Early Prototype Research Articles

Rancang Bangun Purwarupa Aplikasi Deteksi Dini Penyakit Jantung Berbasis Case Base Reasoning dengan Keamanan Data

The prevalence of heart disease has been consistently increasing in five recent years. In average 15 out of 1000 people have heart disease. Currently heart disease becomes the second leading cause of death in Indonesia. Early detection will guide the appropriate treatments to increase recovery opportunity. In another hand, many healthcare facilities in Indonesia are not equipped with the cardiologist. It triggers many heart disease cases are late to handle due late detection. Thus, we propose web based early heart disease detection application prototype using Case Base Reasoning framework. It is intended to support small clinic or other healthcare facilities which have no cardiologist to provide early detection of heart disease. The application is equipped with data security to handle the data privacy of the patient. Based on the black box evaluation by the expert, it is concluded that all the provided features can be run functionally.

Support for food innovation

Support for food innovation

A balloon-borne imaging Fourier transform spectrometer for atmospheric trace gas profiling.

The upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) region is a highly variable region of the atmosphere and critical for understanding climate. Yet, it remains undersampled in the observational satellite record. Due to recent advances in interferometer and infrared detection technologies, imaging Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS) technology has been identified as a feasible remote sensing approach to obtain the required precision and spatial resolution of atmospheric trace gas composition in the UTLS. Building on the success of instruments such as the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding and gimbaled limb observer for radiance imaging of the atmosphere, the limb imaging Fourier transform spectrometer experiment (LIFE) instrument, of which this paper details the designand performance, is a balloon-borne infrared imaging FTS developed as an early prototype of a low earth orbit satellite instrument. LIFE is constructed primarily with commercially available off-the-shelf components, with a designemphasis on greatly reducing the complexity of the instrument, particularly the cooling requirements, with a minimal reduction in information gain on the target atmospheric greenhouse gases of water vapor, methane, ozone, and nitrous oxide. The developed instrument was characterized through a series of thermal and vacuum tests and validated through a successful demonstration balloon flight during the 2019 Strato-Science campaign in Canada. In the calibration of the data from the balloon flight, an issue was identified regarding a lack of knowledge in the emissivity of the on-board blackbody calibration sources. These systematic effects were minimized through the application of an emissivity ratio determined from the characterization tests where a wider range of known blackbody temperatures were available. Despite this identified calibration issue, the results demonstrate that the instrument is capable of meeting primary performance requirements for trace gas retrievals of the target atmospheric species.

EVALUATING PROTOTYPING SUPPORT IN EARLY TRANSFORMATIVE PSS DESIGN

AbstractPrototypes are an established tool for rapidly increasing learning, communication and decision making rationale for design projects. The proven success has spawned a litany of approaches and methods for building and planning the efficient planning and construction of prototypes. Translating these methods into simple usable tools to assist novice designers has generated broadly applicable canvases to support prototyping across the design process. Product Service System design has similarly introduced prototyping methods and tools into the process. Presently there is a lack of support for generating early phase tangible prototypes for functional PSS design aimed at more radically innovative solutions instead of currently dominant traditional products with traditional add-on services. This work explores the viability of utilizing existing prototyping support tools in the context of early PSS design through workshops with student designers and practitioners. The data from these workshops illuminates the alignments and misalignment gaps presented as guidelines to enable better support for early PSS designers.

INCEPTION OF BRAIN-COMPUTER INTERFACE (BCI)-BASED STRESS MONITORING SYSTEM (SMS) IN MODERN COMBAT OUTFITS: AN COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS

With the progressive advancement in Information and Computer technology, the battlefield scenario is also fetching with more complexity day by day. Therefore, soldiers’ overall stress management system has to turn out to be an inescapable part of combat efficiency. During any military operation, a real-time analysis of varied stress factors that troops usually encounter will certainly facilitate the commanders at all levels in their decision-making process. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to develop an early prototype of a stress monitoring system named as Soldiers Stress Monitoring System, in abbreviated form SMS. The proposed system incorporates the brain waves and physiological data of (deployed) soldiers to quantity their stress level and assists the higher commander to take the best decision about troops’ deployment (continue/return). The Electroencephalography (EEG) based Brain-Computer Interfacing (BCI) technology was used to acquire the brain signals, while machine learning was adopted to facilitate the decision-making process for the higher commander. A lightweight evaluation study was also carried out where it has been found that the identified stress factors and the decision assistance procedures of the proposed system were effective and efficient for deciding on the military operation by the higher command. Moreover, the study showed that the Bayes Net algorithm demonstrated a better accuracy of 98.4% followed by the JRip algorithm of 97.5% while categorizing the soldiers’ stress status.

Thomas H. Kunz

Thomas H. Kunz

Telling Interactive Player-specific Stories and Planning for It: ASD + PaSSAGE = PAST

Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques have been used to improve overall player satisfaction in video games. A thriving area of such research is interactive AI-assisted story-telling. One such line of research explored gains of automatically fitting the story to each individual player during the game via player modeling. Another research line used AI planning techniques to create contingency stories at design time. In this paper we propose a principled way to combine these two lines of research. We describe a system that uses a player model both at the design time and at the play time to generate and select stories fitting a specific player. We implement an early prototype and present it in the paper.

User acceptance of a personalised home lighting system based on wearable technology

Light/dark cycles play an essential role in people's performance, mood and daily rhythm. This study aimed to evaluate an early prototype of a personalised home lighting system including body-worn loggers. A convenience sample (N = 28) wore the devices for 23 h in the field and were given a demonstration of the lighting system components. Participants reported on questionnaires their acceptance of the lighting system and experience of physical comfort and visual appearance of the body-worn loggers. Semi-structured interviews were also held. In a hierarchical linear regression, physical comfort of the loggers explained 35.8% of the variance of ‘the behavioural intention to use the system in the future’, and ‘performance expectancy’ explained 50.6%. The interview data helped understand the reasons for the physical and psychological discomfort of wearing the devices. Many participants reported they were not comfortable about using a mobile phone for presence detection in the home.

Co-Designing a Primary Care Breathlessness Decision Support System: General Practitioners Requirements Analysis, Workflow Assessment and Prototype Development.

Clinical decision support systems (CDSS) have been shown in a variety of diseases to lead to improvements in care. The aim of this study is to design a CDSS to assist GPs to assess and manage breathlessness, a highly prevalent symptom in practice. A focus group is conducted to explore the needs of general practitioners (GPs), assess current workflow to identify points for intervention and develop early prototypes for testing. Five GPs took part in the focus group elucidating 248 relevant data points which were then qualitatively analyzed using the Technology Acceptance Model as the theoretical framework. In general, there was a positive attitude towards the use of CDSS for breathlessness with various proposed features from the participants. Twelve high level workflow steps were identified with 5 as key points for intervention. Several proposed features such as reporting likelihood of causes of breathlessness in a patient, link with evidence-based recommendations, integration with clinical notes and patient education materials were translated into a prototype. Mixed-method studies are planned to assess its usability to inform subsequent iterations of the CDSS development.

Kinematic of the Position and Orientation Synchronization of the Posture of a n DoF Upper-Limb Exoskeleton with a Virtual Object in an Immersive Virtual Reality Environment

Exoskeletons are an external structural mechanism with joints and links that work in tandem with the user, which increases, reinforces, or restores human performance. Virtual Reality can be used to produce environments, in which the intensity of practice and feedback on performance can be manipulated to provide tailored motor training. Will it be possible to combine both technologies and have them synchronized to reach better performance? This paper consists of the kinematics analysis for the position and orientation synchronization between an n DoF upper-limb exoskeleton pose and a projected object in an immersive virtual reality environment using a VR headset. To achieve this goal, the exoskeletal mechanism is analyzed using Euler angles and the Pieper technique to obtain the equations that lead to its orientation, forward, and inverse kinematic models. This paper extends the author’s previous work by using an early stage upper-limb exoskeleton prototype for the synchronization process.

Improvement of Ic degradation of HTS Conductor (FAIR Conductor) and FAIR Coil Structure for Fusion Device

As a high-temperature superconducting (HTS) conductor with a large current capacity applicable to a nuclear fusion experimental device, REBCO (REBa <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> CuO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">y</sub> ) tapes and high-purity aluminum sheets are alternately laminated, placed in a groove of an aluminum alloy jacket having a circular cross section, and the lid is friction-stir welded. To make the current distribution and mechanical characteristics uniform, the conductor is twisted at the end of the manufacturing process. In the early prototype conductor, when the I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> was measured in liquid nitrogen under self-magnetic field conditions, I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> degradations were observed from the beginning, and the characteristic difference between the two prototype samples under the same manufacturing conditions were large. Furthermore, I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> degradation was progressed by repeating the thermal cycle from room temperature to liquid nitrogen temperature. This I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> degradation did not occur uniformly in the longitudinal direction of the conductor but was caused by local I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> degradation occurring at multiple locations. If the conductor was not manufactured uniformly in the longitudinal direction, the difference in thermal shrinkage between the REBCO tape and the aluminum alloy jacket caused local stress concentration in the REBCO tape and buckling occurred. Element experiments to explain this mechanism were conducted to clarify the conditions under which I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> degradation due to buckling occurs. Then prototype conductors were tested with improved manufacturing methods, and as a result, I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> degradation could be suppressed to 20% or less. We have achieved the prospect of producing a conductor with uniform characteristics in the longitudinal direction.

Methods to achieve fast, accurate, and mechanically robust optical breadboard alignment

Typical laboratory optical systems use commercially off-the-shelf components in which emphasis is oriented toward ease of assembly and a wide range of adjustability. However, these mounts often require individual alignments that, when each degree of adjustability is cumulated in a complex optical system, can be inefficient and time consuming. Furthermore, most of these optomechanical mounts lack the mechanical robustness required to maintain operational performances out of the laboratory environment. An optomechanical assembly method based on passively aligning design features is proposed to simplify breadboard level optical systems, to improve alignment accuracy and maintaining operational pointing stability. Given the recent improvements in lens passive centering techniques, it seemed worth exploring methods to reduce alignment time and improve the mechanical robustness of laboratory setups. Recent studies show that a typical optical lens centering of <1 arc min with respect to its mount can be achieved using patented auto centering and edge contact mounting technologies. To achieve similar position accuracy between multiple lenses on a portable breadboard, lens mounts should be designed and built with proper reference surfaces and a system should easily reference one mount with respect to the other. The use of reference spheres and dedicated optomechanical mounts is employed to leverage the standard threaded holes of laboratory breadboards and achieve precise lens mount positioning. A series of optomechanical mounts incorporating these techniques are therefore tested. Position accuracy and repeatability are measured mechanically with a coordinate measuring machine and optically with the active monitoring of a laser beam centroid position. Measured position accuracy at the optomechanical mount level is <50 μm with a repeatability of less than 5 μm per interface. The optomechanical mounts robustness is tested within typical storage temperature range of −46 ° C to 63°C and at vibrations levels exceeding typical shipping conditions. Measured optical pointing stability of a simple optical system after environmental testing was found to be under 25 μm. This method should be a promising solution to bridge the design technological gap between the early prototyping and the production phases.

Experimental characterization of a novel nose landing gear shimmy damper using a small-scale test rig

This paper presents the design and fabrication details of a small-scale testing system for characterizing a novel nose landing gear shimmy damper. This test rig is designed to simulate take-off and landing conditions of an aircraft nose landing gear in the laboratory environment. A roller drum is employed to simulate the forward speed of the aircraft on the ground, while an impact hammer mechanism is used to induce shimmy through a small initial tire slip. Weights can be used to induce vertical force exerted by the fuselage. The vibration signals are recorded using accelerometers, and processed numerically to obtain shimmy characteristics. A prototype of the novel shimmy damper designated as the Symmetric Torque Link Damper (STLD) is fabricated. The specifications of STLD are discussed in previous publications and summarized in the current paper. The experimental results including rotational vibration time histories, peak frequencies, and attenuation characteristics for the STLD are presented and compared with those of the baseline system without a shimmy damper, as well as with the built-in shimmy damper trends. Overall, this experimental work confirms the stability gain offered by the STLD, while it does not outperform the built-in damper in all scenarios. Instead, STLD has the attractive features of being retrofittable to existing landing gears and is symmetric in design, leading to an even distribution of dynamics loads on the gear. Furthermore, the testing apparatus presented in this work contributes to shimmy mitigation practice by offering a novel, yet simple, validation approach suitable for early prototype developments.

Contribution of Free-Text Comments to the Burden of Documentation: Assessment and Analysis of Vital Sign Comments in Flowsheets.

BackgroundDocumentation burden is a common problem with modern electronic health record (EHR) systems. To reduce this burden, various recording methods (eg, voice recorders or motion sensors) have been proposed. However, these solutions are in an early prototype phase and are unlikely to transition into practice in the near future. A more pragmatic alternative is to directly modify the implementation of the existing functionalities of an EHR system.ObjectiveThis study aims to assess the nature of free-text comments entered into EHR flowsheets that supplement quantitative vital sign values and examine opportunities to simplify functionality and reduce documentation burden.MethodsWe evaluated 209,055 vital sign comments in flowsheets that were generated in the Epic EHR system at the Vanderbilt University Medical Center in 2018. We applied topic modeling, as well as the natural language processing Clinical Language Annotation, Modeling, and Processing software system, to extract generally discussed topics and detailed medical terms (expressed as probability distribution) to investigate the stories communicated in these comments.ResultsOur analysis showed that 63.33% (6053/9557) of the users who entered vital signs made at least one free-text comment in vital sign flowsheet entries. The user roles that were most likely to compose comments were registered nurse, technician, and licensed nurse. The most frequently identified topics were the notification of a result to health care providers (0.347), the context of a measurement (0.307), and an inability to obtain a vital sign (0.224). There were 4187 unique medical terms that were extracted from 46,029 (0.220) comments, including many symptom-related terms such as “pain,” “upset,” “dizziness,” “coughing,” “anxiety,” “distress,” and “fever” and drug-related terms such as “tylenol,” “anesthesia,” “cannula,” “oxygen,” “motrin,” “rituxan,” and “labetalol.”ConclusionsConsidering that flowsheet comments are generally not displayed or automatically pulled into any clinical notes, our findings suggest that the flowsheet comment functionality can be simplified (eg, via structured response fields instead of a text input dialog) to reduce health care provider effort. Moreover, rich and clinically important medical terms such as medications and symptoms should be explicitly recorded in clinical notes for better visibility.

Design of Automatic Rain Gauge Prototype (ARG) As An Early Warning Indicator for Cold Lava Flood Based on The Internet of Things (IoT)

This study aims to design a prototype of automatic rain gauge, characterize the automatic rain gauge, rainfall classification as an indicator of cold lava flood, tested the automatic rain gauge prototype. The design of this tool includes three parts, the first is the reed switch block design. Second, designing an automatic rain gauge block by designing a tipping bucket. The third is designing IoT block and Android applications. The automatic rain gauge prototype was successfully designed with a 0.8 cm reed switch and a tipping bucket with a funnel area of 380 cm2 with a resolution of 0.1 mm and a maximum capacity of 9.4 mm/minute. The classification of rainfall as an indicator of cold lava flood is normal 0-15 mm, advisory 16-20 mm, watch 21-48 mm and warning > 48 mm, so that the early warning system prototype can display rainfall charts and warning alarms on the android application.

Correcting COVID-19 vaccine misinformation: Lancet Commission on COVID-19 Vaccines and Therapeutics Task Force Members.

Correcting COVID-19 vaccine misinformation: Lancet Commission on COVID-19 Vaccines and Therapeutics Task Force Members.

11384 Medication Use Safety During Care Transitions for Children with Medical Complexity

ABSTRACT IMPACT: This study will generate preliminary data to address a critical, care transition-related patient safety gap involving medication use among children with medical complexity. OBJECTIVES/GOALS: The objectives of this study are: (1) to understand care transition-related medication safety risks for children with medical complexity (CMC), and (2) through a participatory, human centered design (PD) approach, to develop an early prototype intervention to address identified safety risks. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: The study population includes children with medical complexity (CMC), a medically fragile pediatric population with intensive healthcare needs. CMC rely on multiple and complex medication regimens and/or medical devices for optimal functioning. Parents of CMC report multiple unmet healthcare needs. For Aim 1, we will conduct observations and interviews with ˜15 clinicians as well as semi-structured interviews with ˜30 family caregivers during three care transition experiences: from Cardiac ICU to home, Neonatal ICU to home, and those between primary care/specialty clinic to home. For Aim 2, we will conduct participatory design sessions with up to 5 participants (separately for clinicians and family caregivers) from each of the three care transition settings to co-design a prototype intervention. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: The study is currently recruiting family caregivers of CMC for aim 1 research activities, with interviews planned to be completed in February/March 2021. Transcribed interviews will be used to inform development of patient journey maps. A patient journey map helps to visually depict healthcare services through the patient and family lens, and highlights important ‘touch points’ along the patient journey (e.g., decisions, encounters, constraints, emotional states, etc.) that shape the patient and family experience. The journey map will distill findings from qualitative data and generate a concise visual story focused on the medication use experience of CMC as they transition between the hospital and their home. Individual journey maps will also be combined to generate a consolidated journey map. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF FINDINGS: An-in-depth understanding of medication safety risks unique to the context of CMC care would be essential to develop interventions that are useful, scalable, and sustainable. This is even more important because current interventions are primarily adopted from adult care settings with mixed outcomes.

Development of an Early Prototype Tool for Learning Software Modeling Using Extended Place/Transition Net

Development of an Early Prototype Tool for Learning Software Modeling Using Extended Place/Transition Net

Efficacy and risks from a modified sodium nitrite toxic bait for wild pigs.

Wild pigs (Sus scrofa) are a destructive invasive species throughout many regions of the world. In 2018, a field evaluation of an early prototype of a sodium nitrite (SN) toxic bait in the United States revealed wild pigs dropped large amounts of the toxic bait outside the pig-specific bait stations while feeding, and thus subsequent hazards for non-target animals. We modified the SN-toxic bait formulation, the design of the bait station, and the baiting strategy to reduce dropped bait. We tested the modifications in Queensland, Australia (December 2018), Alabama, USA (August 2019), and Texas, USA (March 2020) under differing climatic and seasonal conditions for one night. Cumulatively we found 161 carcasses of all age classes of wild pigs using systematic transects. Remote camera indices indicated high lethality for wild pigs, achieving population reductions of 76.3 to 90.4%. Wild pigs dropped only small particles of SN-toxic bait (average = 55.5 g per bait site), which represented a 19-fold decrease from the previous trial. Despite this reduction, we found three Australian ravens (Corvus coronoides) in Queensland, two Virginia opossums (Didelphis virginiana) in Alabama, and 35 granivorous-passerine birds (mostly dark-eyed juncos [Junco hyemalis]) in Texas dead from consuming the dropped bait. We did not detect any population-level effects for those species. Our modifications were effective at reducing populations of wild pigs, but the deaths of non-target species require further steps to minimize these hazards. Next steps will include evaluating various deterrent devices for birds the morning after SN-toxic bait has been offered. Published 2020. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.

Glider-based observations of CO&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; in the Labrador Sea

Abstract. Ocean gliders can provide high-spatial- and temporal-resolution data and target specific ocean regions at a low cost compared to ship-based measurements. An important gap, however, given the need for carbon measurements, is the lack of capable sensors for glider-based CO2 measurements. We need to develop robust methods to evaluate novel CO2 sensors for gliders. Here we present results from testing the performance of a novel CO2 optode sensor (Atamanchuk et al., 2014), deployed on a Slocum glider, in the Labrador Sea and on the Newfoundland Shelf. This paper (1) investigates the performance of the CO2 optode on two glider deployments, (2) demonstrates the utility of using the autonomous SeaCycler profiler mooring (Send et al., 2013; Atamanchuk et al., 2020) to improve in situ sensor data, and (3) presents data from moored and mobile platforms to resolve fine scales of temporal and spatial variability of O2 and pCO2 in the Labrador Sea. The Aanderaa CO2 optode is an early prototype sensor that has not undergone rigorous testing on a glider but is compact and uses little power. Our analysis shows that the sensor suffers from instability and slow response times (τ95&gt;100 s), affected by different behavior when profiling through small (&lt;3 ∘C) vs. large (&gt;10 ∘C) changes in temperature over similar time intervals. We compare the glider and SeaCycler O2 and CO2 observations and estimate the glider data uncertainty as ± 6.14 and ± 44.01 µatm, respectively. From the Labrador Sea mission, we point to short timescales (&lt;7 d) and distance (&lt;15 km) scales as important drivers of change in this region.