Early Career Research Articles

ChatGPT is likely reducing opportunity for support, friendship and learned kindness in research

Abstract Large language models (LLM) have proved to be highly popular since the release of ChatGPT, leading many researchers to explore their potential across multiple fields of scientific research. In a recent Perspective, Cooper et al. (2024) highlight a set of benefits and challenges for the use of LLMs in ecology, emphasising their value to coding in research and education. While we agree that the ability of LLMs to assist in the coding process is remarkable, researchers should be conscious that this capability is likely changing the lived experience of primarily computational researchers, especially early career ecologists between Masters and Postdoctoral career stages. In particular, since the release of ChatGPT, the authors of this paper have noticed a marked reduction in the frequency of social interactions emergent from coding and statistics queries. These questions are highly likely still being asked, but now often exclusively to a LLM. Further research is needed to fully understand the effect of LLMs on the lived‐experience of researchers and students. For primarily computational researchers, ChatGPT is likely reducing emergent opportunity for support, friendship and learned kindness. Group leaders should recognise this and foster deliberate within‐group communication and collaboration.

Conference Report: Challenging Construction Grammar: New Insights from Morphology (8–12 April 2024; Monte Verità, Switzerland)

As reflected in its title, this workshop, which took place from the eighth to the twelfth of April 2024 at Monte Verità, Ascona, Switzerland, focused on constructional perspectives in their application to morphology (Hoffmann & Trousdale 2013). As Construction Grammar has become an important theoretical framework within linguistics, it has been applied in morphological studies from both synchronic (e.g., Booij 2010; Jackendoff & Audring 2020) and diachronic perspectives (Hartmann 2019; Van Goethem & Norde 2020). Nevertheless, Construction Morphology is a comparatively young branch of Construction Grammar that poses many open questions and challenges. The questions that were asked within this workshop relate to the connection between morphology and Construction Grammar as a framework, the handling of phenomena situated at the interface of morphology and syntax, and how phenomena that are specific for the scope of morphology can be captured from a constructional point of view. To address this issue, young and early career researchers were invited to present their current work. These contributions were complemented by the contributions of the invited plenary speakers Muriel Norde (Humboldt University of Berlin), Francesca Masini (University of Bologna), Livio Gaeta (University of Turin), Kristel Van Goethem (University of Louvain) and Steffen Höder (University of Kiel). The workshop was organised by Elena Smirnova (University of Neuchâtel), Martin Hilpert (University of Neuchâtel) and Jenny Audring (University of Leiden), and made possible with the generous support of SCF (Congressi Stefano Franscini, https://csf.ethz.ch), the SNF (Swiss National Science Foundation, Programm Scientific Exchanges, Grant Nr IZSEZ0_221843) and the FLSH (Faculty of Arts and Humanities) of the University of Neuchâtel.

PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PEDAGOGICAL ASPECTS OF EARLY CAREER GUIDANCE FOR PRESCHOOLERS

This article discusses the psychological and pedagogical aspects of early career guidance in preschool age. The psychology of children in the adult group is always eager to be united, curious, andquickly adapts to a developing environment. It is a condition for a child to work from an early age, taking into account the peculiarities of his age before conducting career guidance work. In particular, it is necessary to take individual steps, taking into account the psychological state of the child. In kindergarten, children are familiar with the development and development of a professional. This simple education helps children expand their understanding of their work, fathers and grandfathers, as well as better understand the workplace of their fathers and grandchildren as they work in their work. Currently, career guidance is an important direction in the work of educational institutions. The established system of professional work helps to form a long-term approach to Labor results, as well as in creating a diverse presentation of World Labor and professionals, which includes the importance of professional work for the life and development of society.. Developed technologies are the basis of all preschool education. Child knows about professionals, in no case do not need to play! The game is a special, memorable form of overcoming it in real (or highly effective) activities for the purpose of improvement, creation, activity, inconsistency, self-realization.

BFORAMS@MIKROTAX: AN ONLINE DATABASE FOR DEEP-SEA BENTHIC FORAMINIFERAL TAXONOMY

ABSTRACT The bforams@mikrotax database focuses on deep-sea foraminifera from the Cretaceous through Cenozoic, providing a comprehensive, universally accessible taxonomic resource. Based on nannotax and pforams@mikrotax, this database provides an easy-to-use website for experts, researchers, and early career scientists, promoting stability in identifications and nomenclature. By providing detailed descriptions, images, citations, and expert opinions, bforams@mikrotax is becoming a crucial tool for paleoenvironmental, paleoceanographic, paleoclimatic, biostratigraphic, paleobiological studies, and foraminiferal geochemical analyses. The “Main Catalog” provides monographic coverage of 1,600 key taxa, including lists of junior synonyms, updated primary and secondary type images, morphological descriptions, paleobathymetry, and graphical stratigraphic range bars. The “Original Description Catalog” includes information from the original species designations, type specimen repository and locality information, and images of the primary type specimens. The bforams@mikrotax database will provide an invaluable research, reference, and teaching tool for students and researchers across all levels of expertise.

Discovery and Underground Mining of Large Deposits: Essential Training to Ensure Copper Supply

Editor’s note: The aim of the Geology and Mining series is to introduce early career professionals and students to various aspects of mineral exploration, development, and mining in order to share the experiences and insight of each author on the myriad of topics involved with the mineral industry and the ways in which geoscientists contribute to each. Abstract A supply shortfall of at least 6 million tonnes (Mt) Cu is expected by 2031—with total demand now forecast to increase from 25 Mt in 2023 to >36 Mt, and possibly to a suggested 50 Mt by 2050—given the present trend in demand. The deficit can be partially filled by increased mine production, expanding currently installed mine production capacity, and increasing Cu recycling. However, satisfying demand in 2050 as the demand-to-mining supply gap increases will require the accelerated discovery of at least five large Cu deposits—individually producing >0.5 to >1.0 Mt/yr Cu—and their related mine development, by 2030. These five deposit discoveries are required to replace mines scheduled to close in the 2050s, given the >20 years needed to take a deposit from discovery to mine production. The two largest sources of Cu supply, porphyry and sediment-hosted Cu deposits, can potentially fill the gap if enough discoveries are made; however, there is no evidence that this is about to occur. Future porphyry Cu discoveries are expected to be mined underground, mostly by a caving method. The demand increase is occurring at a time when the capital intensity of porphyry Cu mine development has almost doubled since 2006. We predict that the only solution to the future Cu demand-supply challenge for society and the mining industry in the short to medium term rests with simple demand-supply economics and a substantially increased Cu price. Copper substitution by other materials and recycling could potentially benefit from a significantly increased price; however, the major advantage will be conferred on deposits amenable to open-pit mining that are undeveloped because of price-dependent, failed feasibility studies. The challenge of possibly doubling Cu supply by ca. 2050 through developing mines on large Cu deposits—both discovered and undiscovered, in an unprecedented number and in a shorter period—will require a major increase in the number of competent mining industry personnel. This comes at a time when the industry faces an aging workforce, leading to a critical skills gap compounded by a chronic shortage of students graduating in the sciences and engineering with mining-related university degrees. There is an acute shortage of experienced professionals in cave mining, and the substantial number of open-pit mining professionals who are predicted to retire by 2030 will need to be replaced. On-the-job training of geoscientists and engineers after graduation, delivered by experienced practitioners through university-accredited professional development programs, is suggested as the solution.

Overeducation under different macroeconomic conditions: How Spanish university graduates fit in the labor market?

This paper analyzes a relevant issue for education and labor policymakers, overeducation in the early careers of university graduates. Using Spanish data, we investigate the role played by the business cycle and field of study and their interaction in shaping both the incidence and persistence of overeducation. We also analyze the relevance of specific types of knowledge and skills as driving factors in reducing overeducation risk. Our data come from the Survey on the Labor Insertion of University Graduates (EILU) conducted by the Spanish National Statistics Institute in 2014 and 2019. The survey collects rich information on cohorts that graduated in 2019 and 2014, during the Great Recession and the subsequent economic recovery, respectively. Our results show, first, the relevance of the economic scenario when graduates enter the labor market. Graduation during a recession increases overeducation risk and persistence. Second, a clear heterogeneous pattern is observed across fields of study, with health sciences graduates displaying better performance in terms of both overeducation incidence and persistence and less impact of the business cycle. Third, we find evidence that some transversal skills can help to reduce overeducation risk in the absence of specific knowledge required for the job, thus indicating some kind of compensatory role. Our findings have important policy implications. Overeducation, and more importantly overeducation persistence, imply a non-neglectable misallocation of resources, with serious consequences not only for the affected individuals but for the society as a whole. Therefore, policymakers need to address this issue in the design of education and labor market policies, seeking to ensure that the competencies acquired at university provide graduates with a better fit in the labor market.

Psychological Safety in Enhancing the Competence of Nurse Educator Among Early Career Nursing Faculty in Japan: A Cross-sectional Study

Psychological Safety in Enhancing the Competence of Nurse Educator Among Early Career Nursing Faculty in Japan: A Cross-sectional Study

Empowering the future of evidence‐based healthcare: The Cochrane Early Career Professionals Network

Empowering the future of evidence‐based healthcare: The Cochrane Early Career Professionals Network

In Honour of Brian MacWhinney: A Personal Account

While this volume and the writings have made it amply clear what significant contributions Professor Brian MacWhinney has made to the field at large, in this afterword, we begin with a senior member of our author team (Ping Li, PL) followed by a mid-career member (Helen Zhao, HZ) and an early career member (Zhe Gao, ZG), to provide our personal accounts of Brian not only as a leading scholar but also as a role model who touches and changes people’s lives.

Highlights from the Respiratory Failure and Mechanical Ventilation Conference 2024.

The Respiratory Intensive Care Assembly of the European Respiratory Society gathered in Berlin to organise the third Respiratory Failure and Mechanical Ventilation Conference in February 2024. The conference covered key points of acute and chronic respiratory failure in adults. During the 3-day conference ventilatory strategies, patient selection, diagnostic approaches, treatment and health-related quality of life topics were addressed by a panel of international experts. In this article, lectures delivered during the event have been summarised by early career members of the Assembly and take-home messages highlighted.

S2152 Understanding of Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare Among Gastroenterology Fellows and Early Career Gastroenterologists

S2152 Understanding of Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare Among Gastroenterology Fellows and Early Career Gastroenterologists

BARRIERS OF PROFESSIONAL IDENTITY FORMATION: THE JUSTIFICATION FOR INCREASED TEACHER ATTRITION RATE

This study delves into the barriers to forming teacher identity in Kazakhstan after a year of study and development. Early career teacher attrition is often seen as a problem related to personal or contextual factors. This research examined attrition as a process involving both individual and contextual elements. Based on semi-structured interviews with 38 school English teachers about their first professional career path, experiences, and expectations, the thematic analysis revealed 15 themes, which were then categorized into four main themes: higher salary expectations, status, lack of pre-teaching training, and bureaucracy. This article offers practical recommendations, including the development of programs for preserving cultural heritage and professional development, to contribute to the successful formation of teacher identity. Overall, this study discusses critical aspects of modern education in Kazakhstan, outlines the main conclusions, and explores prospects for improving the education system and supporting the development of professional identity among teachers, considering the peculiarities of national culture.

Looking to the future: the problematics of determining RE among early career teachers

AbstractThe landscape of RE continues to evolve, in part, due to the academisation programme in England which is disrupting long-standing historical local structures. Following the National Plan by the Commission on RE, as a contribution to the ongoing debates, this study explores the perceptions of early career teachers about the future determination of RE. To examine such views, an online survey gathered quantitative data from PGCE and Year 3 students and a questionnaire gathered qualitative data from two groups in Year 1 of the BA Honours in Primary Education course at a university in the West Midlands, England. The findings are based on 149 survey responses and 52 completed questionnaires. This article reports the results about the membership and duties of Standing Advisory Council on Religious Education (SACRE) and the proposed Local Advisory Network for Religion and Worldviews (LANRW) from the Year 1 groups. The open-ended questionnaire data were analysed by thematic analysis. The results reveal that a small majority of the Year 1 groups were unhappy with the current membership setup of SACREs. However, a larger majority were happy with the current duties of SACREs. More than half of the responses received for the question about the creation of LANRWs agreed with this proposal. All responses received for the question about the representativeness of LANRWs agreed that the five groups proposed would make a LANRWs representative. A majority of the responses received for the question about the proposed roles designated for LANRWs also expressed their satisfaction with the roles. Based on these, further research is recommended.

Labor Unions, Debt, and Financial Advantage in Young Adulthood in the United States

Unionized workers experience significant labor market advantages. Do these advantages transfer to financial markets, including credit and consumer markets? We argue that union coverage facilitates financial advantages in young adulthood by enhancing access to wealth-building credit and avoidance of costly financial coping strategies. We extend a conceptual model of financial advantage based on young adults’ debt holdings to the case of early career union coverage using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth-1997 Cohort. Findings support the importance of labor market institutions in fostering financial advantages and underscore the role of credit and debt for life course inequality processes.

Factors Contributing to Early Career Teachers’ Attrition in the Cape Coast Municipality, Ghana.

Factors Contributing to Early Career Teachers’ Attrition in the Cape Coast Municipality, Ghana.

Terminating bias: How Arnold Schwarzenegger showed us the importance of spelling names correctly

Abstract In his winning entry for our 2024 Statistical Excellence Award for Early Career Writing, Joseph Lam explores data linkage errors and biases and the implication for ethnically minoritised populations

Moral reconciling at career launch: politics, race, and occupational choice

Abstract Recent research suggests that college-educated young adults, especially those who are politically liberal and/or racially marginalized, exhibit moral reservations about their intended occupations. How do they justify entering occupations that conflict with their morals, and with what consequences? This article examines the case of 74 mostly liberal prospective law school students from a range of racial backgrounds followed over 2 years. In interviews at career launch, respondents criticized the legal profession for its perceived perpetuation of inequality and violence. Despite their moral reservations, they articulated three occupational justification narratives for attending law school: lifting up (exceptional lawyering); leveraging out (legal education for nonlawyer aspirations); and leaning in (conscientious class mobility/maintenance). These narratives differentiate between morally ‘good’ and ‘bad’ occupational domains—a cultural-cognitive process we term moral reconciling. We theorize how moral reconciling at career launch charts young adults down different early career trajectories, with implications for occupational sorting and change.

Effective Science Communication — A practical guide to surviving as a scientist

Scientists in academia, particularly early career researchers, are required to master a multitude of practices in a higher education context, often learning on the job by a process of incidental osmosis rather than structured training. For example, success in writing grant proposals, presenting and networking at conferences, journal publication, teaching, engaging with publics ‘beyond the ivory tower’, and demonstrating the ‘impact’ of research are essential skills to master to progress an academic career. Training and support in these areas can often be fragmented and/or dependent on good fortune with respect to suitable mentors.

Mini-Worskhop: Artin Groups meet Triangulated Categories

Artin and Coxeter groups are naturally occurring generalisations of the braid and symmetric groups respectively. However, unlike for Coxeter groups, many basic group theoretic questions remain unanswered for general Artin groups – most notably the K(\pi,1) -conjecture for Artin groups remains open except for certain special families of Artin groups. Recently, Artin groups have also appeared as groups acting on triangulated categories, where the associated spaces of Bridgeland’s stability conditions provide new realisations of the corresponding K(\pi,1) spaces. The aim of the workshop is to bring together experts and early career researchers from two seemingly different areas of research: (i) geometric and combinatorial group theory and topology, and (ii) triangulated categories and stability conditions, to explore their intersection via the K(\pi,1) -conjecture.

Frailty Assessment and Management: A Qualitative Study of the Educational and Training Experiences of Postgraduate Doctors

Abstract Background Understanding and addressing frailty, a complex syndrome commonly found in older adults, demands a deep understanding and proficiency across various health domains. Existing research indicates a disparity between medical education and the hands-on management of frailty in practice. There is a scarcity of research on the educational requirements of postgraduate doctors in caring for frail patients. Methods Qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted with post-internship doctors working in an AMU, using transcripts to analyse themes. The focus was on frailty conceptualisation, educational training, and clinical experience. Results Several themes were noted, particularly the lack of focus and variation on frailty teaching in undergraduate curriculums. This, coupled with limited hands-on experience, an emphasis on acute care over chronic management, inadequate multidisciplinary training, and a need for more structured education on frailty assessment tools, underscores the need for ongoing education and support. Many interviewees shared their experiences of being well-equipped to handle acute medical emergencies, demonstrating the effectiveness of their current medical education. However, they also pointed out that this preparation did not adequately equip them for the ongoing, multidimensional care that frail patients require. Several interviewees stressed the role of continued education and support for healthcare professionals managing frailty, suggesting ongoing professional development opportunities could effectively bridge the gap between initial medical education and the evolving demands of clinical practice. The potential of mentorship from experienced geriatricians adds invaluable guidance for early career doctors. Conclusion This qualitative study underscores a significant gap between medical education and the practical management of frailty. Addressing this gap requires a multifaceted approach that integrates frailty-focused content into undergraduate curricula, provides hands-on experience, fosters multidisciplinary collaboration, and offers ongoing professional development. By enhancing frailty education and training, healthcare systems can improve the quality of care for this vulnerable population, leading to better patient outcomes and more efficient use of resources.