Early Detection Efforts Research Articles

Digital eye strain: prevalence and associated socio-demographic factors among banking assistants in Colombo District, Sri Lanka

Introduction: Along with the technological advancement, many sectors had digitalized including banking, education and health sectors. With the excess usage, digital eye strain is now becoming the most common occupational hazard among the digital device users. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of banking assistants with the digital eye strain (DES) and associated socio-demographic factors among banking assistants in a divisional secretariat division in Sri Lanka Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was done among all the branches of randomly selected banks in a purposively selected divisional secretariat division. On selected banks, 372 eligible banking assistants were selected by systematic sampling. Data were collected by a structured pretested self-administered questionnaire. DES was detected using Computer Vision Syndrome Questionnaire (CVS-Q). Selected factors were cross-tabulated by the presence or absence of DES and the association was assessed using Chi-squared followed by multiple logistic regression. A p value of 0.05 was used to determine the significance. Results: The response rate was 94.08%. The mean age of study population was 32.5 (95% CI: 31.88-33.11) years. Majority were females (n=206; 58.9%), married (n=228; 65.4%) and had a university degree (n=175; 50%). The duration of employment of the banking assistance varied from 3 months to 15 years. Sixty percent (n=210) of the banking assistants worked in the financial section. DES was detected in 70.6% of the employees. Civil status (p<0.001), education level (p=0.014) and working section (p=0.039) were found to be significantly associated with the presence of DES. Conclusions & Recommendations: The prevalence of DES among banking assistants was notably high. Early detection efforts should prioritize married employees, those in operational roles, and non-graduates to mitigate the condition's impact.

Consensus on Symptom Selection for Endometriosis Questionnaires: A Modified e-Delphi Study.

To build consensus on most important symptoms and related consequences for use in questionnaires to characterise individuals with suspected and confirmed endometriosis in the general population. A questionnaire of 107 symptoms and related consequences of endometriosis was collaboratively developed by patients, medical doctors and researchers and further assessed in a two-round e-Delphi study. Participants assessed the relevance of the symptoms, and a priori it was decided that 70% was the threshold for inclusion of a symptom. Participants represented 7 countries, including Australia, Denmark, France, Hungary, the United Kingdom, the United States, and Turkey. Individuals with endometriosis, medical doctors and researchers with expertise in endometriosis. A modified e-Delphi study. Consensus-based selection of symptoms for endometriosis questionnaires. Seventy-six participants completed the first Delphi round and 65 completed the second round. Four symptoms met consensus in the first round (menstrual pain, pain during sexual intercourse, cyclic pain during defecation, and infertility), with two additional symptoms reaching consensus in the second round (cyclic pain and increased doctor/health care contacts for abdominal/pelvic pain). This study highlighted six symptoms relevant for inclusion in endometriosis research questionnaires: menstrual pain, pain during sexual intercourse, cyclic pain during defecation, cyclic pain, infertility, and a high number of doctor/health care visits due to abdominal/pelvic pain. Recognising a broad range of potential symptoms is essential for raising awareness and supporting early detection efforts.

Avian influenza annual report 2023.

All European Union (EU) Member States (MSs), along with Iceland, Norway, Switzerland and the United Kingdom (Northern Ireland), conduct surveillance for avian influenza (AI) in poultry and wild birds. EFSA, upon mandate of the European Commission, compiles and analyses this data in an annual report. This summary highlights findings from the 2023 surveillance activities. In 2023, 31 reporting countries (RCs) visited 21,183 poultry establishments (PEs). Of these, 18,557 underwent serological investigations, 2460 underwent virological investigations and 166 underwent both. Among the 18,723 PEs sampled for serological testing, 29 PEs (0.15%) were seropositive for influenza A(H5/H7) viruses, more in detail: 27 PEs tested positive for A(H5), 1 tested positive for A(H7) and 1 tested positive for both strains. These were found in eight RCs (Bulgaria, Poland, Germany, Spain, Sweden, Norway, Iceland and Finland). Of the 2626 PEs sampled for virological testing, 180 PEs (6.85%) were positive for influenza A(H5/H7) viruses. More precisely, 178 tested positive for A(H5), of which 161 positive for HPAI (H5N1) and 2 tested positive for A(H7). Positive PEs were reported by 12 RCs covering 14 different poultry categories. A total of 51,411 wild birds were sampled, with 6717 (13.07%) testing positive for HPAIVs by PCR from 25 RCs. Subtype A(H5N1) was the main influenza A virus identified (6531; 97%), similar to 2022. Twenty RCs reported 1940 wild birds testing positive for LPAI or AIV of unknown pathogenicity. For these, 1372 (67.5%) were nor A(H5) or A(H7), while 568 (29.3%) tested positive for A(H5). These findings reflect the ongoing efforts in early detection and monitoring of avian influenza to mitigate the risk of outbreaks in poultry populations throughout Europe.

Risk factors of intimate partner violence in women attending a community-based sexual health center: Perceived discrimination as a key factor

Gender-based violence (GBV), specifically intimate partner violence (IPV), is a global problem that predominantly impacts women. This study aimed to investigate IPV among women visiting community sexually transmitted infections’ prevention and testing centers in Athens and Thessaloniki, Greece. A sample of 187 cis and trans women filled out a questionnaire on perceived discrimination, IPV, and involvement in sexualized drug and alcohol use (SDU and SAU). Results revealed that 39.8% of women reported IPV experiences, and those who experienced IPV reported higher levels of perceived discrimination based on gender. Additionally, women reporting IPV experiences were more likely to engage in SDU and SAU. The study highlights the importance of addressing gender inequality, discrimination, and substance use when designing interventions and support services for IPV survivors. Implementing IPV screening and support services in healthcare settings, especially in inclusive community-based centers, could contribute to early detection and prevention efforts.

Pemeriksaan Kesehatan dan Peningkatan Pengetahuan Deteksi Dini Kanker Payudara pada Wanita Usia Subur Pekerja Kantor

Women's reproductive health is a healthy state both physically, mentally, and socially. One of the reproductive health problems experienced by many women in Indonesia is breast cancer. Breast cancer is a cause of death for women with a relatively high incidence rate in Indonesia when compared to other cancer cases. As many as 70% of breast cancer cases are only detected when they have reached an advanced stage, making treatment difficult. This community service activity aims to provide education regarding early detection efforts through breast self-examination (SADARI) and health checks which are risk factors for breast cancer. This activity uses the service learning (SL) method which is integrated into a research program regarding the analysis of reproductive health problems for women of childbearing age (WUS) in the workplace. This activity was carried out at the Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB) Jatinangor campus, which was attended by 5 female education staff. The results of the health examination showed that all participants had a normal body mass index (BMI) ranging from 21.2 to 24.4. The results of the vital signs examination showed that 1 participant had hypertension, 1 person had hypotension and 3 others were within normal limits. All participants can practice the awareness steps properly and correctly. Based on participants' suggestions and input, it is necessary to carry out regular reproductive health education activities with various topics so that women's reproductive health can be monitored well, especially for working women who spend most of their time at work.

Preventive Examinations for Early Detection of Oral Cancer Conducted among Alcohol Addicts

Aim: This study evaluated oral cancer (OC) awareness, risk factors, preventive measures, and early detection in high-risk populations. Materials and methods: Participants included an experimental group (EG) of patients treated for alcohol-related mental disorders at University Hospital Center Sestre milosrdnice (June 2022-March 2023) and a control group (CG) screened during the Oral, Head and Neck Cancer Awareness Week (April 2023) at the University of Zagreb’s School of Dental Medicine. Both groups were surveyed to evaluate their understanding of OC, their opinions, smoking and alcohol consumption habits. Results: In a study of 282 participants, 68.1 % were in the EG and 31.9 % in the CG, with a gender distribution of 34.4 % female and 65.2 % male, and a median age of 52. Smoking was more prevalent in the EG (72.5 %) than in the CG (24.4 %). The EG also had significantly lower education levels (p < 0.009). Awareness of OC was high in both groups (73.2 % EG, 85.4 % CG), but only a small fraction had previously attended screening examinations (SE) (6.9 % EG, 18.7 % CG). A large majority believed that alcohol and smoking together increased OC risk (95.7 % EG, 98.7 % CG), and many expressed interest in learning more about OC (83.2 % EG, 75.3 % CG). Higher education was linked to more frequent SE attendance (p = 0.041) and lower smoking rates (p = 0.042). Conclusion: The study highlights the need for enhanced OC education and screening, especially among high-risk groups, to improve prevention and early detection efforts.

Pre-autism: Advancing early identification and intervention in autism.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is often diagnosed long after symptoms have become noticeable. This delay can make it difficult to provide early intervention, which can impact long-term outcomes. The concept of "pre-autism" highlights the phase before a formal diagnosis of ASD, providing an opportunity for earlier identification and intervention, which could be a turning point in ASD management. In a previous article, we explored different ways of diagnosing pre-autism, including historical records, physical markers, laboratory tests, and radiological evidence. This manuscript builds on that foundation by emphasizing the importance of early diagnosis and intervention in ASD. Recent research advancements have clarified that ASD presentations can be complex, and individualized support strategies are necessary. The significance of pre-autism lies in its potential to alter the trajectory of ASD through early detection and intervention despite challenges such as limited awareness and variability in symptom presentation. Biomarkers and diagnostic tools have shown promise as avenues for early detection, but it is essential to exercise caution and not rely too heavily on yet-to-be-established markers. Addressing these challenges requires a collaborative effort to increase awareness, improve access to diagnostic tools, and foster inclusive environments. Ultimately, this manuscript calls for ongoing research, advocacy, and resource allocation to enhance early detection and intervention efforts, ensuring optimal outcomes for individuals on the autism spectrum.

Early Detection of Basal Cell Carcinoma of Skin From Medical History.

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common form of skin cancer, originating from basal cells in the skin's outer layer. It frequently arises from prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or tanning beds. Although BCC rarely metastasizes, it can cause significant local tissue damage if left untreated. Early detection is essential to prevent extensive damage and potential disfigurement. The United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) currently remains uncertain about the benefits and potential harms of routine skin cancer screenings in asymptomatic individuals. This paper evaluates the accuracy of predicting BCC using patients' medical histories to address this uncertainty and support early detection efforts. We analyzed the medical histories of 405,608 patients, including 7733 with BCC. We categorized 25,154 diagnoses into 16 body systems based on the hierarchy in the Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine (SNOMED) ontology. For each body system, we identified the most severe condition present. Logistic Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression was then employed to predict BCC, using demographic information, body systems, and pairwise and triple combinations of body systems, as well as missing value indicators. The dataset was split into 90% for training and 10% for validation. Model performance was evaluated using McFadden's R2, Percentage Deviance Explained (PDE), and cross-validated with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Diagnoses related to the Integument system showed an 8-fold higher likelihood of being associated with BCC compared to diagnoses related to other systems. Older (age from 60 to 69) white individuals were more likely to receive a BCC diagnosis. After training the model, it achieved a McFadden's R2 of 0.286, an AUC of 0.912, and a PDE of 28.390%, reflecting a high level of explained variance and prediction accuracy. This study underscores the potential of LASSO Regression models to enhance early identification of BCC. Extant medical history of patients, available in electronic health records, can accurately predict the risk of BCC. Integrating such predictive models into clinical practice could significantly improve early detection and intervention.

Effectiveness of canine‐assisted surveillance and human searches for early detection of invasive spotted lanternfly

AbstractPrevention and early detection of invasive species are championed as the most cost‐effective and efficient strategies for reducing or preventing negative impacts on ecosystems. Spotted lanternfly (SLF), Lycorma delicatula, is a recently introduced invasive insect whose range in the United States has been expanding rapidly since it was first discovered in Pennsylvania in 2014. Feeding by this planthopper can cause severe impacts on agricultural production, particularly grapes (Vitis spp.). Human visual surveys are the most common search method employed for detection but can be ineffective due to the insect's cryptic egg masses and low density during early stages of infestation. Therefore, finding alternative early detection methods has become a priority for agencies tasked with addressing SLF management. This study experimentally tested whether trained detector dogs could improve the probability of detecting SLF in both agricultural and forest settings. We surveyed transects in 20 vineyards and their adjacent wooded areas in Pennsylvania and New Jersey, USA, and used a multiscale occupancy model to estimate detection probability achieved by human observers and detection dogs as a function of SLF infestation level, weather, and habitat covariates. We modeled transect‐level occupancy of SLF as a function of infestation level, habitat type, topographic position index, and distance to forests. Occupancy probability of SLF was higher on vines within vineyards than in forests, and occupancy declined with increasing distance from forests, which is informative for future search efforts. Detection probability of SLF was lower at forested sites but was higher at high infestation sites. Detection dogs had a lower detection probability than humans in the vineyards, but the detection probability of dogs was >3× greater than that of humans in forested sites. Our study suggests that detection dogs are more effective than human visual searches as an early detection method for SLF in forested areas, and utilizing detector dogs could strengthen SLF early detection efforts. This study demonstrates the potential applicability of using canine‐assisted search strategies combined with occupancy models to enhance the surveillance and prevention of other difficult‐to‐detect invasive species.

Factors that influence the use of voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) clinics by people living with HIV/AIDS in MSM group

Introduction: The VCT Clinic service program is one of the early detection efforts to find out whether someone has been infected with HIV or not through Voluntary Counseling and Testing (VCT). Risky sexual behavior with HIV/AIDS is the MSM group. This study aimed to determine the factors that influence the utilization of VCT services in the MSM group. Research Methodology: This study is a type of quantitative research with an approach using a cross-sectional study design. The population in this study were all HIV/AIDS sufferers who were undergoing ARV treatment at the Kendari City Hospital in 2023, totaling 349 people. Data were analyzed using SPSS to determine the frequency distribution and the chi-square statistical test to determine the variables' relationship. Result: The results showed a relationship between knowledge and the utilization of VCT clinics by the MSM group with a closeness level of 0.517, which indicated a moderate closeness of the relationship. There was a relationship between actions and the utilization of VCT clinics by the MSM group with a closeness level of 0.343, which indicated a weak closeness of the relationship. There is a relationship between family support and the use of VCT clinics by the MSM group, with a closeness level of 0.262, indicating a weak closeness of the relationship. There is a relationship between social support and the use of VCT clinics by the MSM group, with a closeness level of 0.300, indicating a weak closeness of the relationship. Conclusion: The analysis results show a significance value of <0.05, meaning there is a relationship between knowledge, attitudes, actions, social support, and family support with the use of VCT clinic services. Suggestions: It is hoped that the Kendari City Health Office will make policies in carrying out HIV/AIDS prevention activities, especially for the MSM group, by maximizing socialization about HIV/AIDS in hotspots where the group carries out activities. In addition, it is coordinating with the Education Office to provide education and socialization to students and the community to limit and avoid factors that cause risky sexual behavior.

Advancing dermoscopy through a synthetic hair benchmark dataset and deep learning-based hair removal.

Early detection of melanoma is crucial for improving patient outcomes, and dermoscopy is a critical tool for this purpose. However, hair presence in dermoscopic images can obscure important features, complicating the diagnostic process. Enhancing image clarity by removing hair without compromising lesion integrity can significantly aid dermatologists in accurate melanoma detection. We aim to develop a novel synthetic hair dermoscopic image dataset and a deep learning model specifically designed for hair removal in melanoma dermoscopy images. To address the challenge of hair in dermoscopic images, we created a comprehensive synthetic hair dataset that simulates various hair types and dimensions over melanoma lesions. We then designed a convolutional neural network (CNN)-based model that focuses on effective hair removal while preserving the integrity of the melanoma lesions. The CNN-based model demonstrated significant improvements in the clarity and diagnostic utility of dermoscopic images. The enhanced images provided by our model offer a valuable tool for the dermatological community, aiding in more accurate and efficient melanoma detection. The introduction of our synthetic hair dermoscopic image dataset and CNN-based model represents a significant advancement in medical image analysis for melanoma detection. By effectively removing hair from dermoscopic images while preserving lesion details, our approach enhances diagnostic accuracy and supports early melanoma detection efforts.

Detection of non-communicable diseases among adolescents as an effort to enhance community participation

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are a global health threat, causing high morbidity and mortality rates worldwide, including in Indonesia. The Special Region of Yogyakarta ranks second nationally in the prevalence of NCDs. One of the preventive and control measures for NCDs is through Integrated NCD Posts (Posbindu PTM), targeting individuals aged 15 to 49 years. Recognizing the importance of involving adolescents in NCD prevention and control, this community service program aims to provide education and training for adolescents on NCDs and risk factor detection. The activities were conducted using lecture and roleplay methods, involving 12 adolescents as active participants. Participants were given an understanding of the functions and importance of Posbindu PTM, as well as strategies for preventing and controlling NCDs. During the training, participants took turns practicing as Posbindu PTM cadres, performing duties according to procedures at stations one through five. Evaluation results indicated a significant increase in participants' knowledge, with the average score improving from 71.6 to 87.5. It is expected that adolescents' involvement in this program can strengthen early detection and control efforts for NCD risk factors.

Assess the Knowledge on Breast Self Examination among 3rd Year B.Sc Nursing Students

Breast Self-Examination (BSE) is a critical, non-invasive method for early detection of breast abnormalities and plays a vital role in breast cancer awareness. This study aims to assess the knowledge and awareness of Breast Self Examination among third-year B.Sc nursing students. As future healthcare providers, nursing students are in a strategic position to promote BSE education and practices among the general public. The study utilizes a structured questionnaire covering essential aspects of BSE, including its importance, recommended techniques, and frequency. By evaluating the students understanding of BSE, and aims to identify knowledge gaps. Descriptive approach was used to collect the data from 30 subjects selected by convenient sampling technique through non probability sampling approach consisting 2 sections. The results of the study shows that the majority of respondents had adequate knowledge on breast self-examination and How-ever, continuous reinforcement of this knowledge through practical sessions and ongoing education can further enhance their proficiency. This above-average knowledge places them in a strong position to educate and for BSE awareness, contributing to early detection efforts and improved breast health outcomes. overall mean percentage of knowledge score is 10%.

The anomalous effect of COVID-19 pandemic restrictions on the duration of untreated psychosis.

We investigated the impact of COVID-19 restrictions on the duration of untreated psychosis (DUP). First-episode psychosis admissions (n = 101) to the STEP Clinic in Connecticut showed DUP reduction (P = 0.0015) during the pandemic, with the median reducing from 208 days pre-pandemic to 56 days in the early pandemic period, and subsequently increasing to 154 days (P = 0.0281). Time from psychosis onset to antipsychotic prescription decreased significantly in the pandemic (P = 0.0183), with the median falling from 117 to 35 days. This cohort study demonstrates an association between greater pandemic restrictions and marked DUP reduction, and provides insights for future early detection efforts.

Intraoperative Molecular Imaging With Pafolacianine: Histologic Characteristics of Identified Nodules

BackgroundWith increased early detection efforts, surgery for early-stage lung cancer is expected to rise. Pafolacianine is the first FDA approved targeted optical imaging agent indicated as an adjunct for intraoperative identification of malignant and nonmalignant pulmonary lesions in adult patients with known or suspected cancer in the lung. MethodsThis is a retrospective review of the malignant and nonmalignant lesions identified by pafolacianine with intraoperative molecular imaging (IMI) in the multi-center Phase 2 and Phase 3 ELUCIDATE clinical trials. All lesions meeting the intent to treat criteria from the combined studies were included. Histopathology for malignant and nonmalignant lesions and immunohistochemistry (ICH) for folate receptor alpha (FRα) and folate receptor beta (FRβ), which pafolacianine binds to, were assessed. ResultsA total of 273 lesions resected from 191 patients were analyzed. The identification of primary and occult malignant lesions with pafolacianine in combination with standard practice was improved (P < .001) when compared to standard practice alone. A range of histologies were demonstrated including adenocarcinoma (primary and metastatic), squamous cell carcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, chordoma, lymphoma, and papillary thyroid cancer. 92% (205 of 223) of lesions tested for folate expression were positive for FRα or FRβ expression. ConclusionsWhile initially intended to identify adenocarcinoma, IMI with pafolacianine targets a broad histological cross-section of malignant and nonmalignant primary and metastatic of lung. As real-world use expands, additional insight will continue to inform utility of pafolacianine in clinical practice and may broaden clinical applicability.

Enhanced Skin Lesion Segmentation and Classification Through Ensemble Models

This study addresses challenges in skin cancer detection, particularly issues like class imbalance and the varied appearance of lesions, which complicate segmentation and classification tasks. The research employs deep learning ensemble models for both segmentation (using U-Net, SegNet, and DeepLabV3) and classification (using VGG16, ResNet-50, and Inception-V3). The ISIC dataset is balanced through oversampling in classification, and preprocessing techniques such as data augmentation and post-processing are applied in segmentation to increase robustness. The ensemble model outperformed individual models, achieving a Dice Coefficient of 0.93, an IoU of 0.90, and an accuracy of 0.95 for segmentation, with 90% accuracy on the original dataset and 99% on the balanced dataset for classification. The use of ensemble models and balanced datasets proved highly effective in improving the accuracy and reliability of automated skin lesion analysis, supporting dermatologists in early detection efforts.

Mapping the Temporal Landscape of Breast Cancer Using Epigenetic Entropy.

Although generally unknown, the age of a newly diagnosed tumor encodes valuable etiologic and prognostic information. Here, we estimate the age of breast cancers, defined as the time from the start of growth to detection, using a measure of epigenetic entropy derived from genome-wide methylation arrays. Based on an ensemble of neutrally fluctuating CpG (fCpG) sites, this stochastic epigenetic clock differs from conventional clocks that measure age-related increases in methylation. We show that younger tumors exhibit hallmarks of aggressiveness, such as increased proliferation and genomic instability, whereas older tumors are characterized by elevated immune infiltration, indicative of enhanced immune surveillance. These findings suggest that the clock captures a tumor's effective growth rate resulting from the evolutionary-ecological competition between intrinsic growth potential and external systemic pressures. Because of the clock's ability to delineate old and stable from young and aggressive tumors, it has potential applications in risk stratification of early-stage breast cancers and guiding early detection efforts.

Silent Diabetes: Key Risk Factors Among the Low-Income Population of Langkawi Island, Kedah, Malaysia (2022-2023).

Diabetes mellitus (DM) poses a growing global health challenge, contributing to significant morbidity, mortality, and economic burden. In Malaysia, the prevalence of diabetes is increasing, especially among low-income populations with limited access to healthcare. Many cases remain undiagnosed, increasing the risk of severe complications and further straining healthcare resources. Island populations, such as those in Langkawi, are particularly vulnerable due to geographical isolation, socioeconomic constraints, and inadequate healthcare services. To determine the prevalence of undiagnosed DM and identify the associated risk factors among the low-income population on Langkawi Island, Kedah, Malaysia. We conducted a cross-sectional study from January 2022 to December 2023, involving 1,070 participants aged 40 years and above, all eligible under the low-income scheme. Data on sociodemographic characteristics, body mass index (BMI), lifestyle, and medical history were collected through a structured proforma from four local health clinics. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify significant predictors of undiagnosed DM. The model's predictive accuracy was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The prevalence of undiagnosed DM among the low-income population on Langkawi Island was 6.7%. Multiple logistic regression found three important predictors: having a higher BMI (overweight: adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 2.72; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.40-5.30; p = 0.003; obese: AOR: 2.43; 95% CI: 1.19-5.00; p = 0.015); living on a smaller island (AOR: 1.71; 95% CI: 1.03-2.85; p = 0.039); and having a medical history (AOR: 0.21; 95% CI: 0.12-0.36; p < 0.001). The model demonstrated good predictive accuracy with an area under the ROC curve of 0.758 and correctly classified 93.3% of cases. This study reveals a significant burden of undiagnosed DM within Langkawi's low-income population, especially among individuals with higher BMI and those residing in geographically isolated areas. The findings highlight the urgent need for enhanced, context-specific screening programsand early detection efforts tailored to this vulnerable population. Effective public health strategies should prioritize regular health check-ups, obesity management, and improved access to healthcare services in isolated communities to reduce the prevalence and complications associated with undiagnosed diabetes.

DETEKSI TEKANAN DARAH DAN STATUS GIZI, SERTA SOSIALISASI APLIKASI KALKULATOR IMT UNTUK PENCEGAHAN PTM

Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) have a very high prevalence and most do not know they are affected by NCDs. Early detection efforts are needed to identify NCDs that may occur in adolescents. Teenagers are the next generation towards a Golden Indonesia, therefore health education efforts are needed to prevent PTM. The activity aims to detect the presence of PTM and socialize the BMI calculator application. Community service partners are students who attended Edufair at Gor Ken Arok. The methods used are measuring blood pressure, weight and height, and personal health education through leaflets and a BMI calculator application. The results of blood pressure measurements show that the majority of teenagers have normal blood pressure, but there are still teenagers who are hypotensive or hypertensive. The nutritional status of adolescents measured was mostly normal, but they were still found to be undernourished, overweight and obese. Obesity is still quite high at around 12.5%, so education is needed to maintain ideal body weight. Education is carried out by socializing the use of the BMI calculator application, so that teenagers are motivated to maintain an ideal body weight. In conclusion, detecting blood pressure and nutritional status provides knowledge to teenagers, so they are more aware of their health conditions. The hope is that teenagers will always carry out healthy living behavior to prevent PTM.

Cross-sectional study of assessment of lung cancer (LC) screening awareness in an underserved community in the Bronx, New York.

155 Background: LC remains the second most diagnosed cancer but is the leading cause of cancer death in the USA, accounting for 21% of all cancer deaths. Despite advances in screening and treatment, it remains the principal cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Notably, survival rates have improved from 21% to 25% over the past 5 years. However, LC screening with low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) is underutilized, with only 5.8% of eligible individuals screened in 2021. Methods: A prospective 29-question survey was conducted at St. Barnabas Health Care System in the Bronx, NY, from February to April 2024. The survey included patients aged 50-80, both former and active smokers. Data on demographics, social determinants, and knowledge of LC and LDCT screening were collected and processed using JASP Version 0.18.3. The study aimed to assess the community's knowledge of lung cancer screening, with demographic characteristics as secondary outcomes. Results: From all the surveys collected, 115 met the inclusion criteria, 53% male (61) and 47% female (54), with no significant difference between proportions (p=0.576). The median age was 63 years. Race: 73% were Hispanic, 22% Black, and 5% White, with significant differences from an equal distribution (p&lt; 0.001). Legal Status, citizens (74%), followed by green card holders (17%). Most of the patients lived in the USA for over 20 years (90%), with very few having lived for less than five years (1%), indicating a long-term residency trend (p &lt; 0.001). Education Level: high school education was the most common (58%), followed by middle school (17%) and elementary school (15%). Doctorate and graduate degrees were less common (7%). 91% of patients were aware of the relationship between cigarette smoking and LC, while 9% did not (p&lt;0.001). On the other hand, 66% believed there was a relationship between e-cigarette use and LC, while 44% believed there was not. Patients with an income greater than $50,000 have significantly more knowledge of the screening tool for LC (STLC), as indicated by a Chi-square value of 50.87 (p &lt; 0.05, with a critical value of 5.99). Patients with low education levels have less knowledge of the existing STLC, with a Chi-square of 143.587 (p&lt;0.05 and a critical value of 9.488). Conclusions: Our study highlights critical disparities in LC awareness and knowledge of screening tools among different demographic groups. There is a clear need for targeted educational initiatives, especially for lower-income and less-educated populations, to improve understanding of LC risks associated with both traditional and electronic cigarette use. The significant presence of long-term Hispanic residents suggests that culturally tailored interventions could be particularly effective. Addressing these gaps is essential for enhancing lung cancer prevention and early detection efforts across diverse communities.