Early XXI Century Research Articles

Features of the Psychographic Portrait of the Residents with Criminal Record living in Northern Territories and the Arctic Zone of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug-Yugra and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug

The psychographic features of the personality of residents of various regions of the Russian Federation are an interesting and insufficiently studied phenomenon from the standpoint of psychological knowledge. In our opinion, it is convenient to present such a phenomenon in the framework of personality research in the form of a psychological portrait - a kind of model structure reflecting the psychological characteristics of the object of research. The subject of the study is the elements of the psychological portrait of the personality of the studied contingent, the features of which constitute the content of the model of the psychographic portrait of the inhabitants of the northern territories. The parameters and model characteristics of the personality of the studied sample of residents of the region may be of interest to a wide range of very different practices – pedagogical, managerial, legal, professional and others. Separate, compositional parameters of model characteristics are presented in the study, which will form the basis of a general psychographic model of the personality of residents of the northern regions of Khma-Yugra and YANAO who have experience of illegal behavior. Such research is relevant and oriented in the practice of pedagogical, legal work with the population of the marked regions. If possible, a similar practice of scientific research on the presented topic can be transferred to other regions of the North and the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. The solution of this task is a systematic part of the research project of the Russian Academy of Sciences under the general title "Experience in the application of customary law, history and humanization of penitentiary institutions of Ugra within the framework of European and Russian traditions (late XVI - early XXI centuries)". The research is of practical importance and its results, we hope, will be in demand by specialists from a wide range of various social practices. The main, generalized conclusion of the study is statistically confirmed personality traits of the studied contingent, reflecting the model characteristics of their originality regarding illegal behavior.

Development of Specialized Education for Academically Gifted Students in Ukraine in Early XXI Century

The article presents the evolution of changes in the education of gifted youth in Ukraine in early XXI century. The emphasis has been placed on the socio-political transformations and on the secondary education level reform. It has been established that the system of general secondary education began to be built on the basis of humanism, variability and profiling. Educational institutions of the “new type” have become widespread. Such institutions competed with each other, trying to attract the most gifted students. It has been proven that in order to increase the intellectual potential of the future generation, implementation of grant programs and projects has begun at the state level. In particular, the Program for working with gifted children for 2001 – 2005 and 2006 – 2010 has been approved, the Concept of specialized education has been revised three times (2003, 2009, 2013), and data banks for gifted students have been implemented. It has been noted that in order to maximize the development of the abilities of academically gifted students, various psychological and pedagogical projects and programs have been implemented in Ukraine, such as: Rostock, Intellect of Ukraine, School of Life Success, School of the Future, etc. It has been emphasized that the development of academically gifted students in extracurricular time was provided by the state-public association of the Minor Academy of Sciences. It has been established that the problems of inclusion and equal access to education were at the forefront of changes with the introduction of the reform of the New Ukrainian School. Prospects for further research have been planned in the disclosure of modern approaches to teaching gifted students in the conditions of the current state standard.

Tendencies in the development of student research activities in ukrainian universities (XIX – early XXI centuries)

Tendencies in the development of student research activities in ukrainian universities (XIX – early XXI centuries)

Contemporary Trends in the Author’s Ceramics by V. V. Portnova

The article is devoted to the development of the Ural artistic ceramics in the late XX — early XXI century, in the history of which a significant role belongs to the representatives of the Krasnoyarsk ceramic school. During this period, changes in socio­economic conditions led to shift in cultural priorities, which manifested themselves in the polystylistics of postmodernism, that influenced the decorative and applied arts of Russia. The research of the issue is based on the art history and interdisciplinary scientific methods. Using the example of the work of the famous ceramist V. V. Portnova, the author examines the current trends in the shaping of contemporary Russian ceramics­ that are interest in tectonics and work with the surface. The author analyzes the evolution of the creative style of the ceramist, revealing individual engagement in the artistic and figurative solution of ceramic objects.

The Main Vectors for the Development of Estonian National Policy in the Late XX - Early XXI Centuries

The practical foundations of the national policy of modern Estonia were laid in the conditions of the collapse of the USSR and the associated aggravation of interethnic relations. The contradictions of this period largely influenced the definition of the vector of further development of post-Soviet states, including in Estonia. In general, it can be assumed that the first five years of the recent history of Estonian statehood, the main stake in its national policy was made to stimulate the re-migration of most Russian-speaking residents. In the second half of the 1990s. in the official circles of Estonia, attention is gradually increasing to the need for a certain integration of national minorities into public life, which can be explained by the influence of the foreign policy conjuncture, namely to satisfy the recommendations of the European Union, which the Estonian state sought to join. It seems that the most acute issue for the Russian-speaking population of Estonia remains the language policy, which is closely linked by the government of this country with the task of forming Estonian identity among the non-Estonian population. It should be noted that this trend is a logical consequence of the new Estonia 2035 development strategy adopted by the Riigikogu on May 12, 2021, which declares the consolidation of society and extremely succinctly mentions the need to "pay attention to the availability of access to different layers of culture among Estonian communities and communities of national minorities." At the same time, the primacy of Estonian identity is affirmed, which is confirmed by various regulatory acts of the Estonian state in the field of education, language and youth policy. Sometimes you can find individual proposals for adjusting Estonia's policy in the field of finding the optimal interethnic consensus - in the spirit of, for example, the Leitzhart rental consonational model, which has been tested in practice in Switzerland, the Netherlands, Belgium or Northern Ireland. However, at present, such proposals lie rather in the theoretical plane.

Problems of Russian Historiography of Women’s Charitable Ministry in the Early Church

The article considers a brief review of the Russian historiography of women’s charitable ministry in the Early Church and its continuity in the XIX —early XXI century. Women’s charity in Russia and in Europe has historically devel-oped as an institutional phenomenon based on сhristian principles. The mem-bers of the ancient women’s institutes, whose functions included social activi-ties, were called deaconesses, widows, elders, virgins. Russian scholars began to be interested in this women’s orders since the XIX century, when in Russia women gradually began to actively engage in public charitable activities and there was a search for institutionalization of a new women’s Church ministry, an alternative to monastic and humanitarian. The interest of scholars often had not only a theoretical, but also a church-practical orientation, as it was associ-ated with the activation of missionary and parish activities within the Ortho-dox Church. In the article, the main scientific and journalistic works on wom-en’s ministry are considered on the problems within the chronological blocks: before 1917, in 1917—1991 and after 1991. The authors described and ana-lyzed women’s charity in ancient times, and also tried to justify for their time new institutional ministries in the Church, in particular deaconesses. However, the revival of such women’s ministry is closely connected not so much with the needs of modern society as with the needs of the Church and the church-wide consciousness.

Brazil’s cultural diplomacy: origins and modernity

The article deals with the evolution of Brazil’s cultural diplomacy from the Empire till the present day. Special attention is paid to figures who contributed a lot to its development, namely the Emperor Pedro II, foreign minister Rio Branco, education minister Gustavo Capanema. The author divides cultural diplomacy evolution into several periods and concludes that it reached its heights under Lula da Silva in early XXI century. The president increased government role in financing cultural sphere and implemented various cultural programmes partly borrowed by neighbouring and some European states. After right-wing politicians came to power, cultural diplomacy has been suffering crisis, which manifested in the dissolution of Cultural Ministry, less investment in culture and return to some elements of elitist culture of the First Republic.

Исследование ледников Мунку-Сардык С.П. Перетолчиным, начатое в начале XX века, и его современное продолжение

The article gives a comparative analysis of the achievements of natural-scientific studies of glaciers in the area of Munku-Sardyk (Eastern Sayan Mountains) in the early XX century of the famous Ir-Kutsk geologist, geographer and climatologist Sergey Pavlovich Peretolchin (1863-1914) in comparison with modern geographical studies of the authors of the article in the early XXI century.

Современный английский исторический роман: традиция и диалог с нею

The article provides a problematic overview of the dynamics of the national English paradigm of the historical novel genre from the moment of its final formalization in the early XIX century to the modern stage of the development of the genre paradigm. The peculiarities of the functioning of the genre in the British literary process in the end of the XX century and early XXI century are specially demonstrated. The emphasis is placed on the postmodern «obsession with history» and the use by British historical novelists of a number of features of postmodern poetics in general, as well as on the continuity of the realistic tradition of the genre, which at the end of the last century and the beginning of this one resulted in the reconstruction in the historical narrative of not so much socio–political as socio-cultural bonds of history, in depicting a novel hero’s integral living through the past when exactly this is both introspective and retrospective plot existing of history and when it becomes the object and subject of historical narration.

Морфофункциональный статус студентов-первокурсников смежных поколений на рубеже веков

The aim of this work was to carry out a comparative analysis of a series of anthropometric and physiometric parameters of students who studied in the first year of three faculties of Perm State Humanitarian Pedagogical University (PSHPU) in the academic years 2004/2005 and 2022/2023, that is, students belonging to two adjacent generations. The height and body weight, the blood pressure, the type of regulatory processes, as well as indices calculated on the basis of the listed parameters were compared: body mass index, or Quetelet's index (BMI), Functional Changes Score (FCS), Centralization Index (CI), Regulatory Effort Index (REI). The last two indices are derivatives of the parameters of heart rate variability (HRV), which make it possible to as-sess the contribution of autonomous and central regulatory circuits to the body processes and to predict the adaptive resources of the body. In both samples, there were the expected differences between the male and female participants in terms of weight and height parameters, e.g. the men were taller and heavier than the women, except for those whose BMI exceeded 25 kg/m2, i.e. overweight students. However, the students surveyed in 2022 did not demonstrate any differences in the values of the height and weight from those who studied in the same faculties in 2004. The assessment of the functional parameters did not show any significant differences between the generations of the late XX, early XXI century in the heart rate (HR), in the duration of the most frequent RR interval (Mo) and in the contribution of the autonomic and central regulatory circuits to the regulatory processes. What is alarming is the higher blood pressure, especially pulse pressure, which is a kind of marker of the vascular wall abnormalities in the large arteries. It was observed in students, especially young men, of a later generation, i.e. born in 2002-2004. HRV data indicate greater resistance of the women’s body to stressing factors. This can be concluded based on the influence of central and autonomous regulation circuits on the characteristics of heart rate: in the women, the autonomous regulatory processes were more intense than in men. Moreover, this fact was reported both in the sample of 2022 and among students examined in 2004.

Виклики та перспективи підготовки вчителів в Україні: аналіз історичних фактів

Careful analysis and thorough generalization of the experience of preparing future teachers is the key to successful pedagogical education in Ukraine in the post-war period, which the country is going through today. The most intense, in terms of normative resolutions and reorganizations, is the beginning of the 20th and the beginning of the 21st centuries, which are marked by unique challenges which Ukraine faced with: defending its national identity during the formation of the union and after its collapse during the formation of independence. These events had a strong impact on the educational system of the country, especially the pedagogical one. When writing the article, historical and pedagogical research methods were used to identify factors in the formation of pedagogical education in the periods under study; a comparative method with the aim of comparing the events of the early XX and early XXI centuries for the qualitative construction of the prospects for higher pedagogical education in Ukraine in the war and post-war period; prognostic method as a way to identify progressive directions in the organization of higher pedagogical education in the near future. The development strategy of pedagogical education in Ukraine in the post-war period includes the following: replenishment of the network of pedagogical universities, development of a strategy for their development; strict selection of applicants for pedagogical HEIs; encouragement and stimulation by the state of stakeholders of graduates of pedagogical universities; improvement of curricula, updating the scientific content of educational and professional training programs for future teachers; stabilization of the system of training pedagogical personnel in accordance with the requests of educational institutions that provide graduates of pedagogical HEIs with jobs; increasing the component of practical training of future teachers.

Innovative approaches to teaching students in the modern educational information environment in the USA and Great Britain

The trend of development of priorities in education and training of students, secondary and higher schools in the USA and Great Britain in retrospect (XIX – early XXI centuries) is clarified. In particular, classical education is briefly described, which had a reproductive character and considered the student as a passive object of learning, which must be filled with knowledge in accordance with certain programs and methods. Classical education was represented by the following approaches: secular, theological, biographical, introspectionist, logical and methodological. American scientists noted that traditional types of Education (classical education and non-classical education) are based on the causal mechanism of the development of thought, the basis of their thinking is considered either the object of learning (classical education) or the subject of learning (non-classical education). Postnonclassical Education combines the positive aspects of traditional education in a single syzygy process of educational activity, which means constant interchangeability, on the one hand, of those who study and on the other – of those who teach. The implementation of postnonclassical education is characterized by the following modern approaches: competence-based, continuous professional improvement of teachers, situational, cultural, systematic, interdisciplinary, axiological, synergetic.

Coping in Times of Uncertainty and Global Risks: The Main Research Trends

This article reviews foreign and domestic publications on the psychology of coping. Until the early XXI century, coping studies followed three research lines: 1) situations perceived as "difficult", 2) coping strategies and/or styles, 3) their relationships with personal and environmental coping resources. The current global situation of uncertainty and risks has affected the strategy of coping studies. They now demonstrate a more complex and holistic vision of the interaction between the person and the situation that requires coping. The interaction pattern follows three main research trends: 1) Personal coping resources are understood not as specific personal dispositions or cognitive characteristics, but as complex features that require new research methods; 2) New empirical material proves the ambiguity of correlation between various human coping strategies and psychological well-being; 3) Procedural features of coping and its anticipatory capabilities acquire more scientific attention.

The image of “socialist cities” in Kharkiv and Zaporizhzhia in guidebooks in the second half of XX – early XXI centuries

The article analyzes the image of the “socialist cities” of Kharkiv (“New Kharkiv”) and Zaporizhzhia (“Sixth Village”) on the pages of city guidebooks in the second half of XX – early XXI centuries. It is concluded that the images of “socialist cities” in Kharkiv and Zaporizhzhia have a similar set of markers. Both are built next to the iconic industrial enterprises (KhTP, DniproHES), in accordance with the new principles of urban planning. Life in these cities contributed to the establishment of socialist life of workers. Technical parameters of “New Kharkiv” and “Sixth Village” are also similar: residential areas with developed social infrastructure (schools, hospitals, clubs, etc.), a lot of greenery.During the 1950s – 1980s, the image of the “socialist city” in the cultural landscape of Kharkiv was dynamic and positive. “New Kharkiv” was an independent tourist attraction, the final destination of one of the main tourist routes in the city. Its space was self-sufficient. The activities of KhTP ensured the stability of the meaning of life and the language of description of the “socialist city”. The economic crisis led to the collapse of the social structure of the plant, the meaning of existence of the “social city” blurred, from the space of stay (according to K. Lynch) it transformed into the space of transit. In the 1990s, the functional and ideological significance of “New Kharkiv” was lost. The authors of guidebooks focused their attention primarily on the central areas of the city. This led to its symbolic oblivion and “sealing”. Self-centeredness did not allow the “socialist city” to be inscribed in the symbolic landscape of Kharkiv in the first two decades of independence.On the pages of guidebooks, the “socialist city” of Zaporizhzhia was an exemplary, but transit space. A typical city sightseeing route started from DniproHES and continued along the central avenue to the railway station. Metaphors to describe the “socialist city” (“city of workers’”, “garden city”, etc.) became the basis for the practice of self-representation of Zaporizhzhia. It should be noted that the proper name of the “socialist city” – “Sixth Village” appeared on the pages of guidebooks only during the years of independence of Ukraine. The image of exemplary space, formed on the pages of guidebooks, was used by local authorities as a symbol of successful development of the city. “Socialist city” became a space of residence, and the conversation about it in public discourse began to take place in the discourse of preservation of historical and cultural heritage.

DEVELOPMENT OF PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION IN THE FIELD OF AGRICULTURE IN RUSSIA (LATE XX – EARLY XXI CENTURY): TO THE HISTORIOGRAPHY OF THE PROBLEM

The issues of agrarian education evolvement in the USSR have been disclosed in sufficient detail in research, but the system of personnel training for agriculture in Russia in the post-Soviet period is covered very fragmentary. The article attempts to bring together individual research studies devoted to the development of vocational education in the agricultural sector of the Russian economy of the late XX – early XXI century. In our work, we focused on the views of researchers, government and public figures whose professional interests are related to agriculture.
 
 The historiography of the problem was divided into three groups: the first of them included publications of statesmen who develop legislative initiatives and implement public administration of the agro–industrial complex; the second group of publications consisted of analytical articles by scientists – specialists in the field of agriculture; the third group of studies is large analytical works prepared in the form of monographs, as well as doctoral and candidate dissertations. The main thematic blocks were: state policy in the field of higher agricultural education; the role of agricultural education in the development of the agro-industrial complex of Russia; the state and trends in the dynamics of agricultural education in Russia; the development of university science; the state agrarian policy in the context of reforming Russian society; secondary specialized agricultural education; personnel training for the agricultural sector of the economy of the Russian Federation regions. Most authors bring up issues about the need to increase state programs and measures to support agricultural universities, popularize and increase the prestige of agricultural education among young people.

PRODUCTION OF FELT BY THE BASHKIRS: TRADITIONS AND INNOVATIONS

This article describes modern production of felt by the Bashkirs in the southern and southeastern parts of the Republic of Bashkortostan from the perspective of preserving traditions and innovations. In the past, the Bashkirs widely used it in everyday life, it was used in many traditional rituals: family, wedding and religious ones. Yurts were covered with felt, Bashkirs laid large decorated pieces of felt on bunks during holidays. Often complete with a palas, it was traditionally present in the bride’s dowry. An elegant cheprak (serge, sergetysh), which lay under the saddle, and an elegant rug thrown over the saddle, decorated the bride’s horse during the wedding. In the course of research, the author came to the conclusion that for the Bashkirs felt at the end of the XX – beginning of the XXI century had an aesthetic and ceremonial (locally preserves) function. The analysis of the processes developing in the field of decorative and applied art of the Bashkirs in the Republic of Bashkortostan in the late XX – early XXI centuries showed that there are the following main forms of felt existence in the culture of the people: 1) a traditional way of felting sheep wool for large pieces of felt; 2) the spread of artistic felt production using traditional skills – these are home decor items – paintings, murals, ribbons for tug-of-bed, etc.; 3) creation of designer collections: coats, sleeveless jackets, hats, mittens, etc.; 4) the manufacture of wool souvenirs – dolls, jewelry items: bibs, beads, etc. Thus, along with preserving the traditions of Bashkir felt, innovations are also developing.

Scientific Reflection on the State of the Problem of the Academic Culture Development Among Applicants for Higher Music-Pedagogical and Choreographic Education (early XXI century)

Adherence to the principles of academic culture is one of the main values of the corporate cultural environment of the university community of any HEI. Today, the implementation of each of the numerous functions of education - pedagogical, developmental, didactic and methodological, socio-pedagogical, value-oriented, as well as the function of professional and personal self-improvement - requires a lot from the educator. Namely, knowledge and consideration of ethno-cultural peculiarities of students, reasonable and expedient selection of content, methods and techniques of teaching and upbringing on this basis, the ability to productive dialogue and fruitful cooperation with the family of students and the community - all this can be the subject of intercultural competence education. At the same time, scientific developments in this field require practical confirmation of certain aspects of developing academic cultural trends, as well as identifying the most promising directions for the successful formation of a virtuous academic environment. The aim of the article is to clarify the key directions and trends of scientific developments in the field of development of academic culture of applicants for higher music, pedagogical and choreographic education. Based on the analysis of the survey results, it is advisable to study the point of view of specialists on this issue on certain practical aspects of scientific reflection of this problem. Methodology. During this study, the analytical and bibliographic method has been used to study the scientific literature on the academic culture of applicants for higher music, pedagogical and choreographic education, analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction in the processing of scientific information, as well as theoretical methods (systemic-structural, comparative, logical-linguistic, abstraction, idealization) and an online survey to study some practical aspects of the problem. Results. According to the results of the study, the peculiarities of the scientific developments on the topic of the research have been studied. Moreover, the major trends in the development of academic culture of applicants for higher music, pedagogical and choreographic education have been identified. In addition, the data on the peculiarities of the current state and prospects for the development of a successful formation of a virtuous academic environment in the above-mentioned sphere, supported by the results of the survey, have been established.

Concrete Resistance Achieved with Subtly Ground Tube Glass of Cathode Ray as Supplementary Cementitious Material to Sulphate Attack

One of the essential requirements in modern civil engineering is a sustainable building, with the aim of reducing the harmful impact on the environment. Since the early XXI century, usage of recycled materials has been insisted on, which could, at least partly, substitute traditionally used materials. Although there is no serial manufacturing of TV sets with cathode ray tubes anymore, piles of cathode ray tube glass (CRT) at the waste disposal sites have still been on the increase. This experimental research was supposed to determine the potential for using subtly milled CRT glass as a supplementary cementitious material and to check the resistance of similar concretes to the sulphate action. Six testing concrete batches were made. The percentage of cement replacement percentage with CRT was: 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 35%, by mass. Durability assessment of concrete to sulphate action was done by visual estimation of concrete appearance as well as through testing the compressive strength variations of treated concrete specimens 3, 6, 12 and 36 months old. After soaking the specimens in a 5% solution of Na2SO4 for 36 months, concretes with 15% to 20% of replaced cement with finely ground CRT glass have simultaneously satisfactory compressive strength and resistance to sulfate attack. In this sense, this range of replacement of cement with finely ground CRT glass can be recommended for practical application.

Specific features of the action genre in video games of the late XX – early XXI century

The object of the study was video games related to the so-called action genre. The disparate classifications of video games that currently exist in the scientific and user environment indicate that there is a problem of creating their typology, key characteristics and specific features that allow dividing genres among themselves have not yet been identified. The purpose of the article is to identify specific features of the action genre in modern video games. The main research methods are comparative and structural-functional, which allow to objectively show the essential characteristics of the genre under consideration. The results of the study show that the genre has not yet been considered comprehensively for the search for generalized features, which were partially mentioned in the studies of T. H. Kutlaliev, N. Y. Kazakova, N. A. Moshkova, I. I. Yugai, T. Epperly, etc. Personal contribution is seen in the fact that the authors purposefully search for genre-specific features, which will further contribute to the development of the genre typology of video games. It is established that the key features of the action genre are: activity that requires good coordination of movements from the player; dynamics that involves saturation with actions; conflict, as an obligatory component of the game; character – the presence of a hero, the action is carried out through a specific character. An important result of the study was that specific signs of action can be found in other genre varieties. The concept of "action" in them becomes an additional element that gives any game dynamics, activity, conflict.

The Main Approaches in the Art Criticism Examination of Naive Art: Positions of Western European and Domestic Researchers

The subject of this article is naive art, one of the important artistic trends of the XX - early XXI centuries. The object of the study is the main approaches of experts to the study of naive art. At the first stage: 1930s–1950s – a historical approach was formed, which is associated with the definition of naive art as one of the forms of amateur art, "hobby". At the second stage – the 1960s-1990s, the traditional approach is considered, which includes the consideration of naive art as a separate artistic direction. Innovative approach: 1990-2000: determined by the study of naive art from the point of view of outsider art. The main contribution of the research is to determine the criteria of naive art as a separate direction, and in the context of a whole range of directions of non-professional art. These include amateur creativity, naive art, "borderline artists", art brut, the art of outsiders. Their main features are determined. The novelty of the research is a generalizing analysis of the presented approaches to the study of naive art of the twentieth century, the main criteria of naive art are clarified and described. During its attribution and examination, it will allow the most accurate and complete to give an art criticism assessment, to talk about the authenticity, authorship, historical value of specific works of naive art.