Early Trauma Inventory Self Research Articles

The Relationship of Sexual Abuse with Self-Esteem, Depression, and Problematic Internet Use in Korean Adolescents

The association of sexual victimization with self-esteem, depression, and problematic internet use was examined in Korean adolescents. A total of 695 middle and high school students were recruited (413 boys, 282 girls, mean age, 14.06±1.37 years). The participants were administered the Early Trauma Inventory Self Report-Short Form (ETISR-SF), Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI), and Young's Internet Addiction Test (IAT). The associations between sexual abuse and the level of self-esteem, depressive symptoms, and problematic internet use were analyzed. Adolescents who had experienced sexual abuse showed lower self-esteem, more depressive symptoms, and greater problematic internet use compared with adolescents who had not experienced sexual abuse. In the path model, sexual abuse predicted lower self-esteem (β=-0.11; 95% CI=-0.20, -0.04; p=0.009), which predicted higher depressive symptoms (β=-0.34; 95% CI=-0.40, -0.27; p=0.008). Depressive symptoms predicted problematic internet use in a positive way (β=0.23; 95% CI=0.16–0.29; p=0.013). Sexual abuse also predicted problematic internet use directly (β=0.20; 95% CI=0.12–0.27; p=0.012). The results of the present study indicate that sexually abused adolescents had a higher risk of depression and problematic internet use. For sexually abused adolescents, programs aimed at raising self-esteem and preventing internet addiction, as well as mental health screening, are needed.

Eraly trauma experience is associated with obsessive-compulsive disorder

Objective To compare the difference of early trauma experience between early-onset and late-onset obsessive-compulsive disorder(OCD), and the kinds of early trauma in the cause of OCD. Methods Three hundred and twenty-six patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder and 480 healthy controls were enrolled. Early Trauma Inventory-Short Form (ETI-SF)was applied to assess the early trauma experience, compare the difference of early trauma experience between early-onset (n=138)and late-onset (n=188)OCD, and the kinds of early trauma in the cause of OCD. Results There were significant differences in the early trauma experience between obsessive-compulsive disorder group and control group((3.90±3.61) vs (1.88±2.61), P<0.01). Scores of physical((1.12±1.38) vs (0.71±1.23), P=0.001), emotional((1.58±1.71) vs (0.42±1.01), P<0.01), and sexual abuse((0.27±0.59) vs (0.09±0.36), P=0.001), and a general traumatic experience((0.94±1.17) vs (0.66±1.09), P<0.01) were significant difference between patients and controls. Except sexual abuse((0.30±0.66) vs (0.24±0.67), P=0.42), there were significant differences in the early trauma between early-onset and late-onset OCD((5.12±3.58) vs (3.01±3.38), P<0.01), especially emotional abuse((2.18±1.76) vs (1.12±1.53), P<0.01).247(75.8%) OCD patients and 79(57.9%) healthy controls experienced early trauma(χ2=21.48, P<0.01). Experiencing one kind of early trauma, the prevalence of OCD was 39.1%, two kind was 61.0%, three kind of early trauma was 65.8%, and experiencing four or more kind of early trauma, the prevalence of OCD was up to 84.4%. Conclusion OCD patients have much more early trauma, especially early-onset OCD.Experiencing more kind of early trauma, and the prevalence of OCD higher may associated with the development of obsessive-compulsive disorder. It is important to consider the role of childhood trauma in the prevention and treatment of OCD. Key words: Obsessive-compulsive disorder; Early trauma; Early trauma inventory self report-short form(ETISR-SF)

Adverse childhood experiences are associated with irritable bowel syndrome and gastrointestinal symptom severity.

Early adverse life events (EALs) are associated with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Exposure to EALs as assessed by the Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) questionnaire is associated with greater disease prevalence, but ACE has not been studied in gastrointestinal disorders. Study aims were to: (i) Estimate the prevalence of EALs in the IBS patients using the ACE questionnaire; (ii) Determine correlations between ACE and Early Trauma Inventory Self Report-Short Form (ETI-SR) scores to confirm its validity in IBS; and (iii) Correlate ACE scores with IBS symptom severity. A total of 148 IBS (73% women, mean age = 31 years) and 154 HCs (59% women, mean age = 30 years) completed the ACE and ETI-SR between June 2010 and April 2015. These surveys measured EALs before age 18 in the domains of physical, sexual, and emotional abuse, and general trauma. IBS and abdominal pain severity was measured by a 20-point scale (0 = none, 20 = worst symptoms). The ACE score increased the odds of having IBS (odds ratio [OR] = 2.05, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.21-3.48, p = 0.008). Household mental illness (p < 0.001), emotional abuse (p = 0.004), and incarcerated household member (p = 0.019) were significant predictors of IBS. Adverse childhood experiences and ETI-SR scores were strongly correlated (r = 0.59, p < 0.001). ACE, but not ETI-SR, modestly correlated with IBS severity (r = 0.17, p = 0.036) and abdominal pain (r = 0.20, p = 0.015). The ACE questionnaire is a useful instrument to measure EALs in IBS based on its use in large studies, its ability to measure prevalence across different EAL domains, and its correlation with symptom severity.

Relationship of early-life trauma, war-related trauma, personality traits, and PTSD symptom severity: a retrospective study on female civilian victims of war

BackgroundConsequences of war-related traumatisation have mostly been investigated in military and predominant male populations, while research on female civilian victims of war has been neglected. Furthermore, research of post-war posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in women has rarely included early-life trauma in their prediction models, so the contribution of trauma in childhood and early youth is still unexplored.ObjectiveTo examine the relationship of early-life trauma, war-related trauma, personality traits, and symptoms of posttraumatic stress among female civilian victims of the recent war in Croatia.MethodThe cross-sectional study included 394 participants, 293 war-traumatised adult women civilians, and 101 women without war-related trauma. Participants were recruited using the snowball sampling method. The applied instruments included the Clinician-Administrated PTSD Scale (CAPS), the NEO Personality Inventory-Revised (NEO-PI-R), the War Stressors Assessment Questionnaire (WSAQ), and the Early Trauma Inventory Self Report-Short Form (ETISR-SF). A hierarchical multiple regression analysis was performed to assess the prediction model of PTSD symptom severity measured by CAPS score for current PTSD.ResultsThe prevalence of current PTSD (CAPS cut-off score=65) in this cohort was 20.7%. The regression model that included age, early-life trauma, war-related trauma, neuroticism, and extraversion as statistically significant predictors explained 45.8% of variance in PTSD symptoms.ConclusionsOlder age, exposure to early-life trauma, exposure to war-related traumatic events, high neuroticism, and low extraversion are independent factors associated with higher level of PTSD symptoms among women civilian victims of war.

Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio predicting suicide risk in euthymic patients with bipolar disorder: Moderatory effect of family history

BackgroundNeutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been independently related to bipolar disorder (BD) and factors associated with suicidal risk. The aim of our study was to explore the relationship between NLR and suicide risk in euthymic BD patients. We also sought to propose a model of interaction between NLR and stress–diathesis factors, leading to suicidal risk in BD. MethodsThe study group consisted of 83 patients diagnosed with BD (36 suicide attempters; 47 suicide non-attempters), compared to the healthy control group (n=73) and matched according to age, gender, and body mass index (BMI). NLR was measured according to the complete blood count. Mood symptoms have been assessed by Young Mania Rating Scale and Montgomery–Asberg Depression Rating Scale. Early trauma and acute stress were evaluated by Early Trauma Inventory Self Report–Short Form and List of Threatening Experiences Questionnaire, respectively. Suicide risk has been assessed by Suicide Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R). ResultsSignificant correlation was found between NLR and SBQ-R score. The main effects of suicide attempts on NLR, after covarying for confounders, were observed, indicating increased NLR in BD suicide attempters compared to healthy controls. We found significant moderatory effects of family history on NLR relationship to suicidal risk, with NLR being significant positive predictor of suicidal risk only in the patients with positive family history of suicide attempts. ConclusionsThe results suggest an enhancing effect of positive family history of suicide attempts on predictive effect of NLR on suicide risk. Our data support the idea that immune markers can predict suicide attempt risk in BD, but only in the subpopulation of BD patients with family history of suicide attempts. This could lead to prevention in suicide behavior in the patient population at particular risk of suicide.

Early Childhood Adversity and Pregnancy Outcomes.

To examine the association between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and pregnancy outcomes; to explore mediators of this association including psychiatric illness and health habits. Exposure to ACEs was determined by the Early Trauma Inventory Self Report Short Form; psychiatric diagnoses were generated by the Composite International Diagnostic Interview administered in a cohort of 2303 pregnant women. Linear regression and structural equation modeling bootstrapping approaches tested for multiple mediators. Each additional ACE decreased birth weight by 16.33 g and decreased gestational age by 0.063. Smoking was the strongest mediator of the effect on gestational age. ACEs have an enduring effect on maternal reproductive health, as manifested by mothers' delivery of offspring that were of reduced birth weight and shorter gestational age.

Increased white matter connectivity in traumatized children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

To distinguish between the consequences of trauma exposure and those of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), we compared brain diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) of children according to the diagnosis and the presence of a potentially traumatic event (PTE). The Early Trauma Inventory Self Report-Short Form (ETISR-SF) was used for the assessment of PTEs. Subjects who experienced any traumatic event were placed in the PTE group, and subjects who did not experience such a traumatic event were placed in the non-PTE group. We examined the interactions between ADHD and PTEs in brain [fractional anisotropy (FA) values and mean diffusivity (MD) values] in 54 children with ADHD (29 with PTEs and 25 without PTEs) and 41 controls (18 with PTEs and 23 without PTEs). Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) revealed main effects of ADHD for FA and MD values in several white matter tracts in the absence of main effects for PTEs. In addition, there was a significant ADHD–PTEs interaction in relation to FA and MD values in several white matter tracts. Further longitudinal studies in a larger sample are warranted to evaluate the neurobiological sequelae related to childhood trauma, ADHD, and interaction between the two.

Mo1288 Internal Consistency and Test-Retest Reliability of the Early Trauma Inventory Self Report-Short Form (ETI-SR) in Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) and Healthy Controls

Mo1288 Internal Consistency and Test-Retest Reliability of the Early Trauma Inventory Self Report-Short Form (ETI-SR) in Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) and Healthy Controls

The history of childhood trauma is associated with lipid disturbances and blood pressure in adult first-episode schizophrenia patients

ObjectiveIt has repeatedly been found that early-life traumatic events may contribute to metabolic dysregulation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the association between the history of childhood trauma and cardiovascular risk factors in first-episode schizophrenia (FES) patients. MethodThe history of childhood trauma was assessed using the Early Trauma Inventory Self Report — Short Form (ETISR-SF) in 83 FES patients. Based on the ETISR-SF, patients were divided into those with positive and negative history of childhood trauma: FES(+) and FES(−) patients. Serum levels of fasting glucose lipids, homocysteine, vitamin B12 and folate, as well as anthropometric parameters and resting systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) were measured. ResultsThe history of childhood trauma was associated with higher low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels, SBP and DBP after covarying for age, gender, body mass index, education and chlorpromazine equivalent. There were significant correlations between scores of distinct ETISR-SF subscales and LDL, high-density lipoprotein, SBP, DBP and the number of metabolic syndrome criteria. ConclusionsResults of this study indicate that traumatic events during childhood might be related to higher resting blood pressure and higher LDL levels in adult FES patients.

Joint effect of ADARB1 gene, HTR2C gene and stressful life events on suicide attempt risk in patients with major psychiatric disorders

Objectives. Adenosine to inosine RNA editing, serotonin 2C receptor (HTR2C), and stressful life events (SLEs) have all been implicated in suicidal behaviour. We examined the main and moderating effects of RNA editing (ADAR, ADARB1) and HTR2C genes, childhood trauma (CT), recent SLEs and psychiatric disorders as contributors to suicide attempt (SA) vulnerability. Methods. Study included 165 suicide attempters and 188 suicide non-attempters, all diagnosed with one of major psychiatric disorders. CT and recent SLEs were assessed using Early Trauma Inventory–Self Report and List of Threatening Experiences Questionnaire, respectively. Selected ADAR and ADARB1 tag-variants, and HTR2C rs6318 were pre-screened for association with SA, while generalized linear models and backward selection were applied to identify individual and interacting SA risk factors. Results. ADARB1 rs9983925 and rs4819035 and HTR2C rs6318 were associated with SA. The best minimal model found emotional abuse, recent SLEs, rs9983925 and rs6318 as independent SA risk factors, and general traumas as a factor moderating the effect of psychiatric disorders and emotional abuse. Conclusions. SA vulnerability in psychiatric patients is related to the joint effect of ADARB1 and HTR2C variants, the existing mood disorder and the cumulative exposures to a various childhood and recent stressful experiences.

Childhood trauma, parental death, and their co-occurrence in relation to current suicidality risk in adults: a nationwide community sample of Korea.

Although previous studies have suggested that childhood trauma and parental death are strongly associated with suicidality in adulthood, it is still unclear how these factors interact within the same population. A total of 1396 adults were recruited through nationwide multistage probability sampling in South Korea. Subjects were evaluated through face-to-face interviews using the Suicidality Module of the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview and the Early Trauma Inventory Self Report-Short Form. Among the 1396 adults, the group that experienced both childhood trauma and parental death had the highest current suicidality risks (F = 12.16, p < 0.0001) and lifetime suicide attempt (χ2 = 35.81, p < 0.0001) compared with the other groups, which were only childhood trauma, only parental death, and neither. Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that middle-to-high current suicidality risk and lifetime suicide attempt were significantly associated with concurrent childhood trauma and parental death (odds ratio, 3.64; 95% confidence interval, 1.99-6.65) as well as with only childhood trauma (odds ratio, 1.95; 95% confidence interval, 1.33-2.87), after adjusting for age, sex, education, marital status, household monthly income, and living area. Emotional abuse was the only type of childhood trauma significantly associated with higher current suicidality scores in those who experienced childhood parental death than in those who did not (F = 3.26, p = 0.041). Current suicidality risk and lifetime suicide attempt are associated with experiencing both parental death and trauma, especially emotional abuse, in childhood, whereas experiencing only childhood parental death is associated with neither.

Maladaptive family dysfunction and parental death as risk markers of childhood abuse in women.

This study aims to examine the prevalence and characteristics of physical, emotional and sexual childhood abuse. It also examines whether other non-abuse types of childhood adversities related to maladaptive family functioning and separations during childhood can be used as markers for the presence of childhood abuse. Participants (N = 237) were women at 2-3 days after delivery that completed the Spanish-validated version of the Early Trauma Inventory Self Report (ETI-SR; Bremner, Bolus, & Mayer, 2007; Plaza et al., 2011), designed to assess the presence of childhood adversities. Results show that 29% of the women had experienced some type of childhood abuse, and 10% more than one type. Logistic regression analyses indicate that childhood parental death is a risk marker for childhood emotional abuse (OR: 3.77; 95% CI: 1.327-10.755; p <.013), childhood parental substance abuse is a risk marker for childhood sexual (OR: 3.72; 95% CI: 1.480-9.303; p < .005) and physical abuse (OR: 2.610; 95% CI: 1.000-6.812; p < .05) and that childhood family mental illness is a risk marker for childhood emotional (OR: 2.95; 95% CI: 1.175-7.441; p < .021) and sexual abuse (OR: 2.55; 95% CI: 1.168-5.580; p < .019). The high prevalence of childhood abuse indicates a need for assessment during the perinatal period. Screening for childhood family mental illness, parental substance abuse, and parental death - all identified risk factors for reporting childhood abuse - can help to identify women that should be assessed specifically regarding abuse.

Psychometrics Properties of Early Trauma Inventory Self Report – Short Form (ETISR-SR) for the Brazilian Context

This study aims to translate and validate Early Trauma Inventory Self Report -Short Form (ETISR-SF) to Brazilian Portuguese. 253 adult subjects answered the ETISR-SF, Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and Fast Alcohol Screening Test (FAST). The instrument showed good internal consistency (0.83). Correlations with the PHQ-9 and BAI were moderate (r=0.26-0.47) and showed the expected associations with psychiatric constructs. No associations were found for FTND and FAST. Confirmatory Factor Analysis revealed that a correlated four-factor model as well as a second order model subsuming four lower order components presented the best model fit. Test-retest reliability was also excellent (ICC=0.78-0.90). ETISR-SF is suitable for assessing traumatic experiences in a Brazilian community sample. Given the importance of trauma as a public health problem, tools such as ETISR-SF may help clinicians/ researchers to better evaluate and measure such events and further advance clinical care of trauma victims.

Association of elevated cytokines with childhood adversity in a sample of healthy adults

ObjectiveChildhood trauma has been associated adult stress-related disorders. However, little is known about physiologic alterations in adults with a history of early life trauma that do not have current psychiatric or medical diagnoses. In this study, the relationships between childhood adversity and cytokine and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in healthy adults were examined. MethodParticipants included men (n = 18) and women (n = 20) who did not meet DSM-IV criteria for Axis I psychiatric disorders or any major medical illness. Cytokine and CRP levels were obtained from baseline blood samples. Subjects completed the Early Trauma Inventory Self Report (ETI-SR). The primary outcomes included serum interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL1-β), and CRP levels. In addition, the mean numbers of traumatic experiences (sexual, physical, emotional, general, and the summed total) were measured. ResultsSignificant positive associations were found between the total ETI score and IL-6 (p = 0.05), IL1-β (p < 0.05), and TNF-α (p = 0.01). Significant positive correlations were found between the number of general traumas and IL1-β (p < 0.05), TNF-α (p < 0.05), and IL-6 (p < 0.01). Neither the total number of traumas nor any of the trauma subscales were significantly associated with CRP levels. ConclusionsThe positive association between childhood trauma and basal cytokine levels supports the extant literature demonstrating the long-term impact of childhood trauma and stress on homeostatic systems. Importantly, this association was found in healthy adults, suggesting that these alterations may precede the development of significant stress-related psychiatric disorder or disease.

Pathways to Age of Onset of Heroin Use: A Structural Model Approach Exploring the Relationship of the COMT Gene, Impulsivity and Childhood Trauma

BackgroundThe interaction of the association of dopamine genes, impulsivity and childhood trauma with substance abuse remains unclear.ObjectivesTo clarify the impacts and the interactions of the Catechol -O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene, impulsivity and childhood trauma on the age of onset of heroin use among heroin dependent patients in China.Methods202 male and 248 female inpatients who meet DSM-IV criteria of heroin dependence were enrolled. Impulsivity and childhood trauma were measured using BIS-11 (Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11) and ETISR-SF (Early Trauma Inventory Self Report-Short Form). The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs737866 on the COMT gene-which has previously been associated with heroin abuse, was genotyped using a DNA sequence detection system. Structural equations model was used to assess the interaction paths between these factors and the age of onset of heroin use.Principal FindingsChi-square test indicated the individuals with TT allele have earlier age of onset of heroin use than those with CT or CC allele. In the correlation analysis, the severity of childhood trauma was positively correlated to impulsive score, but both of them were negatively related to the age of onset of heroin use. In structure equation model, both the COMT gene and childhood trauma had impacts on the age of onset of heroin use directly or via impulsive personality.ConclusionsOur findings indicated that the COMT gene, impulsive personality traits and childhood trauma experience were interacted to impact the age of onset of heroin use, which play a critical role in the development of heroin dependence. The impact of environmental factor was greater than the COMT gene in the development of heroin dependence.

Childhood trauma and platelet brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) after a three month follow-up in patients with major depressive disorder

A large amount of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is stored in the human platelets and only small amounts of it circulate in the plasma. However, a few studies have focused on platelet BDNF in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and childhood trauma. Our study population consisted of 105 MDD patients and 50 healthy controls. We used the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.), the Early Trauma Inventory Self Report-Short Form (ETISR-SF), as well as measured serum, plasma, and platelet BDNF at baseline, 1 month, and 3 month periods. There was a significant association between childhood trauma and platelet BDNF at baseline, 1 month, and 3 months, after adjusting for age, gender, education, body mass index, severity of depression, anxiety, alcohol consumption, and current stress. Conversely, plasma and serum BDNF did not have a significant association with childhood trauma. MDD patients revealed significantly higher levels of platelet BDNF in those with childhood trauma than in those without (t = 2.4, p = 0.018), and platelet BDNF was significantly higher in cases with sexual abuse on post-hoc analysis (p = 0.042). However, no significant differences were found in healthy controls, according to whether or not they had experienced childhood trauma. Platelet BDNF showed a significant correlation with severity of childhood trauma at baseline (r = 0.25, p = 0.012) and at 3 months (r = 0.38, p = 0.003) in MDD. In conclusion, platelet BDNF was significantly higher in MDD patients with childhood trauma than in those without, and it was correlated with severity of trauma.

The Early Trauma Inventory Self Report-Short Form: Psychometric Properties of the Korean Version

ObjectiveExperiencing traumatic events in childhood is related to various psychiatric problems in adulthood, and a comprehensive tool for measuring childhood trauma is necessary in this field. This study aimed to examine the psychometric properties, and factor structure of the Korean version of the Early Trauma Inventory Self Report-Short Form (ETISR-SF). ETISR-SF measures the childhood trauma, including physical, and emotional sexual abuse, as well as general traumas.MethodsA clinical and nonclinical samples comprising of 97 subjects from a local community, and 207 patients with the ETISR-SF, were assessed. Other tools, including the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) were used to assess clinical symptoms. Additional data from 69 college students was used to examine the test-retest reliability.ResultsThe original four-factor model was supported by the confirmatory factor analysis scale [χ2 (351, n=304)=3374.025, p<0.001, TLI=0.969, CFI=0.972, RMSEA=0.030]. The ETISR-SF was found to be a reliable instrument (Cronbach's α=0.869). Comparison of the ETISR-SF scores discriminated the clinical group from that of the control group. The measure showed good convergent and divergent validity, in that the scores were correlated higher with the scores on the CTQ-SF (0.691) than with the scores on the BDI or BAI (0.424, 0.397 respectively). The ETISR-SF was found to be temporally stable, showing the moderate to high correlation (0.844).ConclusionThese findings suggest that the Korean version of the ETISR-SF appears to be a reliable and valid instrument for the measurement of reported childhood trauma.

A Case-control Study of Childhood and Adult Trauma in the Development of Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)

Purpose: Childhood physical or sexual abuse and parental deprivation have been implicated in adult IBS development. However, data regarding other forms of trauma are lacking, particularly in families. Specific aims: 1. To determine whether childhood and/or adult trauma is associated with adult IBS. 2. To identify characteristics of the trauma that are associated with IBS. Methods: Previous participants of a large family case-control study (DK66271) were re-contacted and mailed the Early Trauma Inventory Self Report (ETISR) with 27 types of trauma. 4520 subjects (595 cases, 584 controls, 3338 relatives) were contacted. Overall trauma scores (OT) and subscale-General Trauma (GT), Physical Abuse (PA), Emotional Abuse (EA), Sexual Abuse (SA) scores were compared between cases and controls, case- and control-relatives using logistic regression adjusting for age and gender. Results: 2625 (58%) agreed to participate: 430 cases, 447 controls, 827 caserelatives, 921 control-relatives. Cases reported more traumas over a lifetime than controls [median 7.0 traumas (3.0 GT, 1.0 PA, 1.0 EA, 0 SA) v. 4.0 (3.0 GT, 0 PA, 0 EA, 0 SA), p<0.01]. Traumas were equally common before age 18 as well as experienced after age 18. Cases were more likely to report all forms of trauma except experiencing a death of a friend, observing a murder, being burned, and specific sexual encounters. In contrast, trauma scores were generally similar between case-relatives and control relatives (OT score before 18: 3.0 v. 3.0, p=0.17; OT score after 18: 3.0 v. 3.0, p-0.13). However, case-relatives with IBS had higher trauma scores than unaffected case-relatives and controlrelatives (p<0.05) except for SA. Conclusion: Childhood and adult traumas are more common among adults with IBS, but to a lesser degree among affected and unaffected case-relatives. General traumas were more commonly reported than physical, emotional, or sexual abuse. The above confirms that psychological and physical stressors experienced over a lifetime may contribute to adult IBS.

P02-385 - Childhood trauma experience and obsessive-compulsive disorder in Chinese population: A case control study

BackgroundChildhood trauma is known to predispose to a variety of psychiatric disorders, including anxiety, mood, and substance use. However, the relationship between childhood trauma and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has not been well studied. The aim of the present study is to compare childhood trauma experience between OCD and controls, and explore its impact on symptoms of OCD.MethodsOne hundred eighty-five outpatients who met DSM-IV diagnosis of OCD and 132 gender- age- matched controls were included in this study. The Early Trauma Inventory Self Report-Short Form (ETISR-SF) was administered to all participants to evaluate 4 types (general, physical, emotional and sexual) of trauma and its severity. The Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) was used to measure the severity of symptoms of OCD patients.ResultsOCD patients showed a significantly greater severity in all four types of trauma when compare with controls. 77% of OCD patients reported at least one type of childhood trauma experience, and 18% reported sexual trauma. Sexual trauma experience is significantly associated with obsessive but not compulsive symptoms of OCD patients. When compared to female OCD patients, male patients reported significantly higher scores on general trauma, physical abuse and emotional abuse; but lower of sexual abuse.ConclusionThe present study revealed the high prevalence of childhood trauma among OCD patients, which is consistent with evidence from previous studies suggesting that childhood trauma may play a role in the development of mental disorders. It may be important to consider the impact of childhood trauma in OCD clinical management.

Patterns of Childhood Trauma and Psychological Distress among Injecting Heroin Users in China

BackgroundChildhood trauma has been reported as a possible cause of future substance abuse in some countries. This study reports the prevalence of childhood trauma and examines its association with psychological distress among injecting drug users from mainland China.MethodologyThe study was conducted in three government-operated drug rehabilitation facilities in Shanghai, China in 2007. The Early Trauma Inventory Self Report-Short Form (ETISR-SF) was used to evaluate 4 types (general, emotional, physical and sexual) and severity of childhood trauma, and the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R) to evaluate psychological distress.Principal FindingsAmong 341 injecting drug users who completed the study, about 80% reported one or more types of childhood trauma, specifically 53% general trauma, 56% physical abuse, 36% emotional abuse and 26% sexual abuse. Compared to female injecting drug users, males reported significantly higher scores of general trauma and physical abuse, but lower sexual abuse scores. Hierarchical linear regression analyses showed that greater physical and emotional abuse in childhood predict greater current psychopathological distress among these injecting drug users in China.ConclusionsThe results reveal a high prevalence of childhood trauma among injecting drug users in China, and it is comparable to other similar studies in Western countries. It is important to consider the role of childhood trauma in the prevention and treatment of substance abuse.