Early Twenty-First Research Articles

Chadors and Graffiti, EU Flags and Iconic Bodies: Four Contemporary Visual Artists

Contemporary art stretches beyond the boundaries of an individual medium and of a single national border. With this encouragement of diversity, fluidity and mobility, art becomes a form of social empowerment by the very surrender of singularity. Reviewing the work of four artists - the Turkish-Cypriot fashion designer and installation/video artist Hussein Chalayan; the British graffiti artist known as Banksy; the New York installation artist Spencer Tunick; and the New York-based multimedia artist Anna Lascari - this piece of commentary aims to show how, in the late twentieth and early twentyfirst century, certain art expresses its resistance through various media: whether it be social or political resistance, or resistance to any type of ‘conformity’ which may restrict the potential found in mobility and hybridity.

Modern Blackness: Nationalism, Globalization and the Politics of Culture in Jamaica

Modern Blackness is a rich ethnographic exploration of Jamaican identity in the late twentieth century and early twenty-first. Analyzing nationalism, popular culture, and political economy in relation to one another, Deborah A. Thomas illuminates an ongoing struggle in Jamaica between the values associated with the postcolonial state and those generated in and through popular culture. Following independence in 1962, cultural and political policies in Jamaica were geared toward the development of a multiracial creole nationalism reflected in the country’s motto: “Out of many, one people.” As Thomas shows, by the late 1990s, creole nationalism was superseded by “modern blackness”—an urban blackness rooted in youth culture and influenced by African American popular culture. Expressions of blackness that had been marginalized in national cultural policy became paramount in contemporary understandings of what it was to be Jamaican. Thomas combines historical research with fieldwork she conducted in Jamaica between 1993 and 2003. Drawing on her research in a rural hillside community just outside Kingston, she looks at how Jamaicans interpreted and reproduced or transformed on the local level nationalist policies and popular ideologies about progress. With detailed descriptions of daily life in Jamaica set against a backdrop of postcolonial nation-building and neoliberal globalization, Modern Blackness is an important examination of the competing identities that mobilize Jamaicans locally and represent them internationally.

Busyness as the Badge of Honor for the New Superordinate Working Class

Jonathan Gershuny Busyness as the Badge of Honor for the New Superordinate Working Class 1. ON THE RATING OF A SUBJECTIVE STATE “BUSYNESS” PLAINLY RELATES TO EXTERNALLY OBSERVABLE WORK OR leisure activities, but the state itself is entirely subjective. I will argue in what follows that there may have been fundamental changes in the connection between the external circumstances of work and leisure and internal feelings of “busyness.” Through the last century funda­ mental shifts have occurred in the relationship between the pattern of daily activities and patterns o f societal sub- and superordination. “Are you busy?” addressed to an upwardly mobile member of the Victorian English orAmerican middle classes may have had a quite different mean­ ing than when asked of an office worker at the turn of the third millen­ nium. Individuals’ representations of their states of “busyness” play an important and changing role in establishing their positions in the order of social stratification. A leisure class (and hence I presume not busy) at the end of the nineteenth century perhaps, but the dominant groups in the early twenty-first are in the most straightforward sense of the word, workers. Iwill suggest that the social construction of “busyness,” reflect­ ing this fundamental shift in social structure, has also changed. The problem addressed in this paper is a paradox. There is a welldocumented , cross-nationally consistent historical growth of busy feel­ social research Vol 72 : No 2 : Summer 2005 287 ings through the last part o fthe twentieth centuiy. But there is an equally well-documented, long-term, and very substantial growth in leisure time in nearly eveiy countiy for which we have appropriate evidence. Three general approaches explain this apparent contradiction. The first relates to the observable changes in the allocation o ftime between work and leisure. It may be that although average work time is declining, the work time (and hence feelings o f “busyness”) of specific groups of people are moving differentially so as to produce particular groups that are particularly susceptible to busy feelings. Jacobs and Gerson (2004:123) point to “the increasing time pressures facing dual earner couples, single mothers, employed parents” among others as explaining the increase in “tim e squeeze” perceptions. Similarly, Bittman (2004:154-157), entirely accepting the long-term cross-national trend of increase in leisure time, points to the polarization between household-level unemployment on one side, and dual-career couple households on the other, and identifies the growing size of the latter group as the reason for the ready and initially uncritical acceptance of Schor’s original (1991) overworked American thesis. Bittman’s particu­ larly helpful contribution, which forms the background to this paper, is his combination o f evidence of change in the aggregate of both paid and unpaid work within multiple job parent households as the key issue. Undoubtedly, taking this broad view o f work, and despite the overall growth in leisure time, a growing number o f households face a time squeeze. The second approach, from Linder (1970), is that feelings o f rush­ ing or “busyness” may relate not to work but to changes in the density of leisure. I discuss this line o f argument in the next section. A third approach to the resolution of the paradox, entirely consis­ tent with the forgoing, involves not the externally observable evidence of historical changes in work and leisure time, but a change in the way feelings of “busyness” are constructed out of these. In the discussion that follows, I first address some theoretical approaches that contribute to an understanding ofthis change, and then consider some evidence on the externally observable behavior that might be expected to underlie 288 social research the subjective rating of the phenomenon. What emerges is the hypoth­ esis that the growth in busy feelings may in part reflect an increasingly positive view of “busyness” that results from its association with the increasingly busy lifestyle o f the most privileged groups in developed societies. The brief empirical part of this paper is suggestive rather than conclusive, but it does provide a new perspective on the paradox that merits further investigation. For the moment I w ill leave “busyness” undefined, caged...

Foreword: Hadley v. Baxendale and the Seamless Web of Law

If I tried to discuss all the papers, I would give them only a superficial reference; there are too many to cover with any depth. I did, however, want to discuss some fine examples of the conference and then consider the broader issues that they raise about Hadley as an artifact of the common law, both the common law of the mid-nineteenth century and the common law of the early twenty-first. As the title of the conference suggests, Hadley illustrates how wide-ranging and intertwined the common law is, both in geographic and cultural terms and in terms of its flexibility as the world around us changes.

Feminist Disability Studies

Feminist Disability Studies

Hello, hello Brazil: popular music in the making of modern Brazil

Hello, hello Brazil was the standard greeting Brazilian radio announcers of the 1930s used to welcome their audience into an expanding cultural marketplace. New genres like samba and repackaged older ones like choro served as the currency in this marketplace, minted in the capital in Rio de Janeiro and circulated nationally by the burgeoning recording and broadcasting industries. Bryan McCann chronicles the flourishing of Brazilian popular music between the 1920s and the 1950s. Through analysis of the competing projects of composers, producers, bureaucrats, and fans, he shows that Brazilians alternately envisioned popular music as the foundation of a unified national culture and used it as a tool to probe divisions of race and region. McCann explores the links between the growth of the cultural industry, rapid industrialization, and the rise and fall of Getulio Vargas's Estado Novo dictatorship. He argues that these processes opened a window of opportunity for the creation of enduring cultural patterns and demonstrates that the understandings of popular music cemented in the mid-twentieth century continue to structure Brazilian cultural life in the early twenty-first.

Governing Communities:Parish-Pump Politics or Strategic Partnerships?

The parish pump and the strategic partnership provide two contrasting images of the governance of local communities. The former emphasises local self-government by citizens through democratic processes. The latter concentrates on partnership board meetings where key public, private and voluntary sector actors shape the nature of the local community. An historical perspective is used to demonstrate that the context for UK local governance in the early twentyfirst century is similar to that outside the big cities in the late nineteenth century, but that the policy prescriptions in each era give significantly different roles to elected local authorities. Liberal democratic theories of local govemment are found wanting in the contemporary setting of strategic partnerships. In contrast, consociational theory provides helpful insights into the process of governance by multiple, semi-autonomous actors, but has weaknesses in relation to the articulation between strategic partnerships and civil society. New theorisations of the governance of local communities could build on these approaches.

South-North Migration

The objectives set for this conference were to assess current characteristics of South-North migration; to discuss possible future developments in the light of economic and other push factors in developing countries; and to evaluate future labor demand in developed countries and consider demo? graphic trends in both developed and developing countries. Concerning the first objective, information provided by the Population Division of the United Nations showed that permanent migration to the so-called traditional receiver countries (the United States, Canada and Australia) is now dominated by persons from developing countries. For example, over 85 percent of immigrants to the United States between 1985 and 1989 were from Less Developed Countries (LDCs). European receiving countries have also increased significantly the proportion of immigrants that they admit from developing countries, the Federal Republic of Ger? many having admitted a number almost equal to the number of persons from developed countries. Concerning the third objective, the authors of the paper on South-North migration with special reference to Europe showed that LDCs have the capacity to create, in only twenty years, an additional number of new jobs much greater than the 1990 stock of the entire developed world. Indeed, the proportion of persons living in developing countries in the early twentyfirst century will be much higher than it is today. Subreplacement fertility characterizes developed countries, whereas many developing countries have a long way to go through demographic transition. These orders of magnitude set the agenda for addressing what turned out to be the most difficult, but also the most rewarding, second objective: future developments in South-North migration in the light of economic and other

Transformaciones espaciotemporales de la Reserva Natural Laguna de Sonso (Colombia) desde mediados del siglo XX a principios del siglo XXI

El actual modelo económico capitalista suscita cada vez más el acaparamiento de recursos a nivel global, entre ellos, suelo, bosque y agua. En ese contexto, en los últimos setenta años las élites económicas respaldadas a través de políticas de desarrollo, han promovido la expansión del monocultivo de caña de azúcar en el departamento del Valle del Cauca y otras regiones de Colombia. Ante tal situación, los humedales como ecosistemas estratégicos por su contenido en fauna y flora, riqueza paisajística y fuente de sustento de comunidades locales, son vulnerados ante la expansión del cultivo. Para entender este proceso, primero se realiza un análisis multitemporal de coberturas del suelo al complejo de humedales que integran la Reserva Natural Laguna de Sonso (desde mediados del siglo XX hasta principios del siglo XXI), y segundo, incorporaran técnicas cualitativas de investigación. Los resultados permiten avanzar en conocimientos locales para la defensa y conservación de humedales, así como su planificación y manejo.

Problems in evaluation of R-1625.

Back to table of contents Previous article Next article ArticleNo AccessPROBLEMS IN EVALUATION OF R-1625HERMAN C. B. DENBER, PAUL RAJOTTE, and DOROTHY KAUFFMANHERMAN C. B. DENBERSearch for more papers by this author, PAUL RAJOTTESearch for more papers by this author, and DOROTHY KAUFFMANSearch for more papers by this authorPublished Online:1 Apr 2006https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.116.4.356AboutSectionsView articleAbstractPDF/EPUB ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail View articleAbstractIt was not possible to influence the clinical picture in 21 of 30 acute and chronic female psychotic patients following treatment with R-1625. Access content To read the fulltext, please use one of the options below to sign in or purchase access. Personal login Institutional Login Sign in via OpenAthens Purchase Save for later Item saved, go to cart PPV Articles - American Journal of Psychiatry $35.00 Add to cart PPV Articles - American Journal of Psychiatry Checkout Please login/register if you wish to pair your device and check access availability. Not a subscriber? Subscribe Now / Learn More PsychiatryOnline subscription options offer access to the DSM-5 library, books, journals, CME, and patient resources. This all-in-one virtual library provides psychiatrists and mental health professionals with key resources for diagnosis, treatment, research, and professional development. Need more help? PsychiatryOnline Customer Service may be reached by emailing [email protected] or by calling 800-368-5777 (in the U.S.) or 703-907-7322 (outside the U.S.). FiguresReferencesCited byDetailsCited byTurned to Stone: A History of the Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome26 October 2022 | Neurocritical Care, Vol. 159From the Second Half of the Twentieth Century to the Early Twenty-First: The Psychopharmacologic Era27 November 2021Brain Research Bulletin, Vol. 79, No. 2Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Vol. 96, No. 1Annals of Clinical Psychiatry, Vol. 17, No. 3International Journal of the Addictions, Vol. 27, No. 3, Vol. 3Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, Vol. 40, No. 1Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, Vol. 39, No. s169PsychopharmakotherapieCOMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE ACTION OF BUTYRYLPERAZINE AT MANHATTAN STATE HOSPITAL AND THE UNIVERSITY PSYCHIATRIC CLINIC AT ERLANGENHERMAN C. B. DENBER, D. BENTE, and PAUL RAJOTTE1 April 2006 | American Journal of Psychiatry, Vol. 119, No. 3THIRD EVALUATION OF HALOPERIDOLHERMAN C. B. DENBER, DANIELLE FLORIO, and PAUL RAJOTTE1 April 2006 | American Journal of Psychiatry, Vol. 119, No. 2TRANSIENT PSYCHOTIC REACTIONS DURING TRAVELDON E. FLINN1 April 2006 | American Journal of Psychiatry, Vol. 119, No. 2Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vol. 50, No. 4 Volume 116Issue 4 October 1959Pages 356-357 Metrics PDF download History Published online 1 April 2006 Published in print 1 October 1959

PHYSIOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY

Back to table of contents Next article ArticleNo AccessPHYSIOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRYR. W. GERARDR. W. GERARDSearch for more papers by this authorPublished Online:1 Apr 2006https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.106.3.161AboutSectionsPDF/EPUB ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail PDFThis content is only available as a PDF. Access content To read the fulltext, please use one of the options below to sign in or purchase access. Personal login Institutional Login Sign in via OpenAthens Purchase Save for later Item saved, go to cart PPV Articles - American Journal of Psychiatry $35.00 Add to cart PPV Articles - American Journal of Psychiatry Checkout Please login/register if you wish to pair your device and check access availability. Not a subscriber? Subscribe Now / Learn More PsychiatryOnline subscription options offer access to the DSM-5 library, books, journals, CME, and patient resources. This all-in-one virtual library provides psychiatrists and mental health professionals with key resources for diagnosis, treatment, research, and professional development. Need more help? PsychiatryOnline Customer Service may be reached by emailing [email protected] or by calling 800-368-5777 (in the U.S.) or 703-907-7322 (outside the U.S.). FiguresReferencesCited byDetailsCited ByFrom the Second Half of the Twentieth Century to the Early Twenty-First: The Psychopharmacologic Era27 November 2021Acta Physiologica, Vol. 222, No. 2, Vol. 28, Vol. 122Reviews in the Neurosciences, Vol. 22, No. 2Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Vol. 1191, No. 1A Bridge Over Troubled Water: Reconsolidation as a Link Between Cognitive and Neuroscientific Memory Research TraditionsAnnual Review of Psychology, Vol. 61, No. 1Acta Neurologica Scandinavica, Vol. 64, No. S89Psychopharmacology, Vol. 197, No. 1Current Biology, Vol. 18, No. 20Neuron, Vol. 60, No. 2Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, Vol. 89, No. 3Cognitive Brain Research, Vol. 24, No. 2The Cognitive Effect Profiles of NMDA Receptor Modulating Drugs are Resolvable If Stimulus Complexity Is Varied in a Number Discernment Task18 May 2016 | Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience Reviews, Vol. 2, No. 2Progress in Neurobiology, Vol. 70, No. 5Memory--a Century of ConsolidationScience, Vol. 287, No. 5451Psychoneuroendocrinology, Vol. 25, No. 3Brain Research Bulletin, Vol. 50, No. 5-6Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, Vol. 21, No. 1European Journal of Neuroscience, Vol. 8, No. 11Behavioral and Neural Biology, Vol. 62, No. 3Behavioral and Neural Biology, Vol. 57, No. 1Behavioral and Neural Biology, Vol. 56, No. 1Significance and Remembrance: The Role of Neuromodulatory Systems25 April 2017 | Psychological Science, Vol. 1, No. 1Behavioral and Neural Biology, Vol. 51, No. 2Memory: Neural Organization and Behavior1 January 2011The Neurobiology of Learning and MemoryScience, Vol. 233, No. 4767Behavioral and Neural Biology, Vol. 43, No. 3Behavioral and Neural Biology, Vol. 38, No. 2Psychopharmacology, Vol. 57, No. 2Neuronal Plasticity and the Modification of Behavior1 January 2011, Vol. 12Behavioral Biology, Vol. 16, No. 4, Vol. 8Physiology & Behavior, Vol. 5, No. 10Neuroscience Translations, Vol. 2, No. 4Nature, Vol. 219, No. 5155Some theoretical considerations in relation to innate appetite for saltConditional Reflex, Vol. 1, No. 3Nature, Vol. 210, No. 5033Memory MoleculesThe Lancet, Vol. 286, No. 7425Nature, Vol. 207, No. 4994 Volume 106Issue 3 September 1949Pages 161-173 Metrics PDF download History Published online 1 April 2006 Published in print 1 September 1949