Early Age Group Research Articles

The differences of root morphology and root length between different types of impacted maxillary central incisors: A retrospective cone-beam computed tomography study

The purpose of this trial was to use 3-dimensional data to analyze the differences of root morphology and root length between 3 different types of impacted maxillary central incisors. Cone-beam computed tomography images of 126 patients with impacted maxillary central incisors were included in this retrospective study. On the basis of the angle of the impacted incisor to the palatal plane, we categorized the tooth as labial inversely impacted, labially positioned, or palatal impacted incisor. In each category, the early and late dental age groups were classified according to the method of Nolla. The total root length of both impacted and homonym teeth, length of the nondilacerated part of the root, length of the dilacerated part of the root, the angle between the crown and root, and root direction, were measured in the sagittal-view sections using Dolphin Imaging software (version 11.9; Dolphin Imaging and Management Solutions, Chatsworth, Calif). Compared with the early dental age groups, the length of the dilacerated portion of the root and rate of dilaceration for inverse labial and labially positioned impactions increases, and crown-root angle decreases (P<0.05). The dilacerated part of the root bent labially, and the root morphology shows an obvious L-shaped curve. The length of the nondilacerated part of the root for palatal impactions is greater(P<0.05). The dilacerated part of the root bends palatally, and the root morphology shows a continuous C-shaped curve. Obstruction from the alveolar bone will cause different root morphology. Root morphology of labial impactions shows an obvious L-shaped curve; palatal impactions show a continuous C-shaped curve.

Vitrectomy in Congenital Vitreous Pathologies

Congenital vitreous diseases are the result of embryological development defects of the vitreous. These diseases have a wide spectrum including congenital vitreous disorders and genetically impaired vitreous structure. Also, these diseases are the first diseases that should come to mind in vitreous and retinal pathologies seen in the early age group. In many of them, pars plana vitrectomy has an important role in the treatment. Due to the disease pathophysiology and age of the patients, they differ from the standard pars plana vitrectomy. In this review, congenital vitreous pathologies and the vitrectomy method applied in the treatment of these pathologies will be discussed.

An unexpected diagnosis in early pediatric age group: Fahr syndrome manifested with epileptic seizure

Intracerebral calcifications are one of the essential parameters in the diagnosis of some neurological diseases. Fahr group is a rare pathologic entity presenting with basal ganglion calcifications. Symmetrical basal ganglion calcifications and an etiologic reason (metabolic, hormonal, or infectious) constitute the main picture of Fahr syndrome. This syndrome usually begins at the third and fourth decade and is often with accompanying neuropsychiatric symptoms. We presented the case of a 7 years old child who was admitted to the hospital with an atypical tonic-clonic epileptic seizure. Bilateral basal ganglion calcifications were detected at the level of globus pallidus. Clinical and laboratory findings were compatible with secondary hyperparathyroidism.

Persisting irritability with fever is not always meningitis

Abstract Krabbe disease is a neuro-regressive disorder commonly seen in the infantile age group. The authors report a four-month-old male baby with persisting irritability despite adequately treated for meningitis. The authors wish to highlight the importance of systematic evaluation that leads to the diagnosis of Krabbe disease, which can be challenging in the early infantile age group.

Proportion and Characteristics of Insomnia among Lecturers Continuing Postgraduate Education at the Faculty of Medicine Udayana University

Fatigue and work stress can trigger insomnia. Insomnia is the most common sleep disorder with a prevalence of 10-30% in the world population. One of the professions that are prone to work burnout are lecturers, especially lecturers who are currently pursuing postgraduate education. These lecturers have two roles, namely as educators and college students, so they have a fairly solid task. This study aims to determine the proportion and characteristics of insomnia in lecturers who continue their postgraduate education at the Faculty of Medicine. This research is a descriptive observational study with a cross-sectional approach. The data collection technique was carried out by total sampling by distributing questionnaires to lecturers who continuing postgraduate education at the Faculty of Medicine. This study involved 41 subjects who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Of all subjects, 24.4% had mild insomnia, the rest did not experience insomnia. Mild insomnia is most common in the early adult age group, with more frequent in males than females. Subject have varying stress levels. More obese and do not apply sleep hygiene. All subjects do not smoke, most do not consume coffee and alcohol. In conclusion, the proportion of insomnia among lecturers who continue their postgraduate education at the Faculty of Medicine is 24.4% with mild insomnia category. Mild insomnia is more common in male lecturers in early adulthood with varying levels of stress and most of them are obese and do not apply sleep hygiene. Keywords: [Insomnia, Lecturer, Student, Postgraduate].

Traumatic brain injury of childhood

Traumatic brain injury of childhood

Adolescent pregnancy outcomes at Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Malawi: a cross-sectional study.

This study assessed the pregnancy outcomes amongst adolescents while using women from the early adulthood (20 - 24-year-old) and advanced maternal age (35 years old and above) groups as reference. This was a cross-sectional study, carried out at the Chatinkha maternity (labour) and post-natal wards at QECH, and included all adolescents (10 - 19 years old) and women between 20 - 24 years old (early adulthood) and 35 years old or older (advanced maternal age), presenting in labor, at any gestational age ≥ 28 weeks or with a birth weight of 1000 grams or above. The study found the prevalence of adolescent pregnancy to be 20.4% (N=5035) out of all the deliveries during the recruitment period. Sexually transmitted infections were proportionally higher in the adolescent group, with 12% testing HIV seroreactive and 10% syphilis seroreactive. Neonatal outcomes of birth asphyxia (3.5%), low birth weight (5%), prematurity (4.3%) and early neonatal death (4.3%) were not statistically different from the outcomes of the older age groups. The major causes of maternal morbidity were determined to be a high caesarean section rate of 31.9% and intrapartum diagnosis of urinary tract infection (7.4%), malaria (7.4%) and hypertensive disorders (14.5%). Adolescents are a significant proportion of the pregnant population in Malawi. These adolescents are at increased risk of some pregnancy and peripartum complications when compared to women of older age groups. However, our study determined that these outcomes appear to be more likely related to the peripartum care received and not solely specific to maternal age.

ИЗМЕНЕНИЕ ФАКТОРОВ НЕСПЕЦИФИЧЕСКОЙ ЗАЩИТЫ РОТОВОЙ ПОЛОСТИ У ДЕТЕЙ С ГИНГИВИТОМ НА ФОНЕ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ ЭФИРНЫХ МАСЕЛ И БЕНТОНИТОВОЙ ГЛИНЫ

Introduction. The prevention and treatment of inflammatory periodontal disease in children remains a topical issue in dentistry. This is due to the increasing prevalence of this disease in the early age groups. Remission periods of diseases in children are short. Therefore, treatment and preventive measures of periodontal tissue diseases in this population should be primarily focused on the regulation of nonspecific protection system at the local level. The components of the system are secretory immunoglobulin A, lysozyme and modified albumin. Using means of natural origin as regulators will allow to optimize treatment regimens and reduce allergic reactions. Aim. The aim of the study was to study the effectiveness of the complex for applications to the gingiva, consisting of means of natural and mineral origin of the Crimean deposit, in the regulation of local oral immunity in children with chronic catarrhal gingivitis. Material and methods. Twenty-eight children aged 11–12 years with moderate chronic catarrhal gingivitis were examined. The control group consisted of 12 healthy children of the same age. We used applications of phytopreparations on the gingiva in the treatment of chronic catarrhal gingivitis daily for 20 minutes, No 10. Complex for applications was essential oils of peppermint, pine, fennel, eucalyptus (1:1:1:1) on the basis of bentonite clay (10:1). Clinical and laboratory parameters were determined in the dynamics. Statistical processing was performed using the standard method of variation statistics. Comparison of the mean indices was conducted using Student’s t-criterion. Differences were considered reliable at p&lt;0,05. Results and discussion. The criterion for the effectiveness of treatment was the positive dynamics of paraclinical indices (p&lt;0,001). Indicators of oral dysbiosis decreased and reached values of oral microbiocenosis of healthy children. The content of sIgA increased 1,8 times (p&lt;0,001). The level of salivary lysozyme activity increased 1,7 times (p&lt;0,001) and reached normal values. The concentration of modified albumin decreased 1,6-fold. Conclusion. Inclusion of applications of the combination of essential oils based on bentonite clay of the Crimean deposit into the plan of treatment of chronic catarrhal gingivitis in children contributes to a pronounced relief of the signs of inflammation in the gingiva. The proposed complex has a pathogenetic orientation in the treatment of chronic catarrhal gingivitis, which is confirmed by the pronounced dynamics of nonspecific immunity parameters.

Comparative study utilizing different post-breeding treatment regimens in cyclic Arabian mares.

Background and Aim:Post-breeding treatment is the most common practice in the reproductive management of mares. Oxytocin, uterine lavage, and intrauterine (I/U) antibiotic are usually used as prophylactic therapy. This study aimed to determine the most efficient prophylactic treatment regimen among six treatment protocols applied during natural breeding of cyclic Arabian mares.Materials and Methods:The current study was conducted on cyclic Arabian mares that were subdivided into three age categories (n=968): Category I (5-10 years, n=380), Category II (11-15 years, n=361), and Category III (≥16 years, n=227). Six prophylactic treatments were applied after 4 h of breeding. According to the treatment regimen, treated mares (n=483) were divided into six treatment groups: A (n=80), treated with I/U antibiotic (1 g gentamicin); B (n=81), I/U lavage (normal saline 500 mL); C (n=83), intramuscular (I/M) oxytocin (10 IU); D (n=82), I/U antibiotic and I/M oxytocin; E (n=78), I/U lavage and I/M oxytocin; and F (n=79), I/U lavage with I/U antibiotic and I/M oxytocin. Non-treated mares were classified as controls (n=485). Ultrasonography was performed to monitor pregnant mares 30 and 60 days after mating, and mares were followed until foaling.Results:Pregnancy and foaling results reveals that in age Category I, treatment with oxytocin alone or oxytocin with I/U lavage showed the highest pregnancy and foaling rates (p<0.01). In age Category II, the highest pregnancy and foaling rates were observed in lavage treatment (p<0.01), whereas, in age Category III, the good pregnancy and foaling rates were monitored in treatment with oxytocin and I/U lavage (p<0.01).Conclusion:Treatment with systemic I/M oxytocin is ideal in early age group mares (5-10 years of age). However, irrespective of the age categories, all mares exhibited high pregnancy and foaling rates after treatment with systemic I/M oxytocin and I/U lavage with normal saline (0.9%) 4 h post-breeding.

The Ratio of Indigenous to Immigrant Populations in the Western Steppe During the Bronze Age (Based on Cranial Data)

Measurements of ~730 male crania from cemeteries associated with Bronze Age cultures of the steppe and foreststeppe zone of Eastern Europe (Yamnaya, Catacomb, Poltavka, Babino, Lola, and Timber-Grave) were subjected to multivariate analyses. D2 distances between sample centroids were calculated, and non-metric multidimensional scaling was carried out. The results are used to evaluate the proportion of indigenous and immigrant groups during four successive periods—Early Bronze Age, Middle Bronze Age, Middle to Late Bronze Age transition, and Late Bronze Age. The differences between Yamnaya populations are comparable to those between recent groups inhabiting vast territories of Eastern Europe, from Karelia to the Northern Caucasus. The ro le of the substrate component in the origin of Early and Middle Bronze Age groups was considerable. However, virtually no continuity was observed at the Middle to Late Bronze Age transition, when post-Catacomb cultures originated. Continuity with Middle Bronze Age groups is observed in Late Bronze Age samples representing the Timber-Grave people, who combined features of the Catacomb and post-Catacomb people. Factors accounting for such a process may include “pendulum migrations” and temporary reversal of funerary tradition from kurgans to “invisible” fl at burials.

Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus among Korean Children, Adolescents, and Adults Younger than 30 Years: Changes from 2002 to 2016.

BackgroundDespite the importance of and social concern regarding prevention of diabetes at younger ages, limited data are available. This study sought to analyze changes in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Koreans younger than 30 years according to sex, age, and level of income.MethodsThe dataset analyzed in this study was derived from health insurance claims recorded in the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) database. Participants’ level of income was categorized as low (quintile 1, <20% of insurance premium) or others (quintile 2–5).ResultsIn males and females, the prevalence of T2DM per 10,000 people steadily increased from 2.57 in 2002 to 11.41 in 2016, and from 1.96 in 2002 to 8.63 in 2016. The prevalence of T2DM in girls was higher in the age group of 5 to 14 years. Even though the prevalence was higher among those older than 20 years, the increase had started earlier, in the early 2000s, in younger age group. Adolescents aged 10 to 19 years in low-income families showed a remarkable increase in prevalence of T2DM, especially in boys.ConclusionThe prevalence of T2DM in young Koreans increased more than 4.4-fold from 2002 to 2016, and the increase started in the early 2000s in younger age groups and in low-income families. This is the first study to examine the trend in prevalence of T2DM in children, adolescents, and young adults in Korea. Future studies and collaborations with social support systems to prevent T2DM at an early age group should be performed.

English

BACKGROUND Most common osseous destructive lesions effecting the jawbone are odontogenic cystic lesions, which are lined by epithelium, has been involved in the formation of teeth as the epithelial cell rest are present in jawbone after teeth formation. The three most common odontogenic cysts (OCs) are radicular cyst (RC), dentigerous cyst (DC) and the odontogenic keratocyst (OKC). Less common variety is the residual cyst. Odontogenic cysts are mainly developmental and inflammatory in origin. The objective of the present study was to find clinico-radiographic characteristics of odontogenic cysts in the mandible. METHODS This was a case series (descriptive) study on OCs of mandible conducted at Tripura Medical College and Dr BRAM Teaching Hospital, Hapania, Agartala, Tripura (W), India, over a period of 6 months from August 2019 to January 2020. Subjects showing clinico-radiographic features of OCs in mandible were included, subsequently confirmed by histopathological examinations. Usually orthopantomograms (OPGs) and intra oral peri apical radiograph (IOPAs) were done for radiological findings, computed tomography (CT) scan was required for examination of the size of lesion. Data were analysed using windows excel. RESULTS Diagnosis of OCs was confirmed in 20 patients, among them, males were (60 %) and female were (40 %). The age range of the patients was 17 - 65 years. Most common type of cyst diagnosed in the study was radicular cyst in 50 % cases followed by dentigerous cysts which were in 30 % cases, odontogenic keratocysts were in 15 % patients and others were 5 %. RCs were represented in higher percentage (50 %). Right side of mandible was the most effected side (60 %) than left side (40 %). Main finding of the study was, in every type of cystic lesions, males were recorded as predominant, and it occurred in early age group. CONCLUSIONS Main finding of the study was radicular cyst which was in higher percentage (50 %) and was being most common with association of carious tooth. KEYWORDS Odontogenic Cysts, Mandible, Finding

Detrital Zircon U‐Pb Age Distribution and Hf Isotopic Constraints From the Terrigenous Sediments of the Song Chay Suture Zone (NE Vietnam) and Their Paleogeographic Implications on the Eastern Paleo‐Tethys Evolution

AbstractThe location of the suture zone between the South China Block (SCB) and the Indochina Block (IB) is disputed. Recently, along the Song Chay (Chay river) belt, a mélange zone was proposed as a potential suture zone of the SCB and IB. However, the provenance and age of the Song Chay mélange is poorly known. In order to better constrain the age and provenance of the elements forming the Song Chay mélange, nine samples of detrital material, and one orthogneiss were subjected to zircon U‐Pb and Hf isotope analysis. Detrital zircons from the silty matrix of the Song Chay mélange record three major Neoproterozoic age clusters at 580–650, 700–800, and 900–1,000 Ma, which correspond well to the substratum of the SCB. Two minor Late and Early Paleozoic age groups at 270–330, and 420–500 Ma, with mainly negative εHf(t) values were also recovered. We consider that the zircons in the matrix of the mélange were mainly derived from the subducting plate, namely the SCB. This interpretation is supported by the occurrence of lensoid sandstone blocks, representing the substratum of the SCB, included into the mélange. The deposition age of the Song Chay mélange is between 310 and 250 Ma. Our results demonstrate that in an ophiolitic mélange, the detrital material does not invariably come from the overriding plate, but at the onset of the collision, the subducting continental plate may also supply the terrigenous material.

The use of story to teach religious education in the early years of primary school: a systematic review of the literature

This systematic quantitative literature review explores the use of story in early childhood religious education to inform the research question “What are the pedagogical benefits of using story in religious education in the early years of primary school?” Searches were conducted across multiple databases and individual journals for publications dated from 1970 to 2019. Literature on the key areas of (1) early childhood, (2) story and (3) religious education were analysed to understand their unique perspectives and ways they overlap and connect, with an emphasis on seeking literature which connected all three areas. The study revealed the areas of religious education, the use of story and the field of early childhood as three distinct areas of research with connection points, and gaps in the literature connecting the pedagogical use of story for religious education in early primary education. The literature identifies the use of story as effectively engaging and connecting children to religious education in a pedagogically appropriate way for the early childhood age group. Further to this, benefits were found not only in faith development and biblical literacy, but also in learning, literacy development, empathy, and engagement with differing worldviews. The Australian context was a focus of the literature review providing insight for religious education in Christian schools which may be applied to other contexts in public schools, or internationally.

Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling and Allometric Scaling in Pediatric Drug Development: Where Do We Draw the Line?

Developing medicines for children is now established in legislation in both the United States and Europe; new drugs require pediatric study or investigation plans as part of their development. Particularly in early age groups, many developmental processes are not reflected by simple scalars such as body weight or body surface area, and even projecting doses based on simple allometric scaling can lead to significant overdoses in certain age groups. Modeling and simulation methodology, including physiologically based modeling, has evolved as part of the drug development toolkit and is being increasingly applied to various aspects of pediatric drug development. Pediatric physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models account for the development of organs and the ontogeny of specific enzymes and transporters that determine the age-related pharmacokinetic profiles. However, when should this approach be used, and when will simpler methods such as allometric scaling suffice in answering specific problems? The aim of this review article is to illustrate the application of allometric scaling and PBPK in pediatric drug development and explore the optimal application of the latter approach with reference to case examples. In reality, allometric scaling included as part of population pharmacokinetic and PBPK approaches are all part of a model-informed drug development toolkit helping with decision making during the process of drug discovery and development; to that end, they should be viewed as complementary.

DENTAL HEALTH PROBLEMS AMONG SANTRI AT ISLAMIC BOARDING SCHOOLS IN MEDAN, NORTH SUMATERA

Dental health remains a public health problem with increased the prevalence of dental problems from 2007 to 2013. The problem is highest in the early adolescent age group. A dental problem occurs due to lack of behavior on the routine toothbrush (2.8%). The purpose of this study was to describe dental problems in Islamic boarding schools in Medan. This study used a cross sectional design in seven Islamic boarding schools in Medan with a total sample of 436 students in the 5.319 total population. System random sampling was applied in this study and the questionnaire was distributed to sample. The data analysis used was descriptive frequency. The results showed that the behavior of brushing teeth based on age group was highest in the early adolescent group in the category of brushing teeth in the morning (78%) and afternoon (92%). Based on gender, both men and women showed the highest tooth brushing behavior in the morning (37.8%; 40.4%) and afternoon (45.9%; 46.6%). Dental health problems by age group were included in the category of healthy teeth (49.1%). Based on gender also showed dental problems for both men and women (25.9%; 24.1%) in the category of healthy teeth. Dental health among female students is still found to have dental health problems caused by the behavior of brushing teeth that is not in accordance with the recommendations of the Ministry of Health, namely after breakfast and before going to bed at night.

A CONCEPTUAL REVIEW OF KAPHAJA ABHISHYANDA / VERNALKERATO CONJUNCTIVITIS

Kaphaja Netra Abhishyanda is defined in Ayurveda as the disease affecting all parts of the eye characterized by Guruta (heaviness of lids), Kandu (itching), Muhurmuhursrava (repeated lacrimation), photophobia and burning sensation in eyes etc. On reviewing the clinical presentation from modern texts, it is found that Vernalkerato conjunctivitis resembles with Kaphaja Netra Abhishyanda (conjunctivitis). Vernal keratoconjunctivitis is a type of allergic conjunctivitis which is a disease of early age group and becoming more important cause of corneal visual impairment and blindness. Vernalkerato conjunctivitis is the inflammation of conjunctiva caused by a wide range of allergens like pollens, dust and smoke, animal dander, mites or other allergy causing substance and is characterized by itching, hyperaemia and mild papillary reaction. This is also known as Spring Catarrh. ‘Spring catarrh’ nomenclature is indicative of season Vasant Ritu (spring season) which is the Kapha Prakopa period of the year as per the Ayurvedic principles and also the Kapha Prakopaka period of childhood age group. Keywords: Abhishyanda, Guruta, Kandu, photophobia, Muhurmuhursrava.

A rare presentation of fulminant subacute sclerosing panencephalitis with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis and meningoencephalitis

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is a rare form of chronic progressive neurodegenerative disorder, caused by persistent central nervous system (CNS) infection by hypermutated strains of Measles virus. It primarily affects children and early adolescent age group. Since there is widespread involvement of CNS, the primary symptoms may start with behavior and personality changes with intellectual involvement followed with myoclonic jerks, convulsion, and hemi or quadriparesis. In later stage, the patient may experience dementia, stupor, coma, or death. However, initial presentation can be variable and atypical, making the diagnosis very challenging in clinical practice. Herein, we report a case of fulminant SSPE in a 13-year-old adolescent male who presented with the features of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) and meningoencephalitis. The patient presented in altered sensorium with the history of poor communications, jerky movement of limbs, and fever for 10–14 days. Preliminary investigations were suggestive of meningoencephalitis and ADEM. After initial course of treatment, the patient did not improve, deteriorated further, and succumbed to his illness, a day before we received the conclusive reports for SSPE. As we experienced from our case report, SSPE can create a lot of diagnostic dilemma to the clinicians in such a fulminant presentation, mainly due to limitation of resources, time, and lack of proper vaccination records. The lack of definitive treatment for SSPE once again proved the proverb that “prevention will always be better than cure.”

Determinants of neonatal, post-neonatal and child mortality in Afghanistan using frailty models

Afghanistan has one of the highest under-five mortality rates in South Asia, 70.4 per 1000 live births. Determinants need to be identified to reduce this rate. Knowledge of the existence of familial and community frailty will also assist in the reduction of under-five mortality. The 2015 Afghanistan Demographic Health Survey, including 32,712 live births, was analysed. Under-five mortality was disaggregated into neonatal, post-neonatal and child mortality and piecewise traditional Cox proportional hazard, variance-corrected and frailty models were developed. All the models identified determinants and the two frailty models examined the existence of familial and community frailty for each age group. There was statistically significant evidence of community frailty. Breastfeeding status was a highly significant determinant under univariable and multivariable analysis for neonatal and post-neonatal mortality. Post-neonates of employed mothers also experienced increased mortality, particularly those whose mother worked in agriculture where the hazard ratio was 2.77 (95% CI 2.10, 3.65). Birth order 5+ was associated with increased mortality for all three age groups. The Afghanistan Ministry of Public Health should identify frail communities. Support, such as daycare facilities, should be provided and early initiation of breastfeeding and breastfeeding throughout the post-neonatal period should also be encouraged. The study identified determinants of neonatal, post-neonatal and child mortality. The study also established the presence of community frailty with respect to under-five mortality in Afghanistan. The study shows that the association of not breastfeeding and mortality is more acute in the early neonatal age group and it extends into the post-neonatal age group. The study identified the association of high birth order and mortality in the neonatal, post-neonatal and child age groups in Afghanistan. Policies should be implemented that encourage early initiation of breastfeeding to continue throughout the post-neonatal period and support for vulnerable families should be provided.

A study on assessment of unmet need and contraceptives practices adopted among currently married females residing at urban slums of Ahmedabad

Background: India is a country where population is rapidly growing, to slow down this growth rate family planning is necessary. Family planning services have the potential to improve the quality of the lives and economic welfare of people. Aim of the study was to assess prevalence of unmet need, knowledge, attitude regarding family planning methods and contraceptive practices, among study participants.Methods: A cross- sectional study was carried out among females of early reproductive age group 18-25 years, Group-1 and late reproductive age group 35-49 years, Group-2Results: Out of 200 women, majority respondents belonged to age group of 22-25 years (44.5%). Females of both age-groups had almost similar (54% and 53%) knowledge “partially correct” type for objectives of family planning and had similar positive attitude (78% and 85%) towards family planning practices. Total 45% of group 1 and 55% of other group females were currently using contraception. Most common method used by group 1 women was Intra Uterine Devices (35.5%), followed by Oral Contraceptive pills (31.2%) and in group 2 women was permanent sterilization (74.5%) followed by barrier and Intra Uterine Devices (9.1% each). Unmet need of family planning was 29% and 18% among early and late reproductive age groups, respectively.Conclusions: Unmet need of family planning was higher among early age group females. In both age groups, utilization of contraceptives were less because of lack of awareness and fear of side effect.