Early Detection Of Cervical Cancer Research Articles

Determinants of Childbearing Age Couples Perform Early Detection of Cervical Cancer Through IVA Method (Visual Inspection of Acetic Acid) in Sigi Regency

Introduction: Cervical cancer is a malignant disease that is quite often heard among the public. Cervical cancer or commonly referred to as cervical cancer often occurs in women. Cervical cancer can occur due to a poor lifestyle and environment, such as having free sex, changing partners and a lack of personal hygiene. Objective: This study aims to determine the determinants of early detection of cervical cancer in couples of childbearing age (PUS) in Sigi Regency. Method: This study used a cross sectional research design. Result: There was a significant relationship between knowledge, attitude and behavior of early detection of cervical cancer in Sigi Regency. There was no significant relationship between education, employment and support of health workers and early detection behavior of cervical cancer in Sigi Regency. Conclusion: This study concluded that there is a significant relationship between knowledge, attitudes and behaviors for early detection of cervical cancer in Sigi Regency. And there was no significant relationship between education, employment and support of health workers and early detection behavior of cervical cancer in Sigi Regency.

Vaginal self-sampling for HPV in the context of cervical cancer screening

Abstract Background Effective cervical cancer screening programme has the potential to improve disease outcomes, yet women’s participation rates in Latvia remain suboptimal. Utilizing vaginal self-sampling for HPV, a convenient method, has demonstrated efficacy in boosting participation in under-screened populations. We analysed sociodemographic factors, as well as health behaviours with the preference for vaginal self-sampling procedures for early detection of cervical cancer. Methods Cross-sectional survey (2021-2022) included 1313 women in Latvia. Sampling was done in the colposcopy clinic and among GP practices. In the univariate analysis cervical cancer examination preference (self-test or by a physician) was analysed in association sociodemographic factors, participation in the screening, HPV status, study group, and health-related behaviour. Financed by “Internal consolidation of RSU and external consolidation of RSU with LSPA” (No. 5.2.1.1.i.0/2/24/I/CFLA/005), The EU Recovery and Resilience plan and the state budget, Grant Nr. RSU-PAG-2024/1-0016. Results 48.6 % (n = 538) of the women would prefer to use a vaginal self-test. Higher odds of the vaginal self-test preference were observed among Latvian (OR = 1.4 (1.1-1.8) vs other nationality women, but no other sociodemographic factors showed statistically significant associations. Women in the colposcopy study group (vs GP practices) were more likely to utilize self-sampling (OR = 1.8 (1.4-2.5). Non-participation in cervical cancer screening was related to 2.4 (1.6-3.6) higher odds of self-test preference, but knowledge about screening was related to 1.5 (1.1-2.0) times higher odds. Women who were HPV-negative were more likely to prefer vaginal self-test for HPV (OR = 1.4 (1.1-1.8) in comparison to HPV-positive women. Health-related behaviour did not show any associations. Conclusions Vaginal self-test for HPV can be effectively used to reach under-screened populations and enhance cervical cancer screening coverage. Key messages • The implementation of vaginal self-sampling for HPV testing has the potential to improve participation rates in cervical cancer screening programs among under-screened populations. • Outreach and education activities tailored to specific target groups in population could enhance level of the cervical cancer screening uptake.

A novel methylation-detection panel for HPV associated high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion and cervical cancer screening

Cervical cancer (CC) was considered to be the most common gynaecological cancer, with an estimated 342,000 deaths worldwide each year, as the majority of patients were diagnosed at an advanced stage of the disease. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the predictive value of multi-locus methylation assay for the early detection of CC. The cervical exfoliated cell samples from 492 HPV-positive females with cervical lesions were collected and subjected to methylation detection of gene FAM19A4, EPB41L3 and PAX1 after bisulfite conversion. The levels of gene methylation in patients with different severity of cervical lesions were evaluated and compared. The receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve was established and efficacy indexes such as sensitivity, specificity and area under the curve (AUC) were calculated to assess the diagnostic value of DNA methylation detection at multiple gene loci for CC. The methylation levels of FAM19A4, EPB41L3 and PAX1 were significantly increased with the grade of cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions. The sensitivities of FAM19A4, EPB41L3 and PAX1 alone for high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) and CC diagnosis were 84.6%, 86.3% and 88.0%, respectively; when three markers were combined by a logistic regression model, the sensitivity was 88.0%, with a high specificity of 97.7% and AUC of 0.957 (95% CI 0.937–0.977). Methylation status of FAM19A4, EPB41L3 and PAX1 were highly specific and effective for monitoring the progression of cervical lesions and the tri-gene methylation assay could be used as a triage tool for CC early screening.

Facile Electrical DNA Genosensor for Human Papillomavirus (HPV 58) for Early Detection of Cervical Cancer

For decades, a Pap smear test has been applied as a conventional method in detecting Human Papillomavirus caused cervical cancer. False-positive results were also recorded while using it as conventional method. Current biosensor such as Hybrid (II) Capture resulted in higher time consumption and cost. s Meanwhile, in this study we provided facile, mini, rapid, highly sensitive, eco-friendly, and cost-effective sensing system focusing on HPV strain 58 (HPV58) in a nano-size lab-on-chip technology genosensor. 30-mer of virus ssDNA designed and analyzed as a probe via bioinformatics tools such as GenBank, Basic Local Alignment Searching Tools (BLAST) and ClustalW. Nanotechnology-developed colloidal Gold-nanoparticles (AuNPs) are used in the biosensor fabrication to produce high stability and electron efficient transmission during electrical measurement. AuNPs-APTES modified on active sites of IDEs, followed by immobilization of specific probe ssDNA for HPV 58. Hydrogen binding during hybridization with its target produce electrical signals measured by KEITHLEY 2450 (Source Meter). The genosensor validated with different types of targets such as complimentary, non-complementary and single mismatch oligonucleotides. The serial dilution of target concentration has been experimented triplicate (n=3) range from 1fM to 10μM. The slope of calibration curve resulted 2.389E-0 AM-1 with regression coefficient (R2) = 0.97535.

Early Cervical Cancer Diagnosis with SWIN-Transformer and Convolutional Neural Networks.

Introduction: Early diagnosis of cervical cancer at the precancerous stage is critical for effective treatment and improved patient outcomes. Objective: This study aims to explore the use of SWIN Transformer and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) hybrid models combined with transfer learning to classify precancerous colposcopy images. Methods: Out of 913 images from 200 cases obtained from the Colposcopy Image Bank of the International Agency for Research on Cancer, 898 met quality standards and were classified as normal, precancerous, or cancerous based on colposcopy and histopathological findings. The cases corresponding to the 360 precancerous images, along with an equal number of normal cases, were divided into a 70/30 train-test split. The SWIN Transformer and CNN hybrid model combines the advantages of local feature extraction by CNNs with the global context modeling by SWIN Transformers, resulting in superior classification performance and a more automated process. The hybrid model approach involves enhancing image quality through preprocessing, extracting local features with CNNs, capturing the global context with the SWIN Transformer, integrating these features for classification, and refining the training process by tuning hyperparameters. Results: The trained model achieved the following classification performances on fivefold cross-validation data: a 94% Area Under the Curve (AUC), an 88% F1 score, and 87% accuracy. On two completely independent test sets, which were never seen by the model during training, the model achieved an 80% AUC, a 75% F1 score, and 75% accuracy on the first test set (precancerous vs. normal) and an 82% AUC, a 78% F1 score, and 75% accuracy on the second test set (cancer vs. normal). Conclusions: These high-performance metrics demonstrate the models' effectiveness in distinguishing precancerous from normal colposcopy images, even with modest datasets, limited data augmentation, and the smaller effect size of precancerous images compared to malignant lesions. The findings suggest that these techniques can significantly aid in the early detection of cervical cancer at the precancerous stage.

ATTITUDE OF FEMALE STUDENTS IN PUBLIC TERTIARY INSTITUTION IN IMO ABOUT CERVICAL CANCER SCREENING

Cervical cancer is a significant health concern and one of the leading causes of death among women globally. This study aimed to examine the attitudes related to cervical cancer screening among female students in public tertiary institutions in Imo State, Nigeria. The study, guided by three research questions and two null hypotheses tested at the 0.05 significance level used a descriptive survey design. A sample of 900 students was selected from a population of 11,825 female undergraduates. The research instrument, “Attitude towards Cervical Cancer Screening Questionnaire (ACCSQ)” was validated and found reliable with coefficient alphas of 0.89. Data were collected through direct delivery and analysed using SPSS, employing descriptive statistics of mean and standard deviation and inferential statistics of ANOVA. The findings revealed that most students had a positive attitude toward screening, with a mean attitude score of 53.35. Attitudes of the female students of this study towards cervical cancer screening did not significantly differ based on their ages or their level of education. The study recommended that given the generally positive attitude towards cervical cancer screening, awareness campaigns should be strengthened to further encourage screening participation. These campaigns should target all age groups, emphasizing the importance of early detection and regular screening for cervical cancer. KEYWORDS: Cervical cancer, screening, female students, attitude, public, tertiary institutions

Characterizing the Patterns of Cervical Cancer Symptom Recognition, Symptom Response, and Associated Factors Among Patients Treated in a Teaching Hospital in Ghana.

Cervical cancer is a major global health issue and ranks as the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women in Ghana. This study aimed to explore and characterize the patterns of symptom recognition associated with cervical cancer and the symptom responses among women in Ghana. A descriptive qualitative design utilizing 20 individual semistructured interview sessions was used. The study was conducted in one of Ghana's major cancer treatment centers. Data were collected using face-to-face interviews. The data were analyzed using NVivo 12 and presented as themes and subthemes. Data analysis revealed 2 main themes: barriers to symptom recognition and response and facilitators of early symptom recognition and symptom response. Barriers included deficient knowledge about cervical symptoms, spiritual attributions of symptoms, preference for herbal remedies for symptoms, misdiagnosis, and seeking help through multiple facility visits. Facilitating factors of symptom response include perceived severity/identification of additional symptoms, quick referrals with some navigation within the healthcare system, and advice from women's microcommunity. The study emphasizes the need for continuous educational efforts on cervical cancer and its symptoms. Healthcare providers, patients, and the public have a part to play in the awareness and early detection of cervical cancer. Initiatives that educate women about the early symptoms of cervical cancer and the importance of screening can help with early recognition. Educating communities about cervical cancer empowers individuals to take charge of their health and encourages supportive environments for women to seek care.

Enhancing awareness of breast self-examination and pap smears for early detection of breast and cervical cancer

Reproductive health problems, especially breast cancer and cervical cancer are the most common cancers diagnosed in women in Indonesia. Currently, several testing methods to detect breast and cervical cancer early, such as breast self-examination (BSE) and pap smears, have been used to reduce cancer risk factors. However, these two methods are still not widely used. Outreach activities have been proven to increase knowledge about the importance of BSE and pap smears in women. This community service program aims to increase knowledge about the causes and symptoms of breast and cervical cancer, as well as early detection using BSE and pap smears. This service activity plan consisted of preparation, implementation, and evaluation stages. The method used consists of delivering interactive material, discussion, and practice. This activity was attended by 38 participants, consisting of women from PKK cadres in the Andir area, Ciroyom District, the majority of whom were over 35 years old. Based on the results of the post-test, this community service activity was successful in increasing participants' knowledge, attitudes, and behavior towards breast and cervical cancer as well as the early detection methods of BSE and pap smears.

Comprehensive Details on Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infections and Associated Malignancies: Awareness about Prophylaxis & Treatment Options Available for HPV Infections

Human Papilloma virus (HPV) role has now been widely accepted as a causative agent for cervical as well as head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Screening and early detection of cervical cancer remains the key element to eradicate this deadly disease. Since it has a long natural history and disease progression, this gave an opportunity for early detection through screening of precancerous lesions which was adopted in high income countries (HIC) like UK which has led to the significant reduction of the cases. Unfortunately, Low- and middle-income countries are facing huge burden because of the lack of effective screening program. FDA approved Cervarix, Gardasil and Gardasil 9 are used as prophylaxis for cervical cancer & genital warts but screening is still essential after vaccination because these vaccines are not effective against all types of HPV types. HPV 16 & HPV 18 are highly oncogenic types and accounts for 70% of cervical cancers. The use of vaccine reduces the risk of getting HPV infection and decrease the rate of morbidity and mortality due to the cervical cancer. In addition to vaccines, many peptides or protein-based & cell or DNA-based vaccines are still in clinical trials; these prevention and management available in vaccines are likely to come up with significant benefits of health in future. Although it’s usually cured by immune system but presence of certain cofactors such as smoking, HIV etc. reduces the probability of an individual to eradicate the infection effectively. The aim of this study is to review literature regarding HPV related infections and malignancies. Moreover, it will make individuals aware about prophylaxis & treatment options available for HPV infection. This review article evaluates the HPV related diseases, there screening, evaluation and management currently available. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 23 No. 04 October’24 Page : 967-983

An Epidemiological study on early detection of cervical cancer and barriers for seeking preventive Healthcare among rural females in North India

Lack of sufficient knowledge about detection and prevention of cervical cancer has made it one of the fastest growing cancers among Indian women. 200 rural women, ages 30 to 60, were evaluated as part of this cross-sectional research that took place in Jawan Village. Information was gathered via a standardized questionnaire that examined sociodemographic, awareness of cervical cancer, and barriers to receiving healthcare. IBM SPSS 26.0 was used for statistical analysis. The majority of the participants were homemakers and uneducated. Only 28.5% knew about cancer, and 71% had no idea that it can be cured if diagnosed early. 11% of respondents felt that tobacco use had a minimal impact on cervical cancer. Domestic responsibilities (61%) were mirrored in barriers to healthcare access. Moreover, 68% of respondents were unaware of the availability of HPV vaccine for prevention of cervical cancer. The critical need for focused health education initiatives and increased access to healthcare in rural regions is highlighted by this study. Comprehensive public health programs should target sociocultural obstacles, increase public knowledge of government institutions, and close knowledge gaps about cervical cancer.

Early Detection Of Cervical Cancer In Women Of Children's Age Who Attended The Papan Score (Pap) Service Of The Regional Hospital Of San Pedro Del Ycuamandyyú During The Months Of January To October 2023

Early Detection Of Cervical Cancer In Women Of Children's Age Who Attended The Papan Score (Pap) Service Of The Regional Hospital Of San Pedro Del Ycuamandyyú During The Months Of January To October 2023

Promising Drug Delivery System for Cervical Cancer – A Future Approach

There is evidence that peptide targeting can be applied in cervical cancer therapy and for diagnosis involving the use of molecular imaging, hence developing peptide probes for this disease. Cervical cancer, which also has a high possibility of being prevented, is among the common tumors affecting women globally. Despite the occurrence being reduced greatly by screening, the illness remains fatal and its claims many lives annually, especially in the developing nations. In exercising such a perspective, specific public health efforts known to encourage physical activity, proper diet, and early detection of cervical cancer must begin to be taken seriously. When combined, doctors, health officers, and lawmakers could speed up the global deployment of such programs. California’s American Cancer Society, the present review enlists a host of pharmaceutical goods available in the market. This perspective of present-day research and manufacturing is devoted to the development of various types of nanocarriers for possible utilization in medication transport. Thus, overall cancer mortality appears to be not substantially different, though cancer incidence rates for both sexes are 50% lower in impoverished countries when compared to affluent nations. At the moment, there are new peptide probes that are developed solely for cervical cancer-perfectly suitable for targeting peptides applicable in therapeutic and diagnostic imaging. M13KE phage dodecapeptide (12-mer) peptide library was screened for recognition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) by immunofluorescence and flow cytometry; the S7 clone was identified as most suitable. A disease that affects many women is gynecologic health problems, and cervical cancer is the leading presenting complaint experienced regularly. Among these studies, QSAR, drug-likeness, PCA, dynamic cross-correlation matrix, molecular docking, molecular dynamics and quantum calculation properties can be listed. In the first literature survey, after identifying the potent antibacterial and anticancer activity of the molecule apigenin, some other promising derivatives were identified and more research has been carried out on them, focusing on their synthesized derivatives as inhibitors of DNA polymerase theta and cervical cancer caused by human papillomavirus. The results were streamlined by the use of in-silico molecular docking, which showed that all Apigenin derivatives and the targeted proteins had potential energy-binding relationships. Further validation is essential because this study used in-silico computational methodologies and produced excellent results. Applying in-silico molecular docking made the data more comprehensible, which showed the possible energy bindings of the targeted proteins and all the Apigenin variants. Due to the fact that this work utilized in-silico computational methods and obtained significant results, further validation is required. Hence, the present wet-lab experiments coupled with both in-vitro and in-vivo conditions, additional validation of the results.

Abstract A154: Mammograms Across Missouri: A Qualitative Evaluation among Healthcare Providers to Improve Breast Cancer Screening in Rural Communities

Abstract Introduction: Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women, with rural communities having the highest rates of breast cancer mortality. Despite this burden, many women begin mammography later than recommended and the mammography screening rate remains low, with a previously reported declining trend, particularly among rural women compared to urban women. This study seeks to identify barriers to breast cancer screening and examine strategies to overcome these barriers in rural Missouri. Methods: In partnership with the Missouri Cancer Consortium and the Missouri Comprehensive Cancer Control Programs, we conducted key informant interviews with mammography health providers at health centers in each of ten counties with the highest breast cancer mortality and lowest screening mammography rates in Missouri. Semi-structured interviews included questions about seeking and delivering breast cancer screening as well as provider experiences with patient navigation, mobile mammography, and the CDC’s National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program (NBCCEDP). Data were analyzed using a deductive-inductive thematic approach in NVivo 14. Results: We conducted 14 interviews with health providers across 12 health sites. The majority of these sites used patient navigation (67%), mobile mammography (80%), and the CDC NBCCEDP (67%) as strategies to improve access to breast healthcare. Health providers frequently mentioned “no-shows” as a major challenge to providing breast healthcare, along with limited transportation, cost, fear, and competing work priorities as the major barriers faced by patients in seeking breast healthcare. Patient navigation and mobile mammography were beneficial in bringing breast healthcare closer to the community, while the CDC NBCCEDP covered screening and follow-up costs. The main facilitating factors to implementing these strategies were having dedicated staff and funding for patient navigation, and existing partnerships with other health institutions for mobile mammography. However, health providers identified several implementing challenges for the strategies. This included limited staff capacity and difficulty contacting or following up patients to schedule appointments for patient navigation and mobile mammography. For the CDC NBCCEDP, the challenges included difficulty identifying eligible patients and extensive paperwork in the enrollment process. Providers recommended increasing staff capacity to support patient navigation, using digital technology in identifying and enrolling women for the CDC NBCCEDP, and integrating mobile mammography with the CDC NBCCEDP to improve implementation efficiency. Discussion: The integration of multiple component strategies within breast healthcare may address the multi-level barriers women face in accessing breast cancer screening. This study contributes to the identification of organizational supports and informs development of policies needed to enhance the adoption and implementation of strategies that support the effective delivery of breast healthcare. Citation Format: Thembekile Shato, Carmen Vardeman, Sarah J. Chavez, Ashley C. Holmes, Joann Lee, Xarria Lewis, Katie Manga, Misty Phillips, Keisha Windham, Bettina F. Drake. Mammograms Across Missouri: A Qualitative Evaluation among Healthcare Providers to Improve Breast Cancer Screening in Rural Communities [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 17th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2024 Sep 21-24; Los Angeles, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2024;33(9 Suppl):Abstract nr A154.

Serum levels of stearic and dihomo-γ-linolenic acids can be used to diagnose cervical cancer and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia

Despite widespread cervical cancer (CC) screening programs, low participation has led to high morbidity and mortality rates, especially in developing countries. Because early-stage CC often has no symptoms, a non-invasive and convenient diagnostic method is needed to improve disease detection. In this study, we developed a new approach for differentiating both CC and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)2/3, a precancerous lesion, from healthy individuals by exploring CC fatty acid metabolic reprogramming. Analysis of public datasets suggested that various fatty acid metabolizing enzymes were expressed at higher levels in CC tissues than in normal tissues. Correspondingly, 11 free fatty acids (FFAs) showed significantly different serum levels in CC patient samples compared with healthy donor samples. Nine of these 11 FFAs also displayed significant alterations in CIN2/3 patients. We then generated diagnostic models using combinations of these FFAs, with the optimal model including stearic and dihomo-γ-linolenic acids. Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses suggested that this diagnostic model could detect CC and CIN2/3 more accurately than using serum squamous cell carcinoma antigen level. In addition, the diagnostic model using FFAs was able to detect patients regardless of clinical stage or histological type. Overall, the serum FFA diagnostic model developed in this study could be a powerful new tool for the non-invasive early detection of CC and CIN2/3.

Increasing knowledge and early detection of cervical cancer in women of childbearing age through IVA examination

Cervical cancer is one of the cancers that has a high prevalence in women, especially in childbearing age. Early detection through Visual Inspection of Acetic Acid (IVA) is an effective method to reduce the incidence and mortality rate due to cervical cancer. This Community Service Activity (PKM) aims to increase the knowledge of women of childbearing age about the importance of early detection of cervical cancer and facilitate IVA examinations for them. The methods used include health counseling through interactive lectures, distribution of educational materials, and the implementation of free IVA examinations. The results of the activity showed a significant increase in participants' knowledge about cervical cancer and the importance of early detection. In addition, enthusiasm and participation in IVA examinations increased, with more than 80% of participants attending undergoing examinations. This activity is expected to contribute to reducing the incidence of cervical cancer through preventive and educational efforts. A continuation of this program is the establishment of support groups in the community that will continue to promote reproductive health and early detection of cancer.

The effect of features combination on coloscopy images of cervical cancer using the support vector machine method

<p>Cervical cancer is cancer that grows in cells in the cervix. This cancer generally develops slowly and only shows symptoms when it has entered an advanced stage. Therefore, it is crucial to detect cervical cancer early before serious complications arise. One way to detect cervical cancer early is to use colposcopy, which is to look closely at the condition of the cervix to find changes in cells in the cervix that have the potential to become cancer. However, this method requires the expertise of an obstetrician. This research proposes the use of image processing techniques to create automatic early detection of cervical cancer based on coloscopy images. In this paper, we will discuss image selection using an approach in the form of comparing the weights of feature vectors and then using a data distribution threshold, features that are not too influential can be eliminated. Image classification uses the Support Vector Machine (SVM) method, which makes it possible to distinguish normal images from abnormal images. Classification with feature selection and merging results can improve the consistency of SVM model performance evenly across all four SVM kernels.</p>

Therapeutic Strategies in Advanced Cervical Cancer Detection, Prevention and Treatment.

Cervical cancer is ranked the fourth most common cause of cancer related deaths amongst women. The situation is particularly dire in low to lower middle-income countries. It continues to affect these countries due to poor vaccine coverage and screening. Cervical cancer is mostly detected in the advanced stages leading to poor outcomes. This review focuses on the progress made to date to improve early detection and targeted therapy using both circulating RNA. Vaccine has played a major role in cervical cancer control in vaccinated young woman in mainly developed countries yet in low-income countries with challenges of 3 dose vaccination affordability, cervical cancer continues to be the second most deadly amongst women. In this review, we show the progress made in reducing cervical cancer using vaccination that in combination with other treatments that might improve survival in cervical cancer. We further show with both miRNA and siRNA that targeted therapy and specific markers might be ideal for early detection of cervical cancer in low-income countries. These markers are either upregulated or down regulated in cancer providing clue to the stage of the cancer.

Quality assurance using quality indicators for prevention and early detection of cervical cancer in certified gynaecological dysplasia units and consultancies

PurposeCervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women worldwide. A successful screening concept for cervical cancer reduces the incidence and mortality of cervical cancer. Quality indicators (QIs) derived from the screening guidelines for cervical cancer and used by the certified dysplasia units and dysplasia consultancies are evaluated in this paper. The aim of this paper is to present the current data from the annual reports of these units and consultancies.MethodsThe results of the basic data and indicators for the audit year 2022 in the gynaecological dysplasia consultancies and units are presented. In 2022, 84 dysplasia consultancies and 42 units were audited. 40 units and 84 consultancies are included in the annual report. QI outcomes for patients treated in certified dysplasia units and dysplasia consultancies are analysed. Median, overall proportion, and standard deviation were calculated for each QI.ResultsThe indicator year 2021 was analysed, which was audited in 2022 and evaluated in 2023. A total of nine QIs were analysed. Most target goals were met by the 84 certified dysplasia consultancies and by the 40 dysplasia units. The QIs evaluated are implemented to a very high degree. The targets for the three QIs were achieved by both the dysplasia consultancies and the units in at least 95% of the certified centres (QI 1: 100%, QI 2: 95%, QI 3: 100%; QI 1: 100%, QI 2: 97%, QI 3: 100%, respectively). The presentation of patients to the tumour board by the consultancies/units is working; the units are attending the tumour board more regularly than in previous years. Where the target was not met, the auditors issued deviations or reduced the duration of the certificate. The cases are discussed intensively in the sense of an individual case analysis and with the determination of measures on-site.ConclusionsThe targets for the various indicators were largely met by the dysplasia consultancies and units in the 2022 audit year. The certification of gynaecological dysplasia consultancies/units which have to cooperate with certified gynaecological cancer centres, has for the first time ensured the continuity of healthcare from prevention and early diagnosis to treatment of gynaecological cancers.

VTCNet: A Feature Fusion DL Model Based on CNN and ViT for the Classification of Cervical Cells

ABSTRACTCervical cancer is a common malignancy worldwide with high incidence and mortality rates in underdeveloped countries. The Pap smear test, widely used for early detection of cervical cancer, aims to minimize missed diagnoses, which sometimes results in higher false‐positive rates. To enhance manual screening practices, computer‐aided diagnosis (CAD) systems based on machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) for classifying cervical Pap cells have been extensively researched. In our study, we introduced a DL‐based method named VTCNet for the task of cervical cell classification. Our approach combines CNN‐SPPF and ViT components, integrating modules like Focus and SeparableC3, to capture more potential information, extract local and global features, and merge them to enhance classification performance. We evaluated our method on the public SIPaKMeD dataset, achieving accuracies, precision, recall, and F1 scores of 97.16%, 97.22%, 97.19%, and 97.18%, respectively. We also conducted additional experiments on the Herlev dataset, where our results outperformed previous methods. The VTCNet method achieved higher classification accuracy than traditional ML or shallow DL models through this integration. Related codes: https://github.com/Camellia‐0892/VTCNet/tree/main.

Strategies to Increase Participation in Early Detection of Cervical Cancer in Women of Childbearing Age: A Systematic Review

Strategies to Increase Participation in Early Detection of Cervical Cancer in Women of Childbearing Age: A Systematic Review