Early Guidance Research Articles

Methods for living guidelines: early guidance based on practical experience. Paper 2: consumer engagement in living guidelines

ObjectivesTo describe and reflect on the consumer engagement approaches used in five living guidelines from the perspectives of consumers (i.e., patients, carers, the public, and their representatives) and guideline developers. Study Design and SettingIn a descriptive report, we used a template to capture engagement approaches and the experiences of consumers and guideline developers in living guidelines in Australia and the United Kingdom. Responses were summarized using descriptive synthesis. ResultsOne guideline used a Consumer Panel, three included two to three consumers in the guideline development group, and one did both. Much of our experience was common to all guidelines (e.g., consumers felt welcomed but that their role initially lacked clarity). We identified six challenges and opportunities specific to living guidelines: managing the flow of work; managing engagement in online environments; managing membership of the panel; facilitating more flexibility, variety and depth in engagement; recruiting for specific skills–although these can be built over time; developing living processes to improve; and adapting consumer engagement together. ConclusionConsumer engagement in living guidelines should follow established principles of consumer engagement in guidelines. Conceiving the engagement as living, underpinned by a living process evaluation, allows the approach to be developed with consumers over time.

Distinguishing multiple primary lung cancers from intrapulmonary metastasis using CT-based radiomics

PurposeTo develop CT-based radiomics models that can efficiently distinguish between multiple primary lung cancers (MPLCs) and intrapulmonary metastasis (IPMs). MethodThis retrospective study included 127 patients with 254 lung tumors pathologically proved as MPLCs or IPMs between May 2009 and January 2020. Radiomics features of lung tumors were extracted from baseline CT scans. Particularly, we incorporated tumor-focused, refined radiomics by calculating relative radiomics differences from paired tumors of individual patients. We applied the L1-norm regularization and analysis of variance to select informative radiomics features for constructing radiomics model (RM) and refined radiomics model (RRM). The performance was assessed by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC). The two radiomics models were compared with the clinical-CT model (CCM, including clinical and CT semantic features). We incorporated both radiomics features to construct fusion model1 (FM1). We also, build fusion model2 (FM2) by combing both radiomics, clinical and CT semantic features. The performance of the FM1 and FM2 were further compared with that of the RRM. ResultsOn the validation set, the RM achieved an AUC of 0.857. The RRM demonstrated improved performance (validation set AUC, 0.870) than the RM, and showed significant differences compared with the CCM (validation set AUC, 0.782). Fusion models further led prediction performance (validation set AUC, FM1:0.885; FM2:0.889). There were no significant differences among the performance of the FM1, the FM2 and the RRM. ConclusionsThe CT-based radiomics models presented good performance on the discrimination between MPLCs and IPMs, demonstrating the potential for early diagnosis and treatment guidance for MPLCs and IPMs.

Intense, turbulent, or wallowing in the mire: A longitudinal study of cross-course online tactics, strategies, and trajectories

Research has repeatedly demonstrated that students with effective learning strategies are more likely to have better academic achievement. Existing research has mostly focused on a single course or two, while longitudinal studies remain scarce. The present study examines the longitudinal sequence of students' strategies, their succession, consistency, temporal unfolding, and whether students tend to retain or adapt strategies between courses. We use a large dataset of online traces from 135 students who completed 10 successive courses (i.e., 1350 course enrollments) in a higher education program. The methods used in this study have shown the feasibility of using trace data recorded by learning management systems to unobtrusively trace and model the longitudinal learning strategies across a program. We identified three program-level strategy trajectories: a stable and intense trajectory related to deep learning where students used diverse strategies and scored the highest grades; a fluctuating interactive trajectory, where students focused on course requirements, scored average grades, and were relatively fluctuating; and a light trajectory related to surface learning where students invested the least effort, scored the lowest grades, and had a relatively stable pathway. Students who were intensely active were more likely to transfer the intense strategies and therefore, they were expected to require less support or guidance. Students focusing on course requirements were not as effective self-regulators as they seemed and possibly required early guidance and support from teachers. Students with consistent light strategies or low effort needed proactive guidance and support.

예비유아교사를 위한 음악교수 프로그램의 효과

Objectives This study designed a music teaching program that can enhance the pre-kindergarten teachers’ personality characteristics and teaching efficacy in the music teaching class for pre-kindergarten teachers and examines the effects of the music teaching program through the results of applying the process. Methods To develop a music teaching program for pre-school teachers, starting with literature research, it is a composition that can be used in the teacher training process. It is designed as a 15 week educational program to be applied in the course. This program was conducted for 15 weeks for 120 students in the 3rd grade of early childhood education in Seoul and Gyeonggi area. The program was implemented mainly by instructors who have an understanding of the program and have experience in teaching and managing early childhood music education. Before and after the implementation of this program, the happiness and music teaching efficacy of pre-school teachers were measured. Results Through the music guidance program for prospective infant teachers, the post-test score was improved compared to the pre-test score of the happiness and musical teaching efficacy of the pre-infant teachers who participated. As a sub-factor of happiness, post-scores of internal happiness and self-regulated happiness were improved, and post-scores were improved in both sub-scores of general teaching efficacy and personal teaching efficacy, which are sub-scores of music teaching efficacy. The effect of this program could be confirmed as the score of happiness and music teaching efficacy increased. Conclusions This suggests that it is necessary to continue educational attempts to improve teacher competency and personality skills by combining music personality programs that can enhance the happiness and music teaching efficacy of prospective infant teachers in early childhood music guidance subjects.

Circulating Tumor DNA-A Novel Biomarker of Tumor Progression and Its Favorable Detection Techniques.

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the world and seriously affects the quality of life of patients. The diagnostic techniques for tumors mainly include tumor biomarker detection, instrumental examination, and tissue biopsy. In recent years, liquid technology represented by circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) has gradually replaced traditional technology with its advantages of being non-invasive and accurate, its high specificity, and its high sensitivity. ctDNA may carry throughout the circulatory system through tumor cell necrosis, apoptosis, circulating exosome secretion, etc., carrying the characteristic changes in tumors, such as mutation, methylation, microsatellite instability, gene rearrangement, etc. In this paper, ctDNA mutation and methylation, as the objects to describe the preparation process before ctDNA analysis, and the detection methods of two gene-level changes, including a series of enrichment detection techniques derived from PCR, sequencing-based detection techniques, and comprehensive detection techniques, are combined with new materials. In addition, the role of ctDNA in various stages of cancer development is summarized, such as early screening, diagnosis, molecular typing, prognosis prediction, recurrence monitoring, and drug guidance. In summary, ctDNA is an ideal biomarker involved in the whole process of tumor development.

A numerical study of the droplet impact dynamics on a two-dimensional random rough surface

Considerable efforts had been devoted to investigating numerically the droplet impact dynamics on a superhydrophobic surface, whereas most of these numerical simulations were restricted to the two-dimensional (2D) axisymmetric coordinate system with the one-dimensional (1D) substrate surface. In this work, a three-dimensional (3D) computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model, which intergrew a 2D random rough surface, was proposed to investigate the droplet impact dynamics, and the multi-phase flow issue was solved by the Navier–Stokes equations. It is remarkable that the 3D CFD model revealed several significant dynamic details that were not easily captured in a 2D axisymmetric coordinate system or practical experiments. For instance, the 3D CFD model provided a unique perspective to understand the varying dynamic behaviors of impinged droplet in terms of the velocity streamline and dynamic viscosity analyses. Herein, the dynamic viscosity diagram revealed that the sprawl droplet on the 2D random rough surface was classified as the Cassie state, while as the Wenzel state for the smooth surface, which also explained the better bouncing behaviors of the droplet from the random rough surface. Accordingly, we suggested a visual way to evaluate the solid–liquid contact area surrounded by the triple-phase contact line. The effects of finger protrusion and central cavity growth from the sprawl droplet on the vortex generation were further analyzed on the ground of the velocity amplitude distribution and streamline data. The present work can provide early guidance to inquire into the impact dynamics of droplets on the random rough surface.

ПЕДАГОГИЧЕСКИЕ УСЛОВИЯ ПРОЕКТИРОВАНИЯ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЙ СРЕДЫ РАННЕЙ ПРОФОРИЕНТАЦИИ ДЕТЕЙ В ДОШКОЛЬНОЙ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЙ ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ

The article deals with the problem of early vocational guidance for preschool children, substantiates the relevance and timeliness of addressing it. As a result of the questioning and qualitative analysis of the data obtained, the actual problems of teachers in organizing early career guidance for children in a preschool educational organization were studied. Psychological and pedagogical studies and practices of introducing author's methods of familiarizing preschool children with the world of professions are considered, starting with the immediate environment of children, as they grow older - with the professions of the parents of children, gradually expanding the range of ideas with heroic, working, creative professions and types of labor, depending on industrial development of the region. In this article, the author made an attempt to formulate pedagogical conditions that ensure the effectiveness and integrity of creating an optimal educational environment for early career guidance for children in a preschool educational organization. Pedagogical conditions are represented by three groups: socio-cultural, organizational-pedagogical and psychological-pedagogical. The author paid much attention to the substantive characteristics of the identified conditions, the creation of a developing subject-spatial environment of a preschool educational organization that promotes early career guidance for children, regional orientation, the features of including early career guidance in the educational process and the interaction of kindergarten and family in the studied aspect. Consideration of each of the groups of pedagogical conditions separately makes it possible to form a holistic view of the possibilities of the educational environment of a preschool educational organization in the early career guidance of preschoolers. The article is of a scientific and methodological nature, contains theoretical generalizations and methodological recommendations and may be useful to researchers, practitioners of the preschool education system.

Quantitative magnetic resonance spectroscopy of depression: The value of short-term metabolite changes in predicting treatment response.

Although various prediction models of the antidepressant response have been established, the results have not been effectively applied to heterogeneous depression populations, which has seriously limited their clinical value. This study tried to build a more specific and stable model to predict treatment response in depression based on short-term changes in hippocampal metabolites. Seventy-four major depressive disorder (MDD) patients and 20 healthy controls in the test set were prospectively collected and retrospectively analyzed. Subjects underwent magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) once a week during 6 weeks of treatment. Hippocampal regions of interest (ROIs) were extracted by using a voxel iteration scheme combined with standard brain templates. The short-term differences in hippocampal metabolites between and within groups were screened. Then, the association between hippocampal metabolite changes and clinical response was analyzed, and a prediction model based on logistic regression was constructed. In addition, a validation set (n = 60) was collected from another medical center to validate the predictive abilities. After 2-3 weeks of antidepressant treatment, the differences in indicators (tCho wee0-2, tCho wee0-3 and NAA week0-3) were successfully screened. Then, the predictive abilities of these three indicators were revealed in the logistic regression model, and the optimal prediction effect was found in d(tCho) week0-3-d(NAA) week0-3 (AUC = 0.841, 95%CI = 0.736-0.946). In addition, their predictive abilities were further confirmed with the validation set. The small sample size and the need for multiple follow-ups limited the statistical ability to detect other findings. The predictive model in this study presented accurate prediction and strong verification effects, which may provide early guidance for adjusting the treatment regimens of depression and serve as a checkpoint at which the eventual treatment outcome can be predicted.

Prevalence of Sars-Cov-2 in Stem Cell Donors from Anthony Nolan UK Stem Cell Registry: Sars-Cov-2 Testing Programme, Impact on Stem Cell Collections and Managing Risk Going Forward

Introduction The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic risked significant disruption to haematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). This led to changes in registry operations including widespread use of cryopreservation, Covid-19 screening strategies and deferral periods for positive donors or close contacts. Anthony Nolan (AN), along with UK Aligned Registry partners were some of the few organisations that instigated donor SARS-CoV-2 testing across the donor pathway from April 2020 and are in a unique position to comment on UK stem cell donor prevalence. SARS-COV-2 PCR testing of donor was performed at medical, ahead of G-CSF or BM for cryopreserved collections, before conditioning for fresh collections, and day of donation, in keeping with NICE guidance. Early guidance from JPAC recommended postponing donation three months from resolution of symptoms in donors with coronavirus, with discretionary earlier clearance depending on individual risk assessment and urgency of transplant. Deferral periods were subsequently reduced to 14 days. AN followed public health advice from UK government which included mandatory quarantine for contacts (lifted for vaccinated individuals from 16/8/21) and confirmed cases (legal requirement lifted 24/2/22). Methods Here we report for the first time our 2-year experience of the impact of Covid-19 on our large UK stem cell registry including the SARS-COV-2 prevalence in the UK donors, and impact on collections and cell infusion. This retrospective study included all UK donors (AN and BBMR) selected by UK and International Transplant centres (TCs) to donate PBSC, BM or DLI for paediatric and adult patients between 1st July 2020 and 1st July 2022. This does not include positive donors at verification typing stage or ahead of being selected as preferred donor. Results During study period AN received 1663 work up request for UK donors with 1459 of these donors attending a planned medical. There were 1071 collections (862 PBSC, 89 BM, 120 DLI). 709 (66.2%) of these were cryopreserved. 84 donors tested SARS-CoV-2 positive after being selected and scheduled as a donor giving a prevalence in this two-year period of 5.8%. This occurred before donor clearance was sent to TC in the majority of cases, 47 (56%). 25 (29.8%) occurred after clearance, of these 4 were due to be fresh collections with the intended recipients having commenced transplant conditioning (2 held conditioning and used same donor, 2 used back up donor). There were 8 donors positive on day of donation (7 PBSC, 1 DLI) amounting to 0.75% of all collections. Products were infused in 5 cases (3 fresh, 2 cryo) and discarded in three cases (all cryopreserved). 4 donors were positive within 2 days post donation. We are not aware of any complications or transmitted SARS-CoV-2 from the infused cells. 14 additional donors required mandatory isolation for Covid contact: one of which at a late stage after recipient had commenced conditioning, making a total of 5 post-conditioning cancellations/postponements. For the 84 confirmed SARS-CoV-2 donors, 49 (58.3%) went on to donate with a median deferral from time of original planned collection of 23 days (range 0-106 days). 11 were cancelled for alternative reasons and 24 (28.6%) opted for an alternative donor. During the study period there were a total 34 cryopreserved collections from UK donors not infused (3.2% of UK collections) most commonly due to change in patient circumstances (deterioration or death, 76%). Conclusion AN significantly adapted working during the Covid-19 pandemic. Both cryopreservation and the testing strategy were integral to ensuring the safety of our donors, recipients and collection centre staff and procedures. Covid-19 infection in selected donors (5.6%) led to collection delays (average 23 days) but, whilst each individual case was unfortunate and regrettable, the fact that this transpired to only 5 late-stage (post-conditioning) cancellations/postponements during the study period, does provide reassurance. This highlights during times of high community prevalence having a back-up donor option for planned fresh infusions remains valid advice, and if this cannot be assured then cryopreservation is likely to remain a valuable option. The high number of non-infused products is an area of concern and highlights importance of effective communication between TC and registry, and the importance of completing pre-transplant work up assessment ahead of donor mobilisation. Figure 1View largeDownload PPTFigure 1View largeDownload PPT Close modal

Mars Entry, Descent, and Landing Instrumentation 2 Trajectory, Aerodynamics, and Atmosphere Reconstruction

On February 18th, 2021, the Mars 2020 entry system successfully delivered the Perseverance rover to the surface of Mars at Jezero Crater. The entry capsule carried a set of instrumentation installed on the heat shield and backshell, named the “Mars Entry, Descent, and Landing Instrumentation 2.” The instruments include pressure transducers, thermocouples, heat flux gauges, and radiometers to measure the aerodynamic and aerothermodynamic performance of the entry vehicle. This paper describes the trajectory and atmosphere reconstruction results based on the pressure sensor measurements. The process uses a Kalman filter approach to estimate the freestream atmospheric properties from the pressure measurements combined with a model of the pressure distribution of the heatshield and other sensor inputs, including an inertial measurement unit and other on-board navigation sensors, and several external atmospheric observations. The results indicate that the upper altitude density was up to 150% higher than nominal, which is consistent with the observed early entry guidance start time. The density below 40 km was within 12% of the preflight predictions. The reconstructed axial force coefficient was approximately 2% lower than the preflight prediction across the flight range.

Simulation framework for early design guidance of urban streets to improve outdoor thermal comfort and building energy efficiency in summer

Global warming and the urban heat island effect have led to the deterioration of the outdoor thermal environment and the rise of building cooling demand, calling for urban design with high environmental quality. However, little has been changed in the practice of urban street design. This paper bridges this gap by developing a framework of parametric simulation for design guidance of urban streets with an advanced urban canopy model that can simulate the interactive indoor-outdoor environment. Case studies are conducted at the neighborhood scale for six cities to improve outdoor thermal comfort and building energy efficiency in summer. The influence of street and building design parameters has been investigated based on 31104 simulations. Results reveal the conflict between optimizing outdoor thermal comfort and optimizing building energy efficiency. In the majority of the investigated cities, window-to-wall ratio, window type, and street orientation are the most influential parameters. Strategies by adjusting these parameters can significantly improve outdoor thermal comfort, as quantified by thermal stress hours, at a cost of increasing the building cooling load. Planting bigger and denser roadside trees always moderately reduces the thermal stress hours and building cooling load. These results demonstrate the potential of this framework to identify the design trade-offs between thermal comfort and building energy efficiency. The framework can be extended to various cities to help designers and policymakers at the early design stage.

Patterns in Mothers’ Recollection of Health Care Providers’ Young Child Feeding Recommendations

ObjectiveCharacterize feeding guidance mothers recall receiving from their child's health care provider (HCP). DesignCross-sectional study of mothers participating in the 2017–2019 National Survey of Family Growth. ParticipantsUS mothers reporting (n = 1,302) information about their youngest child (aged 6 months to 5 years). Variables MeasuredWeighted percentage of mothers who recalled their child's HCP discussing 6 different feeding topics by demographic characteristics. AnalysisLogistic regression assessing the relationship between recall of feeding guidance and demographics. ResultsIn this sample, 36.9% of mothers (95% confidence interval, 32.3–41.4) recalled HCPs recommending solid food before 6 months old (34.6% at 4–5 months, and 2.3% before 4 months). Mothers who were older or had a higher education level were more likely than their counterparts to recall their HCP discussing several of the feeding topics examined. Conclusion and ImplicationsMothers reported high recollection of early childhood nutrition guidance from their HCP; however, certain topics (eg, appropriate timing of solid food introduction) could be prioritized, and some subpopulations may need additional focus to improve receipt of messages. A better understanding of variability in recall of feeding guidance could provide information for interventions to address barriers to receiving and retaining guidance.

Surface Charge Density Gradient Printing To Drive Droplet Transport: A Numerical Study.

Traditional strategies, such as morphological or chemical gradients, struggle to realize the high-velocity and long-distance transport for droplets on a solid surface because of the pinning hydrodynamic equilibrium. Thus, there is a continuing challenge for practical technology to drive droplet transport over the last decades. The surface charge density (SCD) gradient printing method overcame the theoretical limit of traditional strategies and tackled this challenge [Nat. Mater. 2019, 18: 936], which utilized the asymmetric electric force to realize the high-velocity and long-distance droplet transport along a preprinted SCD gradient pathway. In the present work, by coupling the electrostatics and the hydrodynamics, we developed an unexplored numerical model for the water droplet transporting along the charged superhydrophobic surface. Subsequently, the effects of SCD gradients on the droplet transport were systematically discussed, and an optimized method for SCD gradient printing was proposed according to the numerical results. The present approach can provide early guidance for the SCD gradient printing to drive droplet transport on a solid surface.

Association of obesity, triglyceride-glucose and its derivatives index with risk of hyperuricemia among college students in Qingdao, China.

ObjectiveTo analyze and compare the associations of hyperuricemia (HUA) with obesity, triglyceride-glucose (TyG), and its derivatives in college students. To provide early guidance on risk predictors of HUA in college students.MethodsThis study was a cross-sectional survey including 23,411 participants (age: 17-20 years). Investigators conducted face-to-face interview surveys and physical examinations. Automated biochemical methods were used to detect biochemical indicators such as serum uric acid (UA). Calculation of obesity, TyG, and their derivatives indices were performed. Logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between different indexes and hyperuricemia. OR value and 95% CI were also calculated. ROC curve was used for assessing the predictive ability of different indices of hyperuricemia.ResultsAfter adjusting for age, SBP, DBP, ALT, AST, TC, BUN, and CREA, multivariate logistic regression showed that the OR value of LAP in the obesity index was higher, especially in women (male OR: 4.347, 95%CI: 3.807, 4.964; female OR: 4.672, 95%CI: 3.800, 5.744). The other three quartiles of TyG derivatives were highly associated with hyperuricemia in men and women compared with the top quartile (all P< 0.05). The risk of hyperuricemia increased with an increase in quartiles. For college students, all indicators could distinguish the presence of hyperuricemia. For men, the area under the curve (AUC) of TyG-WC was the largest (AUC: 0.694; 95%CI: 0.684-0.704; P<0.05), according to the Maximum Youden index 0.290 with cut point value 477.853. In women, TyG-BMI showed a maximum AUC value of 0.702 (95%CI: 0.685-0.719; P<0.05), according to the maximum Youden index of 0.317 with cut point value 132.446. The TyG-WC, TyG-WHtR, TyG-LAP, and LAP indices also had relatively high AUC.ConclusionIn clinical practice, LAP, TYG, and their related derivatives may be used as sensitive indicators for HUA prediction in college students.

Development and validation of an ECM-related prognostic signature to predict the immune landscape of human hepatocellular carcinoma

BackgroundThe global burden of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is increasing, negatively impacting social health and economies. The discovery of novel and valuable biomarkers for the early diagnosis and therapeutic guidance of HCC is urgently needed.MethodsExtracellular matrix (ECM)-related gene sets, transcriptome data and mutation profiles were downloaded from the Matrisome Project and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)-LIHC datasets. Coexpression analysis was initially performed with the aim of identifying ECM-related lncRNAs (r > 0.4, p < 0.001). The screened lncRNAs were subjected to univariate analysis to obtain a series of prognosis-related lncRNA sets, which were incorporated into least absolute selection and shrinkage operator (LASSO) regression for signature establishment. Following the grouping of LIHC samples according to risk score, the correlations between the signature and clinicopathological, tumour immune infiltration, and mutational characteristics as well as therapeutic response were also analysed. lncRNA expression levels used for modelling were finally examined at the cellular and tissue levels by real-time PCR. All analyses were based on R software.ResultsAL031985.3 and MKLN1-AS were ultimately identified as signature-related lncRNAs, and both were significantly upregulated in HCC tissue samples and cell lines. The prognostic value of the signature reflected by the AUC value was superior to that of age, sex, grade and stage. Correlation analysis results demonstrated that high-risk groups exhibited significant enrichment of immune cells (DCs, macrophages and Tregs) and increased expression levels of all immune checkpoint genes. Prominent differences in clinicopathological profiles, immune functions, tumour mutation burden (TMB) and drug sensitivity were noted between the two risk groups.ConclusionsOur signature represents a valuable predictive tool in the prognostic management of HCC patients. Further validation of the mechanisms involved is needed.

Artificial Intelligence Used for the Diagnosis, Treatment and Surveillance of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Systematic Review

Introduction: Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of liver cancer, compromising about 75% of all liver cancers. The advancement in artificial intelligence (AI) has paved the way in the field of liver cancers to help clinicians with early diagnosis, treatment guidance and surveillance for HCC. The aim of this review was to summarize different AI-assisted methods that could be used in the diagnosis, treatment, and surveillance of HCC throughout the literature. Methods: PubMed and MEDLINE OVID databases were searched for primary studies involving AI and HCC published from 2012 to February 2022. Data was obtained, including study characteristics and outcome measures: accuracy, area under curve (AUC), specificity, sensitivity, and errors. A narrative synthesis was used to summarize the findings. Results: The systematic search produced 340 studies, of which 36 met the pre-determined eligibility criteria. The studies were published between 2012 to 2020. All the studies with their respective AI models/algorithms were described and summarized in the tables according to their role in the diagnosis, treatment, or surveillance of HCC. All the studies included used different AI algorithms, out of which, most were used for diagnostic purposes (44%), followed by treatment prediction (38%) and then surveillance of HCC (18%). Among studies, 38% reported their results as AUC, 33% of the studies reported accuracy, 19% reported sensitivity and specificity, 4% reported concordance indices (C-indices), 3% reported the mean errors and 2% reported AUROC values for respective AI models used. The accuracy of the diagnostic, treatment and surveillance tools range from 40% to 99%, 50% to 90% and 70% to 95% respectively. Conclusion: Many AI models are available that show promising results for the different applications in diagnosis, treatment, and surveillance of HCC. However, the demand for the generalization of these results remains. Future research should focus on improving the results and accuracy of these algorithms used for HCC to reduce the risks in complicated procedures.

ПЕДАГОГИЧЕСКИЕ УСЛОВИЯ РЕАЛИЗАЦИИ ПРОФОРИЕНТАЦИИ ДЕТЕЙ РАННЕГО ВОЗРАСТА В ДОШКОЛЬНОМ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОМ УЧРЕЖДЕНИИ

Modernization of the domestic education system contributed to the restructuring of the methodological base of the educational process, the adoption of new legal documents regulating the state policy in the field of education, and the development of innovative educational practices at all levels of the lifelong education system. A special approach was required to the problem of self-realization and self-determination of a person in professional activities, an adequate choice of career, the scope of application of personal capabilities in accordance with certain abilities and inclinations for the chosen profession. According to the majority of domestic and foreign scientists, the choice of life and professional path begins not from the moment of studying at a university, but long before that, and, as the researchers note, not even at the stage of schooling, but even in a preschool educational organization. In this regard, one of the most important tasks of modern preschool education is the development of pedagogical conditions that contribute to the successful formation of preschoolers' ideas about the world of professions and understanding the essence of adult work, which in pedagogical science is usually called early career guidance. An analysis of existing practices shows that the work of preschool educational institutions in this direction comes down only to familiarizing children with the work of adults. At the same time, preschoolers often find themselves cut off from the real world of work, cannot imagine the nature of professional activity and “try” themselves in a particular profession. The authors of the article made an attempt to correct the existing gap in the work of kindergartens. They developed pedagogical conditions for the implementation of early career guidance in preschool educational institutions, organized an empirical study that proved their effectiveness.

유튜브(YouTube) 이용 형태가 유아 보호자의 미디어 교육 경험과 필요성 차이 연구

This study analyzed the differences in the educational experience and necessity of children's media YouTube usage and parents' education. The purpose of this study is to prepare a media guidance plan for young children in a digital environment. This study is an analysis study using data from the 2020 Children's Media Use Survey by the Korea Press Foundation during the COVID-19 period. As a result of the study, first, as for the devices using YouTube, smartphones accounted for the most at 41.6%, followed by tablets, smart TVs, computers, and others. It was found that on average, children spend more than an hour on YouTube per day between 100 and 130 minutes per week. On the other hand, on the weekend, on average, people watched YouTube for more than 2 hours, between 120-130 minutes. Second, it was found that the YouTube content watched during a week of infants was watched more in the daycare center in the cartoon/animation category, but the toy materials and games were watched more in the kindergarten. Meanwhile, as a result of analyzing the educational contents watched for a week, nursery rhymes/music accounted for the most at 18.6%, followed by fairy tales, English education, nature education, and sociality education. Third, the reason for letting infants watch YouTube was not to be disturbed by the child (23.9%) the most, followed by stress/diversion, compensation, acquisition of new information, and the child being choked up. Fourth, education experience and necessity of parental education The Internet showed the highest number of places to get help for media use guidance (25.7%). In terms of media education, it was found that children received more media education in kindergarten than in daycare center. It was found that more education was received in the non-adoptive parental cohabitation group than in the adoptive-parent cohabiting group. And in terms of the benefits of media education, it was shown that the media education received by parents, early childhood guidance, and children in kindergarten was more beneficial than daycare. Necessity of Media Education Overall, all respondents answered that they needed it as around 4.0. Media education required for young children showed the highest level of self-regulation ability at 36.4%, followed by understanding of positive/negative effects, information utilization method, and information discrimination ability. As a research suggestion, the guidelines for prevention of media overdependence in infants and young children should provide specific guidelines for children's media use along with information on cognitive development, physical development, and emotional development that match the characteristics of infants and young children according to the number of months. In addition, it is absolutely necessary to develop a curriculum that includes the harmful effects of digital media and the advantages and disadvantages of media according to the stage of children's development in the professional training course for educational institutions (kindergarten) and childcare institutions (daycare centers).

A systematic approach to the multi-level career guidance «kindergarten - school - university»

One of the most important problems of modern society in general and of each individual person in particular is the problem of professional self-determination. Currently, the labor market is characterized by rather high requirements for potential workers. At the same time, job seekers are constantly faced with numerous problems: these are ongoing changes in market conditions; and fierce competition for vacant jobs, the number of which is constantly decreasing in the context of digitalization of all spheres of society; and the emergence of new digital professions professions of the future, in which labor maintenance requires special skills; and the exponentially accelerating obsolescence of professional competencies due to rapidly changing technologies and the ongoing scientific and technical revolution, etc. At the same time, professional self-determination is characterized by the dynamic process of finding oneself in the profession, which manifests itself, among other things, in entering the phase of option more than once in a lifetime due to various circumstances. In this regard, the problem of organizing an early multi-level comprehensive career guidance work with the younger generation, which would ensure successful professional self-determination of the individual, becomes urgent. The paper presents the authors view on the organization of the system of career guidance work, as well as the results of diagnostics of students of university classes of the Ulyanovsk State University of Education according to the method of J. Holland using digital career guidance services.

A Photographic Essay on Landslides Across Southeastern New South Wales Triggered by the Rainfull Events of 2022

Eastern Australia has experienced a significant magnitude rainfall event of extended duration in the first 7 months of 2022. Across the east coast of New South Wales (NSW) a series of troughs and East Coast Lows occurred during a La Nina weather cycle bringing above average rainfall to the region. As this first half of 2022 La Nina event was drawing to a close the Indian Ocean Dipole entered a negative phase which coincided with another intense East Coast Low in early July 2022 impacting the Illawarra region of NSW. These events caused widespread flooding and significant landslide damage to road and rail infrastructure across the state networks and local government infrastructure across NSW. During this extended wet period in the first 7 months of 2022 more than 200 landslides have been recorded across the Illawarra, Southern Highlands and Blue Mountains regions of NSW whilst many more have occurred across the north coast region. This paper presents a brief and albeit preliminary summary of the rainfall and provides a series of photographs with very brief descriptions of some of these landslide events within southeastern NSW. The intent of the paper is to provide early guidance to AGS members of the nature and form of landslides that have occurred across the Illawarra region. This paper does not discuss the dual fatality resulting from the Wentworth Falls area rockfall of the 5th April.