecological monitoring showed that the average gross contents of manganese, zinc, and cobalt in arable chernozems in the typical forest-steppe zone were respectively 345, 36.5, and 8.48 mg/kg, and in chernozems common in the steppe zone the contents were 397, 42.9, and 9.51 mg/kg. In the distribution of the gross contents of the studied trace elements in the profile of arable chernozems, a tendency of a gradual decrease in their concentrations with increasing depth was revealed. According to the results of the regional agroecological monitoring of arable soils in the Belgorod region for 2015–2018, it was found that the proportion of soils with a low content of mobile compounds of zinc (<2 mg/kg) was 90.3%; for cobalt (<0.2 mg/kg) and manganese (<10 mg/kg), the proportions were 99.3% and 38.6%, respectively. In these soils, it is advisable to introduce microfertilizers containing trace elements that are in deficit. The main sources of the manganese, zinc, and cobalt input to agroecosystems are organic fertilizers, which account for 79.3%, 86.3%, and 66.6% of the total amounts, respectively. Losses of manganese and cobalt from agroecosystems mainly occur as a result of the washing away of arable soils—82.8% and 96.8% of total losses, respectively—and 60.5% of zinc losses are due to alienation by the marketable part of the crop. A positive balance had been a feature of zinc, with an intensity of 106%, while manganese and cobalt had a negative balance, with intensities of 61.3% and 25.3%, respectively.

Etnomathematic Analysis: Implementation Of The Ecentric Digraph In Determining The Ka'ba As Center Of The Earth

The Rajaban tradition is a tradition of religious rituals as an expression of gratitude and moments to commemorate historical events, one of which is the change in the direction of Qibla from Baitul Maqdis to the Kaaba in Mecca. Based on these problems, in this article, it is shown by using the study of Graph Theory, namely the eccentric digraph to determine the center of the earth's region. Data processing is done by making the Kaaba and the seven continents on the earth's surface as a point on graph G and the side connecting the points is the distance (in km) with physical boundaries between them being considered non-existent. The results of the discussion show that the Kaaba in Mecca is the center of the earth's area with ec(v1) = 12,039 = rad(G).

Crisis and Pragmatism: The Evolution of the Soviet Procurement Apparatus in Civil War-era Penza, 1919–1920

The twin challenges of grain procurement and military threat from the White armies in 1919 and 1920 and how they were handled by provincial soviet officials are essential to understanding the survival and nature of Soviet Russia. The purpose of this article is to use a local study to examine in detail how the 1919-20 Soviet procurement campaigns were conducted in the localities. The focus here is Penza, a central ‘producing' province, located on the eastern edge of the central Black Earth region yet at a distance from the Volga and outlying provinces where ferocity, loyalty to the revolution, and personal power prevailed in procurement and government control was weak. The Bolsheviks routinely concentrated armed force and capable personnel in one crisis area after another for short-term military or procurement purposes. Yet, this study finds that for Penza resources such as armed food brigades and rank-and-file communists became scarce as these were mobilized for work in newly occupied regions where procurement burdens became more significant. Procurement officials in Penza faced the necessity of near constant pragmatic adjustments in their engagement with their subordinates as well as peasant producers as circumstances and access to resources changed frequently. By tracing the local apparatus's history, a clearer picture emerges of the obstacles and adjustments involved in administering the Soviet grain monopoly behind the lines of the Civil War. In this way, we add to our knowledge of the challenges that shaped the Bolsheviks' efforts to resolve the grain crisis and survive the Civil War.

Exploration of Glacial Landforms by Object-Based Image Analysis and Spectral Parameters of Digital Elevation Model

Glacial landforms are a significant element of landscape in many regions of Earth. The increasing availability of high-resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) provides an opportunity to develop automated methods of glacial landscape exploration and classification. In this study, we aimed to: 1) identify glacial landforms based on high-resolution DEM datasets; 2) determine relevant geomorphometric and spectral parameters and object-based features for the mapping of glacial landforms; and 3) develop an accurate workflow for glacial landform classification based on DEM. The developed methodology included the extraction of secondary features from DEM, feature selection with the Boruta algorithm, object-based image analysis, and random forest supervised classification. We applied the workflow for three study sites: one in Svalbard and two in Poland. It allowed the identification of six categories of glacial landforms: till plains, end moraines, hummocky moraines, outwash/glaciolacustrine plains, valleys, and kettle holes. The majority of relevant secondary features represented DEM spectral parameters calculated from 2-D Fourier analysis. The supervised classification models with the highest performance exhibited up to 96% overall accuracy with regard to a groundtruth dataset. This study showed that glacial landforms can be identified using novel image-processing methodology and spectral parameters of high-resolution DEM. The complete classification workflow developed herein provides a solution for the transparent generation of thematic maps of glacial landforms that may be reproducible and transferrable to various glacial regions worldwide.

Microbial communities of halite deposits and other hypersaline environments.

Large regions of Earth's surface are underlain by salt deposits that evaporated from ancient oceans and are populated by extreme halophilic microbes. While the microbiology of ancient evaporites has been well studied, the ecology of halite deposits and more recently formed NaCl "salticle" stalactite structures (speleothems) in a Triassic halite mine are less well characterized. The microbiome of Kilroot Salt Mine was profiled using conventional and enhanced culturing techniques. From this, 89 halophilic archaeal isolates from six known genera, and 55 halophilic or halotolerant bacterial isolates from 18 genera were obtained. Culture-independent metagenomic approaches also revealed that culturing techniques were inadvertently biased toward specific taxa, and the need for optimized isolation procedures are required to enhance cultivation diversity. Speleothems formed from saturated brines are unique structures that have the potential to entomb haloarchaea cells for thousands of years within fluid inclusions. The presence of such fluid inclusions, alongside the high abundance of genes related to glycerol metabolism, biofilm formation, and persister cell formation is highly suggestive of an environmental niche that could promote longevity and survivability. Finally, previous studies reporting the discovery of novel biocatalysts from the Kilroot mine microbiome, suggests that this environment may be an untapped source of chemical diversity with high biodiscovery potential.

Mathematical substantiation of the efficiency of sunflower cultivation in the conditions of the southern forest-steppe of the Central Black Earth Region

Sunflower is one of the strategic crops of the agro-industrial complex not only in Russia, but also around the world: sunflower seeds are used not only for food products and feed from production waste, but also for energy carriers. In recent years, the cost of sunflower oil has shown high growth dynamics, and we believe that against the background of the general growth in the consumption of “green” renewable energy, it will also show growth. The high demand for sunflower oilseeds both in the domestic and foreign markets is due to the wide range of products produced from this raw material, and this trend has persisted for many years due to an increase in the population and an increasing demand for high-quality food products. In addition, an increasing number of consumers in Russia have a negative attitude towards the widespread palm oil on the international market, preferring sunflower oil or its processed products. Sunflower oilseeds are cultivated everywhere both in the Russian Federation and in the world. However, the high variability of soil-climatic conditions, the emergence of new varieties, hybrids and plant protection products with high attention to zero soil treatment technologies require research and justification of mass production. The high price of the crop made it possible not to touch on the issues of the effectiveness of sunflower cultivation and ensuring its high quality, this article is designed to fill in these gaps. The authors of the article investigate the hypothesis of the dependence of sunflower quality on the technology of its cultivation. Mathematical methods were used to substantiate the conclusions, which made it possible to identify significant and secondary factors of cultivation technology and obtain an assessment model.

Проблемы качества жизни и развития демографического потенциала в регионах Центрального Черноземья

Проблемы качества жизни и развития демографического потенциала в регионах Центрального Черноземья

The factors of influence on use of available agricultural lands, spatial development of agricultural land use, its expansion or shrinking

The existing resource potential of productive agricultural land is not used by one third, and the productivity of used agricultural land barely reaches 20-40% of the potential yield. Agriculture in many regions has ceased to be an essential part of rural economy, a source of jobs and income for rural residents. There is a steady tendency to shrink living space – bankruptcy of agricultural producers, depopulation of rural areas, crushing and disappearance of villages, degradation of engineering and social infrastructure. Life in many rural areas is supported by the pensions of the elderly and the salaries of state and municipal employees. Many rural areas of the Non-Black Earth Region, remote from large civilizational centers, are turning into territories of survival without any hope of revival. Instead of contemplative observation, it is necessary to make reasonable management decisions and mechanisms for their implementation, including support for those who need it instead of feeding people hiding in offshores the super profits received in Russia.

Dozhin rituals in the system of traditional culture of the Eastern Slavs: ethnolinguistic components in semiotic analysis aspect

We pay particular attention to the consideration of semantic components of the dozhin ritual (“beard curling” ritual) as an ethnolinguistic text, which are the ontological foundations of the agrarian complex of traditional culture system of the Eastern Slavs. We give a description of the “beard curling” ritual in the form of representation of actional blocks using the basic categories of semiotic analysis, an interpretation of the meaning of symbolic semiotic structures in the form of a layout of symbolic components. The field materials presented by us are both an indicator of the All-Russian context and the specific area itself – the Central Black Earth Region, in particular, Tambov region, and demonstrate the echoes and originality of functioning of constituent compo-nents of the dozhinochny ritual. The texts of this rite, incantatory elements, actional components turn out to be quite many-sided and diverse. The explanation of ritual’s ethnolinguistic compo-nents in the folk environment shows how the people interpret the contexts of its origin and devel-opment. The actual symbolic representation is shown in the sacred context of all symbolic semes, which emphasizes their ontological nature. The sacredness of the ritual is represented in the sym-bolism of significant semes: the “beard” in this case is an ethnolinguistic metaphor for the Chris-tian appeal to God, a prayer for the future harvest.

Retrospective diagnosis of intrauterine diselementosis in newborn calves

One of the methods in diselementosis diagnosis, i.e. in determination of the trace elements content excess, deficiency or imbalance in the organism, is screening the hair elemental composition. It is known that the tail brush hair growth in cattle begins from the 7th month of gestation. The authors suggested that the tail brush hair elemental composition in newborn calves could be used for integral evaluation of the trace elements supply to the fetus in the last months of its intrauterine development. In order to elaborate criteria for retrospective diagnosis of the intrauterine diselementosis, 125 clinically healthy 1-day-old calves (67 male and 58 female animals) were examined; they were obtained from Simmental cows with a physiological course of gestation under biogeochemical conditions of the Central Black Earth region of the Russian Federation. The concentration of 11 essential (Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, I, Li, Mn, Se, Si, V, Zn) and 8 toxic (As, B, Cd, Hg, Ni, Pb, Sn, Sr) trace elements were studied in samples of unpigmented guard hairs from the animal tail brush by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (Nexion 300D, Perkin Elmer, USA). The results were expressed as mean ± standard error of mean, median, minimum, and maximum. Reference values of essential and toxic trace elements concentration in the hair of newborns were determined using the percentile scales separately for the groups of male and female animals. Group comparison was conducted using the independent samples Mann-Whitney U test. Research results demonstrated that physiologically determined the range of the trace elements concentration in the hair of newborn calves corresponded to the interval between the 25th and 75th percentiles. Values beyond the specified interval boundaries were proposed to be considered as deviations corresponding to the diselementosis.

Ключевые направления развития экспорта в сельском хозяйстве России: региональный аспект

Steady growth of global demand for agricultural products provides opportunities for Russian economic development. Since the country’s considerable (but geographically heterogeneous) agricultural potential and government policies encourage import substitution and food exports, the main possibilities for agricultural export development should be explored considering regional differences. The present research substantiates the feasibility of agricultural export development, assesses regional export potential and offers recommendations on export-oriented development of regional agri-food industries. Criteria-based assessment and cluster analysis methods were applied. The study database includes quantitative indicators of agriculture and agri-food trade dynamics observed in Russian regions. At the first stage, analysis and generalisation of relevant publications, world experience and current trends allowed us to substantiate the feasibility of export-oriented development of the Russian agricultural sector. At the second stage, in order to assess export orientation, export openness and international involvement of regional agri-food markets, a methodology was proposed and tested on the Central Black Earth region data. At the third stage, a cluster approach was created to classify Russian regions and examine the potential of agricultural production and foreign trade of the agri-food market. The research proposes recommendations on the development of agricultural and food exports for the most prospective regions. The presented approaches and findings can be used in strategies and programmes for monitoring the export-oriented development of regional agricultural sectors. Future research can focus on methodological design for assessing and modelling the development of regional agri-food markets.

Спорные вопросы передачи Путивльского уезда Курской губернии из территории РСФСР в состав Украинской ССР. По материалам Государственного архива Курской области. 1925-1926 гг.

The article studies controversial issues of the process of transfer of the former Putivl uezd of the Kursk gubernia from the territory of the RSFSR to the Ukrainian SSR. In view of the current geopolitical situation, the relevance of addressing the history of certain regions’ entry into or exit from the state has greatly increased. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that, while it considers the alienation of the former Putivl uezd as a part of the general process of transfer of territories of the Central Black Earth region to the Ukrainian SSR, the historiography does not reflect in full all difficulties and contradictions encountered by local authorities. The paper is to characterize the controversies that arose during the transfer of the former Putivl uezd of the Kursk gubernia to the Ukrainian SSR drawing on documents from the State Archive of Kursk Region. The Ukrainian side intended to annex the Krupets and partly Tetkino volosts in order to eliminate the wedging of economically united territories of one republic into the border of the other. The representatives of the RSFSR rejected these demands, claiming that the Joint Acceptance Commission lacked the authority to discuss this question and citing possible wedging of the Glukhov district of the Ukrainian SSR into the territory of the Rylsk uezd of the Kursk gubernia. They denied economic links of the disputed territories with the Ukrainian SSR. Contradictions in financial and budgetary calculations sprang from demands to discharge the indebtedness of newly acquired institutions at the expense of the Kursk gubernia budget and to cover the budget deficit of the ceded territory, which was an obstacle for acceptance of budget of the RSFSR. There was no support for the attempt of Ukrainian side to obtain the Krupetsk State Sugar Factory because it was part of the RSFSR and for demand to transfer 29 inmates of the Putivl Prison to other penal institutions in the Kursk gubernia, as the latter were overcrowded. The issue of settlers was raised indirectly, when resolving the dispute over granting the Ukrainian SSR resettlement fund and seed loan. The study and analysis of archival documents leads to the conclusion that the Ukrainian SSR wished to reduce the costs of maintaining its new territory, while increasing its resources; the RSFSR wished to ensure the stability of economic activities in the border villages. The transfer of the Putivl uezd to the Kursk gubernia took place without real consideration of popular opinion; parties only addressed it to justify their claims of economic nature.

Sustainable development and environmental situation in forest resources of the Central Black Earth region

The aim of the work is to identify geographical features, factors and problems of forest resources of the Central Black Earth region and their impact on the sustainable development of the region. Low forest cover of the territory with long-term degradation of forest resources, low level of reforestation is characteristic of the Central Black Earth Region, which requires in-depth analysis of factors and trends in the development of forest management of the region. Results. The analysis of the development of forest management shows how difficult the environmental situation with forest resources of the district is. The main indicator is the forest cover of the territory in the CCR does not reach 9%. At the level of municipal districts, it is often 1.5-3%, which indicates an environmental disaster. Taking into account the trends and features of modern nature management, on the basis of our work we can conclude that the great degradation and reduction of forest resources determines the crisis, and in many places the catastrophic state of nature, which determines the need for transition to the expanded reproduction of forest resources - simple forest conservation is no longer enough.