Characterizing the Patterns of Cervical Cancer Symptom Recognition, Symptom Response, and Associated Factors Among Patients Treated in a Teaching Hospital in Ghana.

Abstract

Cervical cancer is a major global health issue and ranks as the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women in Ghana. This study aimed to explore and characterize the patterns of symptom recognition associated with cervical cancer and the symptom responses among women in Ghana. A descriptive qualitative design utilizing 20 individual semistructured interview sessions was used. The study was conducted in one of Ghana's major cancer treatment centers. Data were collected using face-to-face interviews. The data were analyzed using NVivo 12 and presented as themes and subthemes. Data analysis revealed 2 main themes: barriers to symptom recognition and response and facilitators of early symptom recognition and symptom response. Barriers included deficient knowledge about cervical symptoms, spiritual attributions of symptoms, preference for herbal remedies for symptoms, misdiagnosis, and seeking help through multiple facility visits. Facilitating factors of symptom response include perceived severity/identification of additional symptoms, quick referrals with some navigation within the healthcare system, and advice from women's microcommunity. The study emphasizes the need for continuous educational efforts on cervical cancer and its symptoms. Healthcare providers, patients, and the public have a part to play in the awareness and early detection of cervical cancer. Initiatives that educate women about the early symptoms of cervical cancer and the importance of screening can help with early recognition. Educating communities about cervical cancer empowers individuals to take charge of their health and encourages supportive environments for women to seek care.