Early Onset Of Chronic Diseases Research Articles

Accelerated Phenotypic Aging Associated With Hepatitis C Infection: Results From the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 2015-2018.

Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is associated with early onset of chronic diseases and increased risk of chronic disorders. Chronic viral infections have been linked to accelerated biological aging based on epigenetic clocks. In this study, we aimed to investigate the association between HCV infection and clinical measures of biological aging among 8 306 adults participating in the 2015-2018 waves of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). NHANES 2015-2018 participants aged 20 years and older who had complete data on clinical blood markers and HCV-related tests were included in the current study. We estimated biological age using 2 approaches including phenotypic age (PhenoAge) and allostatic load (AL) score based on 9 clinical biomarkers. After adjusting for demographic and other confounding factors, HCV antibody-positivity was associated with advanced PhenoAge (β = 2.43, 95% confidence interval: 1.51-3.35), compared with HCV antibody-negativity. Additionally, both active HCV infection (HCV RNA (+)) and resolved infection were associated with greater PhenoAge acceleration. The positive association with the AL score was not statistically significant. We did not observe any significant interactions of potential effect modifiers, including smoking and use of drug/needle injection, with HCV infection on measures of biological aging. Our findings suggest that HCV infection is independently associated with biological aging measured by phenotypic age in the U.S. general population. Further studies are warranted to confirm the findings.

National, Regional, and Global Estimates of Preterm Birth in 2020, With Trends From 2010: A Systematic Analysis

(Abstracted from Lancet 2023;402:1261–1271 Birth before 37 weeks of gestation is classified as preterm birth (PTB) and represents the highest contributor to neonatal mortality, including both short- and long-term effects. Adverse effects of PTB include higher risks of poor health, poor growth, intellectual or mental disability, early onset of chronic disease, and others.

Role of Nutraceuticals in Counteracting Inflammation in In Vitro Macrophages Obtained from Childhood Cancer Survivors.

The advancement of anti-cancer therapies has markedly improved the survival rate of children with cancer, making them long-term childhood cancer survivors (CCS). Nevertheless, these treatments cause a low-grade inflammatory state, determining inflamm-aging and, thus, favoring the early onset of chronic diseases normally associated with old age. Identification of novel and safer therapeutic strategies is needed to counteract and prevent inflamm-aging. Macrophages are cells involved in immune and inflammatory responses, with a pivotal role in iron metabolism, which is related to inflammation. We obtained macrophages from CCS patients and evaluated their phenotype markers, inflammatory states, and iron metabolism by Western blotting, ELISA, and iron assays. We observed a strong increase in classically activated phenotype markers (M1) and iron metabolism alteration in CCS, with an increase in intracellular iron concentration and inflammatory markers. These results suggest that the prevalence of M1 macrophages and alteration of iron metabolism could be involved in the worsening of inflammation in CCS. Therefore, we propose macrophages and iron metabolism as novel therapeutic targets to counteract inflamm-aging. To avoid toxic regimens, we tested some nutraceuticals (resveratrol, curcumin, and oil-enriched lycopene), which are already known to exert anti-inflammatory properties. After their administration, we observed a macrophage switch towards the anti-inflammatory phenotype M2, as well as reductions in pro-inflammatory cytokines and the intracellular iron concentration. Therefore, we suggest-for the first time-that nutraceuticals reduce inflammation in CCS macrophages through a novel anti-inflammatory mechanism of action, modulating iron metabolism.

Приверженность к средиземноморской диете жителей мегаполиса на основе анализа покупательской активности

Currently, the most significant pool of evidence for health benefits in the scientific literature is formed from the use of the Mediterranean Diet Pattern (MDP). The purpose of the study was to assess adherence to the MDP in the megalopolis (Moscow) based on an analysis of consumer activity in a large retail chain. Material and methods. From anonymized purchase data for 2016–2018, 19570 holders of loyality cards of the retail chain were selected according to the following selection criteria: the presence of a dense of a dense segment of purchases (more than 6 months, where there is at least 1 purchase in 2 weeks), where the total cost of purchases was at least 4,700 rubles / week and at least 4 different products were purchased, they have available data on gender and age. The classification of a set of purchased products and dishes by food groups was carried out, and complex dishes were transformed into a set of their ingredients based on their formulation, and their distribution was carried out according to the corresponding food groups with the summation of the their mass. The weight of the constituent food groups was divided by the number of days of the active shopping period with the addition of 7 days for the consumption of the goods from the last purchase. The obtained values of the acquisition of food groups, expressed as grams per day, were compared with the criteria of the MDP for each of the food groups taken into account. Upon reaching the threshold value of each of the criteria, the patient received 1 commitment point. For each customer was calculated the cumulative number of achieved food categories criteria. Results. Of the 19570 participants in the study, only 542 people (2.76%) overcame the limit of low adherence to the MDP (7 points). Among the studied criteria of the MDP, the lowest compliance was obtained in relation to cereals, legumes and olive oil (less than 10% of buyers). Despite the revealed significant differences in most criteria of the MDP, the distribution pattern between men and women has much in common – the difference does not reach 5%. The average values of the sum of the fulfilled criteria of the MDP by age groups were significantly lower only for the age under 45 years (4.03 ± 1.24 versus 4.19 ± 1.33 for the 45–60 years group and 4.23 ± 1.36 for people over 60 years old, p = 0.001). An increase in adherence with age was noted for most of the MDP criteria. Conclusion. Thus, it can be concluded that adherence to the MDP was established only in a small part of the study participants. Young people are less committed to the criteria of MDP in their diets, which in the long term is dangerous for them due to the likelihood of an early onset of chronic diseases. Key words: criteria of the Mediterranean diet, nutrition assessment, purchasing activity, age-sex differences

Finger Millet (Ragi): A Nutritional Boon for Osteoporosis

Abstract:: Background: Osteoporosis is a progressive bone disease that is characterized by a decrease in bone density. A serious concern should be taken on osteoporosis. Because of the dormant properties of the disease, it is hard to recognize the symptoms until fracture occurs. In Ayurveda, this depletion of the bone tissue is called Asthikshaya. This is due to nutrient deficiency because of malnutrition and imbalance of Vata dosha1,2 . To prevent osteopenia and osteoporosis, calcium and vitamin D supplements are required. Diet-based calcium supplement would be more acceptable and easier to practice. Finger millet (ragi, Eleusine coracana) is a good source of calcium and phosphorus and easily digestible.3,4Ragi is a good source of natural calcium. It helps in strengthening bones and also helps to balance Vata. This reduces the risk of Osteoporosis. Aim of study: 1.to recognize the importance of millets and 2.to introduce the Ragi as a best source of calcium. Conclusion: To maintain healthy life it is essential to promote nutritious diet to encourage healthy ageing and prevent early onset of chronic diseases. Various studies have shown that consumption of nutraceutical foods may provide greater health benefits. Ragi (Eleusine coracana) having nutraceutical properties, is the oldest cereal grain in India having strongest power to strengthen the bone

A Review on Nutritional Properties and Health Benefits of Finger Millet

Finger millet (Eleusine coracana) is one of the important small millets with high nutraceutical value in the world. Most of the millet farmers attracted by Finger millet cultivation due to its wide adoptability in different soil types and climate. It also grows well in hot climates with short rainfall periods and cool climates with warm millets. A multitude of small farmers grow finger millet with limited water resources and in many countries this crop is often referred to as “poor people's crop”. The grains of finger millets are very small in size with brown, light brown and white in colours based on different cultivars. The white cultivars have been developed mainly for the baking industry, the brown and light brown types used for porridge while the brown cultivar is utilized for brewing traditional opaque beer in Southern Africa. Finger millet has the highest source of calcium and iron when compared to the other cereals. Finger millet contains high concentration of carbohydrates, dietary fibre, phytochemicals and essential amino acids; presence of essential minerals; as well as a gluten‑free status. Diet is a major focus of public health strategies aimed at maintaining optimum health throughout life, thus preventing early onset of chronic diseases as well as promoting healthier ageing. Many researchers have described that finger millet helps in natural weight loss, strengthens bone, prevents diabetes, prevents anti-ageing, maintains blood pressure levels, protects from disease, improves in hemoglobin status in children etc.,. Studies on the different properties of foods have shown that consumption of certain foods may provide greater health benefits. Finger millet is not only used for human consumption, but it is also used as feed for cattle and birds. Finger millet is used in the preparation of different foods both in natural and malted forms, like porridge, puddings, pancakes, biscuits, roti, bread, noodles, and other snacks. Besides this, it is also used as a nourishing food for infants when malted and is regarded as wholesome food for diabetic patients. Therefore, necessary need to needs to increase production and productivity through various improved technologies to meet our requirements in future and also strengthen public distribution system for achieving nutritional security.

Examining chronic disease onset across varying age groups of Indian adults using competing risk analysis

In low-and-middle-income countries, people develop chronic diseases at a younger age, leading to health-and-economic loss. Estimates of the age of onset of chronic disease provide evidence for policy intervention, but in the Indian context, evidence is limited. The present study aims to explore the onset of seven chronic diseases across adults and the elderly, along with the prognostic factors of chronic disease onset. Using Wave 1 data of the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI), we estimated the statistical distributions, the median age at onset, and Loglogistic and Weibull accelerated failure time model to understand the onset of seven medically diagnosed self-reported chronic diseases across age groups. We also obtained the sub-distribution hazard ratio (SHR) from the Fine-Gray model to determine the risk of contracting selected chronic diseases in a competing risk setup. The seven chronic diseases– hypertension, diabetes, lung disease, heart disease/stroke, arthritis, neurological disease, and cancer– were developing early, especially in individuals aged 45–54 and 55–64. Arthritis risk was higher in rural areas, and physically active adults and elderly were 1.32 times (95% CI 1.12–1.56) more likely to develop heart disease/stroke. The emerging evidence of the early onset of neurological diseases in middle-aged adults (i.e., among the 45–54 age group) reminds us of the need to reinforce a balance between the physical and mental life of individuals. The early onset of chronic diseases in the independent and working-age category (45–54 years) can have many social and economic implications. For instance, it can create a greater healthcare burden when these individuals grow older with these diseases. Further, disease-specific interventions would be helpful in reducing future chronic disease burden.

The impact of social and environmental factors on cancer biology in Black Americans.

Low socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with early onset of chronic diseases and reduced life expectancy. The involvement of neighborhood-level factors in defining cancer risk and outcomes for marginalized communities has been an active area of research for decades. Yet, the biological processes that underlie the impact of SES on chronic health conditions, such as cancer, remain poorly understood. To date, limited studies have shown that chronic life stress is more prevalent in low SES communities and can affect important molecular processes implicated in tumor biology such as DNA methylation, inflammation, and immune response. Further efforts to elucidate how neighborhood-level factors function physiologically to worsen cancer outcomes for disadvantaged communities are underway. This review provides an overview of the current literature on how socioenvironmental factors within neighborhoods contribute to more aggressive tumor biology, specifically in Black U.S. women and men, including the impact of environmental pollutants, neighborhood deprivation, social isolation, structural racism, and discrimination. We also summarize commonly used methods to measure deprivation, discrimination, and structural racism at the neighborhood-level in cancer health disparities research. Finally, we offer recommendations to adopt a multi-faceted intersectional approach to reduce cancer health disparities and develop effective interventions to promote health equity.

Premature aging in childhood cancer survivors.

Progress in medicine has increased the survival time of children suffering from cancer; >80% of patients survive for at least 5 years from the end of treatment. However, there are late effects of anticancer therapy, which accompany this success. Two-thirds of childhood cancer survivors (CCSs) have at least one late effect (any side effects or complications of anticancer treatment that appear months to years after the completion of treatment), e.g. endocrinopathies, cardiovascular diseases or subsequent cancers, and half of these late effects are serious or life threatening. These late consequences of childhood cancer treatment pose a serious health, social and economic problem. A common mechanism for developing a number of late effects is the onset of premature biological aging, which is associated with the early onset of chronic diseases and death. Cellular senescence in cancer survivors is caused by therapy that can induce chromosomal aberrations, mutations, telomere shortening, epigenetic alterations and mitochondrial dysfunctions. The mechanisms of accelerated aging in cancer survivors have not yet been fully clarified. The measurement of biological age in survivors can help improve the understanding of aging mechanisms and identify risk factors for premature aging. However, to the best of our knowledge, no single marker for the evaluation of biological or functional age is known, so it is therefore necessary to measure the consequences of anticancer treatment using complex assessments. The present review presents an overview of premature aging in CCSs and of the mechanisms involved in its development, focusing on the association of senescence and late effects.

Abstract 1445: Influence of neighborhood deprivation on the DNA epigenome in cancerous breast tissue from African American and European American women

Abstract Low socioeconomic status (SES) associates with early onset of chronic diseases and reduced life-expectancy. This relationship is only partly explained by unhealthy behavioral habits and inadequate access to health care. Chronic life stress is more prevalent in low SES communities and has been shown to affect DNA methylation and the immune system. Yet, the biological processes that mediate the impact of SES on health to promote the development of chronic diseases like cancer remain poorly understood. Our study aims to uncover whether DNA methylation is linked to neighborhood socioeconomic deprivation and to a biology that causes inflammation and changes to the immune environment, thereby promoting breast cancer progression and affecting response to therapy. These differences have been characterized in 181 breast tumors (108 African American (AA), 73 European American (EA)). We geocoded the addresses of our participants and linked these data to a Census-level neighborhood deprivation index (NDI). Statistically significant associations between NDI, race and methylation beta values were determined using linear regression followed by Benjamini-Hochbergcorrection. Of the 18 CpG sites that differed between individuals with low and high neighborhood deprivation, 3 were hypermethylated in women with high neighborhood deprivation. We also used methylCIBERSORT to estimate immune subpopulation differences by race group, breast cancer subtype, and ND. For AA women with aggressive triple negative breast cancer, neighborhood deprivation was significantly positively correlated with absolute immune cell scores (p=0.011), including a higher absolute score for endothelial cell expression (p=0.006) and eosinophils (p=0.049). Our findings give insight into how socioeconomic position and neighborhood deprivation may affect cancerous mammary gland biology by altering DNA methylation patterns. Citation Format: Brittany D. Lord, Emily Rossi, Tiffany Dorsey, Maeve Kiely, Ruby Hutchinson, Stefan Ambs. Influence of neighborhood deprivation on the DNA epigenome in cancerous breast tissue from African American and European American women [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 1445.

The importance of health self-assessment for future professionals in the field of information technology

Researchers are always been interested in human health. So every civilization saves myths and legends about very strong men and charming women. This is how the level of health for a person in everyday language was determined. According to the epidemiological situation in the country, it is very important that people are able to determine their own health.
 There are many different theories about human health, its components and the conditions of formation. All of them are united by the common opinion that a person without health cannot be happy, create his life and find professional fulfillment. But a young person begins to work in an extreme day regimen, who is imperceptibly affected by this negative factor, gradually loses physical health, initially due to sleep deprivation, cardiovascular system, visual deterioration and others. Therefore, the following consequences of this day regimen are possible: lethargy in daylight, feeling tired, increase in biological age relative to the passport on many indicators, early onset of chronic diseases. About a third of information technology specialists in our country work in this day regimen. That is why, it was and will be important for a person to understand the factors of maintaining and strengthening health, compliance with the conditions and rules of a healthy lifestyle, the ability to determine the level of the problem in all aspects of life in general. Self-assessment of human health occurs throughout life, from childhood to advanced age life, can be made on the basis of questionnaires, self-observations and systematization of information on health indicators obtained from health professionals during annual survey. All these will create resistance to stressors and reduce health risks in various spheres of life.

The Evolutionary Stage of Cognitive Frailty and Its Changing Characteristics in Old Adults.

This study aimed to explore the evolutionary stage of the elderly from the normal to the cognitive frailty, and to identify the important factors which influenced the changes of the cognitive frailty stage from the «physiological-psychological-social» perspective. A cross-sectional study. A random cluster sampling was used to recruit 4,010 old adults living in community from Shanxi province in China. Data were collected by face-to-face questionnaire survey. Multinomial logistic regression was used to screen the factors contributing to the 6 population groups with various cognitive functions and frailty status. Principal component analysis was used to redefine the evolutionary stages of cognitive frailty, while the orthogonal partial least squares discrimination analysis and binary logistic regression were used to identify the important factors and distinguish different stages and influence directions. The factors contributing to the population with various cognitive functions and frailty status were involved in all aspects of «physical-psychological-social». Apart from normal group, other 5 groups were clustered into «stage of frailty change» and « stage of cognitive frailty change». Aging, early onset of chronic diseases, high pain intensity, and poor nutritional status might deteriorate the individual's evolution from "normal stage" to "stage of frailty change", while the increasing social activity might promote the individual's health. Simultaneously, early onset of chronic diseases, high pain intensity and poor nutritional status also played important roles in the evolution of individual from "stage of frailty change" to "stage of cognitive frailty change". The formation of cognitive frailty might experience the «normal-frailty-cognitive frailty» stages change, and both the prevention and intervention of frailty might delay the occurrence of cognitive frailty. Therefore, the strategies for both prevention and intervention among old adults should be throughout centered on the parts of preventing the premature onset of chronic diseases, carrying out stage-tailored nutrition intervention, and establishing standardized pain management, especially the part of increasing the social activities among older adults.

Dietary Intake and Diet Quality of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Survivors.

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT) survivors are burdened by a high prevalence and early onset of chronic diseases. Healthy dietary patterns have been associated with lower risks of chronic health conditions in the general population. HCT survivors are susceptible to multiple complications that may result in chronic illness. Unfortunately, no study to date has comprehensively documented the adherence of HCT survivors to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA), which are designed specifically to provide guidance for making healthy food choices. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate diet quality and nutrient intake adequacy of HCT survivors. A secondary aim was to assess these survivors' willingness to take part in a future dietary intervention. The dietary intake of adults who had undergone autologous or allogeneic HCT for a hematologic disease and were at least 1 year post-transplantation was assessed using the Block 2014 food frequency questionnaire, and diet quality was estimated using the Healthy Eating Index 2015. Nutrient intake adequacies of the group were estimated by the estimated average requirement cutpoint method. Survivors' (n=90) HEI-2015 scores averaged 61.6 ± 1.1. Adherence to a good-quality diet was reported by only 10% of survivors. Intakes of vitamins A, C, and D, as well as magnesium and calcium, suggested inadequacy. Fiber intake at 8.9 g per 1000 kcal/day fell below the recommended adequate intake. "Change in taste" was associated with lower quality of diet (P=.02). HCT survivors within 2 years post-transplantation were more receptive than survivors beyond 2 years to participating in a dietary intervention (95% versus 65%; P=.0013). Adult HCT survivors reported less-than-optimal adherence to the 2015-2020 DGA and had numerous shortfall nutrient intakes; however, their willingness to participate in a dietary intervention was relatively high. These findings reinforce the need to incorporate nutrition into HCT survivor care.

Diet Quality of Long-Term Allogeneic and Autologous Stem Cell Transplant (HCT) Survivors

Introduction Long-term hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HCT) survivors are burdened by a high prevalence and early onset of chronic diseases. Healthy dietary patterns have been associated with lower risks of chronic health conditions in the general population, yet no study to date has comprehensively documented the adherence of HCT survivors to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA), specifically designed to provide guidance for making healthy food choices. The aims of this study were to evaluate the extent to which HCT survivors adhere to the DGA and to determine nutrient intake adequacy. A secondary aim was to assess their willingness to take part in a future nutritional program or dietary intervention. Methods The study population included adults (≥18 y), who had undergone autologous or allogeneic HCT for a hematologic disease and were at least 1-year post-transplantation. Dietary intake was assessed using the Block 2014 food frequency questionnaire and diet quality (adherence to the DGA) was estimated using the Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015). A HEI score of ≤50 indicates "poor diet quality", 51-80 suggests a "diet that needs improvement", and >81 indicates "good diet quality" out of maximum of 100. HEI-2015 scores by patient and transplant characteristics were analyzed by ANCOVA. Nutrient intake adequacies of the group were estimated by determining the percentage of the group falling below the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) of the Dietary Reference Intakes. Receptivity to participate in a dietary intervention to stay healthy was measured by the question, "How willing would you be to take part in a healthy nutrition program or diet intervention?" Response categories included, "not at all," "somewhat," and "definitely". Results Between December 2017 and September 2018, 124 survivors were invited to participate, of whom 90 (51 autologous and 39 allogeneic HCT survivors) completed the dietary intake assessment and were included in the analysis. Majority were male (56%), White (72%), married (81%) and completed some college education (57%). Most participants were overweight (34%) or obese (37%). The median time from the HCT was 5.2 years. Mean ±SE HEI-2015 scores were 61.6 ± 1.3 and 60.7 ± 2.2 for the 18-64 y and ≥65 y age groups, respectively, slightly higher than the US general population. Adherence to a good quality diet was reported by only 10% of survivors. The majority of the survivors reported a diet in need of improvement (82%) or a poor-quality diet (8%). Intakes of vitamin A (720 ± 447 mcg/d), vitamin C (82 ± 73 mg/d), vitamin D (4.4 ± 3.4 mcg/d), magnesium (253 ± 133 mg/d), and calcium (781 ± 430 mg/d) suggested inadequacy, as more than 50% of the group fell below the specific EARs. Sodium intake at 2834 ± 1345 mg/d exceeded the DGA recommendation of 2300 mg/d. Fiber intake at 8.9 g per 1000 kcal/d was significantly below the Adequate Intake of 14 g per 1000 kcal/d. "Change in taste" was the only variable associated with lower quality of diet (p=0.02). Interestingly, 29% of HCT survivors reported persistent altered taste sensation. No significant relationships were seen for participant's demographics and diet quality which may be due to a sample population skewed toward older, causations and socioeconomically advantaged individuals. More than two thirds of participants (73%) indicated an interest in participating in dietary intervention. HCT survivors within 2 years of transplant were more likely to be receptive to participation in a diet intervention study compared to survivors beyond 2 years (52% vs 28%, p=0.0013). Conclusion Adult HCT survivors report poor adherence to the 2015 Dietary Guidelines for Americans and have numerous short-fall nutrient intakes. However, the willingness to participate in a nutritional program or dietary intervention in this survivorship population was relatively high. These findings reinforce the need to incorporate nutrition into HCT survivor care. Disclosures Wingard: Celgene: Consultancy; Merck: Consultancy; Shire: Consultancy; Ansun: Consultancy; Pluristem: Consultancy.

Physical activity and prevention of chronic disease in Chinese youth: A public health approach

•The proportion of school-aged children and adolescents in China who engage in recommended levels of physical activity (PA), in or outside of school time, has been declining for decades.•Current PA promotion policies for Chinese schools are primarily "stand-alone" approaches and their efficacy appears limited.•Re-evaluating the problem from a comprehensive social-ecological perspective within a public health model offers greater potential for developing effective and culturally appropriate interventions to increase PA among Chinese youth.•If the goals of Healthy China 2030, including the prevention of the early onset of chronic diseases among Chinese children and adolescents, are to be met by reversing the trend of declining PA, careful consideration of this new paradigm is imperative.

Healthy Aging: American Geriatrics Society White Paper Executive Summary

In July 2015, the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society published a manuscript titled, "Failing to Focus on Healthy Aging: A Frailty of Our Discipline?" In response, the American Geriatrics Society (AGS) Clinical Practice and Models of Care Committee and Public Education Committee developed a white paper calling on the AGS and its members to play a more active role in promoting healthy aging. The executive summary presented here summarizes the recommendations from that white paper. The full version is published online at GeriatricsCareOnline.org. Life expectancy has increased dramatically over the last century. Longer life provides opportunity for personal fulfillment and contributions to community but is often associated with illness, discomfort, disability, and dependency at the end of life. Geriatrics has focused on optimizing function and quality of life as we age and reducing morbidity and frailty, but there is evidence of earlier onset of chronic disease that is likely to affect the health of future generations of older adults. The AGS is committed to promoting the health, independence, and engagement of all older adults as they age. Geriatrics as an interprofessional specialty is well positioned to promote healthy aging. We draw from decades of accumulated knowledge, skills, and experience in areas that are central to geriatric medicine, including expertise in complexity and the biopsychosocial model; attention to function and quality of life; the ability to provide culturally competent, person-centered care; the ability to assess people's preferences and values; and understanding the importance of systems in optimizing outcomes. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:17-20, 2019.

First Nation Elders’ perspectives on healthy ageing in NSW, Australia

ObjectivesHealthy ageing has been unattainable for many of Australia’s First Nation people, driven by an earlier onset of chronic disease when compared to the general Australian population. Our objective was to examine the perspectives of Australian First Nation people about healthy ageing. MethodsWe used a conversational method to gather knowledge from older First Nation people from established communities in New South Wales, Australia. Discussions were audio recorded and transcribed and analysed using an Indigenous research standpoint methodology. Eight yarning circles were held in six locations with 76 participants aged 45 years and over. ResultsKey issues around healthy ageing were identified; particularly, what the impact of chronic disease means to individuals. Study participants reported that healthy ageing is essential to continue to share knowledge of their history and culture. ConclusionThis article highlights the need for culturally appropriate healthy ageing programs addressing issues related to chronic disease among First Nation communities. Implications for public healthResearch into what constitutes healthy ageing for older First Nation people is necessary for the development of culturally appropriate chronic disease interventions.

Obesogenic Environment Factors Related to the Obesity Prevalence in Korean Children

BackgroundObesity, an imbalance between energy intake and expenditure, is a risk factor of various metabolic diseases. Being obese starts with the increase of body fat which leads to the adipocyte hypertrophy. Obesogenic Environment(OE) induce people to be overweight and obese. People who are exposed to obesogenic environment eat unhealthy foods such as junk food, soda, and sweets but not consume calories as much as they eat. The objective of this survey is to find out which nutrients have an effect on gaining weight in Korean children.MethodsSeven elementary schools in Seoul were randomly selected and 770 Korean children in those schools (normal 600, obesity 170) aged 8–9 years participated in 2007 and 2010. All participants were surveyed including family health history, Body Mass Index(BMI), physical activity, and education. Blood samples were obtained to measure total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc) and fasting blood glucose (FBS) from a Hitachi‐7600 analyzer (Hitachi, Tokyo, Japan). Low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc) levels were calculated by the equation: LDLc = TC–HDLc–(TG/5). Commercial ELISA kits were used for estimating fasting insulin levels (Mesdia, Seoul, Korea). The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR) was calculated as follows: fasting insulin (μU/ml)×FBS (mmol/ml)/22.5. Dietary intakes for three days(two week and one weekend day) were recorded trained interviewers. CanPro4.0 was used for quantitative analysis of nutrients based on food records. All analyses were performed using SAS9.1 software(SAS Institute, Inc, Cary, NC, USA). All statistical tests were two‐tailed, and p‐values of <=0.05 were interpreted as statistically significant.ResultsWe confirmed the differences between normal and obese children in both years. The level of waist circumference, blood pressure, TC, TG, LDLc, FBS & ALT was increased but the HDLc in blood decreased in the obese children compared to the normal children. There was no differences food intakes in two groups in 2007. Total energy intake was declined by the obese children reduced their fat intake. However, high sodium intake aspect was shown in 2010 compared to the result of research in 2007. We found that children consumed 4000 mg/day or more of sodium showed to high risk of obesity.ConclusionIn conclusion, OE factors such as dietary intakes strongly influenced the obesity prevalence in two cross‐sectional research of 2007 and 2010. Sodium intake is related to the obesity indigence. We believe that the finding of this study will contribute to the prevention of the early onset of chronic disease in obese children.Support or Funding Information[Funds: This research was supported by a grant of the Korea Health Technology R&D Project through the Korea Health Industry Development Institute (KHIDI), funded by the Ministry of Health & Welfare, Republic of Korea (grant number: HI17C0863).]This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.

Mobile health: new technologies, new modes and new era.

Mobile health: new technologies, new modes and new era.

Gender-based differences on the association between salt-sensitive genes and obesity in Korean children aged between 8 and 9 years.

BackgroundHigh sodium intake is associated with the development of chronic diseases such as obesity. Although its role in obesity remains controversial, there may be a correlation between salt sensitivity and the early onset of chronic diseases in obese children.MethodsIn all, 2,163 Korean children (1,106 boys and 1,057 girls) aged 8–9 years were recruited from seven elementary schools in Seoul. To evaluate whether obesity risk was modulated by the salt sensitivity, 11 SNPs related to salt sensitive genes (SSG) became the target of sodium intakes in obese children.ResultsBP, HOMA-IR, LDLc, TG, and the girls’ sodium intake significantly increased, but HDLc significantly decreased with increase in BMI. Regardless of sex, the obesity risk was 5.27-fold (CI; 1.320–27.560) higher in the Q2 to Q5 of sodium intake adjusted by energy (4044.9–5058.9 mg/day) than in the lowest Q1 level (2287.6 mg/day) in obese children. BP was sensitively dependent on insulin resistance and lipid accumulation in all subjects; however, sodium intake may be an independent risk factor of obesity without increasing BP in girls. GRK4 A486V mutant homozygote was highly distributed in the obese group, but other SNPs had no impact. The obesity risk increased 7.06, 16.8, and 46.09-fold more in boys with GRK4 A486V, ACE, and SLC12A3 mutants as sodium intake increased. Among girls, the obesity risk increased in GRK4 A486V heterozygote and CYP11β-2 mutant homozygote although sodium intake was relatively lower, implying that ACE, SLC12A, CYP11β-2, and GRK4 A486V polymorphisms showed gender-based differences with regard to interaction between sodium intake and obesity.ConclusionA high sodium intake markedly increased the obesity risk in variants of GRK4 A486V regardless of sex. The obesity risk increased with GRK4 A486V, ACE, and SLC12A3 variants in boys, whereas it increased with GRK4 A486V and CYP11B2 variants in girls as sodium intake increased. Obese children with the specific gene variants are recommended to reduce their sodium intake.