Early Editions Research Articles

Editorial: Forced labour legacies and modern slavery

2 | International Union Rights | 28/3-4 EDITORIAL Editorial: Forced labour legacies and modern slavery This edition was envisaged as an opportunity to bring to the pages of this journal a long overdue historical reckoning, focusing on the history of forced labour and the horrors of the transatlantic slave trade. It was a theme that concerned me during the editorial process for the 7th edition of the reference book Trade Unions of the World back in 2015. At that time I added this period of history wherever possible to all country profiles in the book. In earlier editions (which I did not edit) it was almost entirely absent. As I worked to add even more of this history to the 8th edition of the book in 2020 the eruption of interest in colonialism and slavery associated with the Black Lives Matter protests confirmed in my mind that there should be a special double edition of IUR journal addressing these issues. Wilf Sullivan opens this edition and questions the exclusion from narratives of Empire and colonialism of the acts of resistance that would later find echoes in the nascent trade union movement. He considers the anger expressed by Black lives Matter protestors and asks what needs to happen to resolve these deep grievances. Steve Cushion takes the discussion over to the financial exploitation of slavery and how legacies of inequality established at that time persist between peoples and between nations. He urges a united working class response that could link the issue of reparations to contemporary demands for climate justice. IUR uses its world map of labour rights to illustrate the global level of support for international legal instruments that outlaw forced labour practices. We zoom in with a region-by-region approach to consider the historical and contemporary issues in each region. The obvious outlier is China, one of very few countries and the only major industrialised ILO Member State that has not ratified either of the fundamental Conventions. Ratifications throughout Asia, however, are surprisingly poor compared to elsewhere. We hear from Masaomi Akiyama about the prospects for ratification in Japan and look at the recently repealed prison labour sentences for strike organisers that were until this year a barrier to that ratification. The question of forced labour in cotton production dominates across central Asia and in the Xinjiang region of China. Ultimately the story of cotton everywhere has been thick with human misery and exploitation for centuries. This was the crop that built the United States of America. Those who picked that crop were firstly slaves and later a discriminated minority trapped in cotton production under an apartheid system. By the 1960s US cotton was fully mechanised and the Civil Rights era had dawned. The crop has remained important to the US, which is still the world’s biggest exporter of cotton. US companies, NGOs and even the State Department are at the forefront of activism around forced labour in overseas cotton. Rocio Domingo Ramos explains the work to put pressure on the Turkmen, Uzbek and Chinese governments and the impact of the various ‘pledges’ to end sourcing in these regions while forced labour violations are thought to continue. There are signs of progress in Uzbekistan, ‘the law changed and now forced and child labour is considered a crime’ and ‘in the 2020 harvest, for the first time, the Uzbek Forum did not document any cases of forced labour’. But the Cotton Campaign (led by a former US State Department official) is unconvinced and the various boycotts continue. There are intriguing parallels with the rivalry between West and East India interests in the 19th Century, which urged customers to prefer ‘free made’ over ‘slave made’ sugar, which is the focus of the latter half of Eric Williams’s landmark book, Capitalism and Slavery, cited by several contributors to this volume. The East India interest was - of course – ultimately on the right side of history in that, but Williams showed to never ‘abandon [..] scholarship to sentimentality’ and to recognise that naked competition played its part even in that great struggle. His ability to celebrate the abolitionists as ‘a brilliant band’ alongside his acid takedown of hypocrisy in the abolitionist era...

The Autobiographical “I” in Skitalets’s Novelette “Stages”: Comparison of Editions

The article examines the “manifestation” of the autobiographical hero in Skitalets’s novelette “Stages”, which exists in two editions – 1908 and 1937. The first edition appeared when the writer already had a footing in literary circles; the second was published shortly after his return to Homeland from emigration, in 1934. Both editions contain a first-person narrative and relate the author's life story. However, in the earlier editions, Skitalets focuses on the analysis of the inner world, revealing the psychological changes in the hero’s mind. In the latter, the author mainly explores the development of the personality under certain influence of his environment and various circumstances. Moreover, from the very beginning the author was guided by the canon of socialist realism, wishing to present the growth of a “social” person, who subordinates the individual to the collective and is ready to offer his entire life for the revolutionary cause.

The Power of Song in Amsterdam: Pereq Shira in Yiddish and the Transmission of Piety

Abstract One of the most fascinating products of late antique Judaism is Pereq Shira, a collection of hymns sung by an assortment of God’s creatures in His praise. Thus far ample research has been conducted mostly into the manuscript traditions of Pereq Shira. The early modern Amsterdam Yiddish print editions have, however, escaped extensive analysis. This article provides an in-depth analysis of the paratexts of both the Yiddish and the Hebrew Amsterdam stand-alone Pereq Shira editions (1692). My main methodology will be a paratextual analysis, using the theory developed by Gerard Genette and introduced into the field of early modern Yiddish studies by the late Shlomo Berger. The spiritual utility of the book in Yiddish is at the forefront, explaining its potential audience how the book would enhance their religious observance. This research is located at the intersection of the study of early modern Ashkenaz, Amsterdam book history and Yiddish scholarship. This article introduces and examines the paratexts of the Amsterdam Yiddish and Hebrew Pereq Shira editions (1692), and reinforces the process of transmission of piety in early modern Ashkenaz through Yiddish.

ЛЕГЕНДА О ФЛОКИ-ВОРОНЕ В ИСЛАНДСКИХ ПИСЬМЕННЫХ ИСТОЧНИКАХ

One of the most peculiar stories about the naming of the island, which the introductory chapters of The Book of Settlements (Landnámabók) open with, is the þáttr about Hrafna-Flóki, presented completely differently in the early editions of Sturlubók and Hauksbók. The dynamics of plot development, which are similar to those of a fairy tale, fragments that fully coincide in the different editions, the release of three sacrificial ravens and the three main actors (Flóki Vilgerðarson himself and his two companions who bear the rhyming names Þórólfr and Herjólfr) go back to the oral tradition. In the plot of the ‘magic helper’, Faxi, endowed with a name typical for a magic horse in the Old Norse tradition, direct structural and stylistic analogies can be traced in other hydronymic legends of Landnámabók. The þáttr of Flóki is an alternative socioetiological legend, ignored by Ari fróði Þorgilsson due to its inconsistency with his idealised image of the leader of the Norwegian settlers.

The Book of Approved Words

Can you change your thoughts by changing your words? Do you have an obligation to speak the truth, even a politically incorrect one? In this work of philosophical short fiction, the narrator is a government approved writer. His job is to update published works by deleting words that have been made illegal; words like Easter, retard, and faggot. Words that might offend anyone. The narrator leaves his office to pick up the newest edition of the Bureau’s Book Of Approved Words. Of course, in getting the new edition, he must turn in the old edition. The narrator goes home, frustrated. Each year, it seems, there are less and less words. The narrator finds his brother-in-hiding, Silas, waiting in his house. He works with the Freedom Of Speech Movement and has a request, he would like a copy of the old banned books the narrator received from his grandfather that he keeps hidden. They plan to upload the books to the net for others to read. The next day the narrator is reassigned from writing movie reviews to writing music reviews because he wrote one to many “anything-but-glowing,” movie reviews. He agrees to provide an earlier edition of a dictionary to his brothers group. The narrator submits the old edition dictionary to be published on the net, his career has come to an end. He is now an outlaw too.

Chaos as opportunity

Chaos as opportunity

The Reception of Sappho in the Italian Renaissance: Biographical Tradition and Early Editions of the Sapphic Works

In this article the survival of the sapphic fragments of the ancient times in Renaissance period is examined. More specifically the reappearance of the sapphic verses is presented concerning the first publications (editio princeps) and the most widespread texts of ancient authors during West Renaissance. These texts were the primary sources, on which the later publications of the sapphic work were based, while they also had a great influence on the reception of the ancient poet by the Renaissance writers.

L’Organe des Anciens? Retour sur les rééditions des Caractères de La Bruyère

Abstract This article challenges fundamental assumptions about Jean de La Bruyère’s Les Caractères and the eight reissues of the work that were published in just six years — a unique case in canonical French literature. Contrary to critical refrains since the mid-nineteenth century, these editions should not be considered as drafts that preceded a definitive version. Following early modern editorial practices, the reissues are better understood within a concept of periodicity: Les Caractères functioned as a media platform that allowed La Bruyère to compete with the Mercure galant (the fashionable official media outlet of Louis XIV’s reign) to intervene in topical debates and secure election to the Académie française. Throughout the editions, he subtly re-oriented his positioning and moulded his work into a literary monument. Behind its venerable philosophical tone, Les Caractères reveals itself to be a dynamic book, tightly linked to contemporary issues and elaborated from sophisticated media strategies, as well as a textbook case in the historiography of French studies.

Dokument Przemysła II dla Piotra Winiarczyca

The article presents an analysis of an interesting document issued by Duke Przemysł II of Greater Poland for Piotr Winiarczyc of Gniezno. Contrary to doubts of some scholars, it is undoubtedly authentic and was probably issued on 25 August 1283. The enclosed edition offers a text differing significantly from the version known from the earlier editions.

Dostoevsky’s Pushkin Speech in the Testimonies of Contemporaries

The article provides a critical analysis of the sources that report the details of Dostoevsky's Pushkin speech on June 8, 1880. They include letters, diaries and memoirs of listeners, telegrams and reports in newspapers and journals of the time. A cross-examination of existing and newly discovered sources revealed a number of conjectures, which usually emerge due to ideological considerations. The focus is on the memoirs of E. P. Letkova-Sultanova and D. N. Lyubimov, which depicted the event from ideologically opposed points of view. Thus, Letkova strongly denies the moment of unanimity of Dostoevsky's audience, recorded by other memoirists, and insists on the initial rejection of his speech by radical youth. Her memoirs usually arouse the confidence of researchers, since the author confirms his judgments with excerpts from his personal diary regarding the two-day the Pushkin celebration (June 7 and 8) that assert the priority of Turgenev. Letkova's memoirs were published in 1932. However, another, earlier and previously unpublished text has been preserved in The Russian State Archive of Literature and Arts in the N. S. Ashukin collection. It comprises five handwritten pages of the article “June days of 1880 in Moscow (From the diary of Ekaterina Letkova)”. Comparison of the early (1924) and late (1932) editions of Letkova's “diary” leads to the unequivocal conclusion that this “diary” was a later mystification, which was supposed to confirm the righteousness of progressive forces in their opposition to Dostoevsky (this motive was significantly emphasized in the 1932 edition). The memoirs of D. N. Lyubimov are structured in the same manner, only differing in that they covered the event from a conservative point of view. Lyubimov's memoirs are relevant for researchers, since he described Dostoevsky's audience in a more detailed way than other memoirists. This description should have led to the idea of consolidating the best members of Russian society. However, a critical analysis of this source showed that more than half of those who listened to Dostoevsky according to Lyubimov could not have attended the meeting. The memoirist also distorts the Turgenev's perception of Dostoevsky's speech (he allegedly “sobbed” when the speaker compared Lisa Kalitina to Tatyana Larina). Criticism of sources allows us to clarify a number of aspects in the perception of Dostoevsky's Pushkin speech as a key event in Russian culture, to approach its understanding on the basis of verified evidence from contemporaries.

142 Mineral requirements of fed cattle

Abstract The purpose of this presentation is to summarize state of the art data related to our understanding of feedlot cattle mineral requirements. To date, mineral requirements of cattle have been estimated based on historical research, some conducted as early as the 1930s and 40s. In comparison to earlier editions of the beef cattle nutritional requirements, relatively few alterations in mineral feeding recommendations were noted in NASEM (2016). However, consultants working in the industry commonly report feeding minerals far in excess of the NASEM (2016) recommendations. In addition, an abundance of mineral supplementation strategies has contributed to misunderstandings associated with cattle mineral requirements. Trace minerals, in particular, are available in a variety of chemical forms that affect site of solubility, potential bioavailability and may allow supplementation via various routes (dietary, injection, bolus, oral drench). Published and unpublished data comparing national vs. industry recommendations of trace minerals on beef cattle performance and data pertaining to source comparisons in fed cattle will be presented.

On editions and relations between Ma Peizhi's Medical Collection and Ma's Medical Theories

There are some errors in edition descriptions of Ma Peizhi's Medical Collection and Ma's Medical Theories. The researches on them are also insufficient. Editions of Medical Collection are very complex. Since there coexist early editions, later revised editions and enlarged editions. Ma's Medical Theories was serialized in Shaoxing Medicine Journal during the Republic of China. On this foundation, related collation works come out constantly and additions and deletions between inscription and transcription editions are complicated. Stylistic rules and layout of Medical Collection and Ma's Medical Theories are consistent and they have a lot in common while their differences are also obvious. Numerous evidences show that Ma's Medical Theories may be one of sources of Medical Collection. Discussion of relations of the two books helps to deepen understanding completion process of Medical Collection and Ma's change of academic thoughts.

Pjesništvo u najpoznatijim crkvenim pjesmaricama za djecu i mlade na području zagrebačke nadbiskupije

U radu se analiziraju stihovi namijenjeni crkvenom pjevanju i recitiranju u hrvatskim crkvenim pjesmaricama koje su bile namijenjene katehezi gimnazijalaca ili upotrebi još mlađega osnovnoškolskog učeničkog uzrasta. Prve crkvene pjesmarice u novijoj hrvatskoj književnosti s posebnom namjenom prema mladima nastaju još u drugoj polovici 19. st. (autori: Josip Torbar – Ivan Stohl, Ante Truhelka, Šime Balenović – Franjo Šic, Ljudevit Tomšić, Đuro Šimončić i dr.), a potom sve intenzivnije i početkom 20. st. (autori: Vilko Novak, Franjo Medricky, Josip Celinšćak i dr.). Raščlamba pjesničkog opusa pokazuje da se u prijašnjim izdanjima pjesmarica nije još toliko pazilo o posebnoj razini inteligibilnosti i mogućnostima percepcije koju zahtijeva mladenačka dob, te u tim pjesmama još nalazimo podosta motiva ozbiljnog pokajničkog karaktera, pretjerane romantičarske stilske prenaglašenosti emocija, pa i dosta strogosti u preispitivanju etičkih normi. Najveći zaokret prema svijetu dječje književnosti napravio je učitelj Ante Truhelka, koji je svoje tekstove crkvenih pjesama šezdesetih godina 19. st. prilagodio razini dječjeg svijeta i interesa, te je u tekstove unio obilježja igrivosti i lako pamtljivog rimovanja. Međutim, najveću popularnost doživjeli su priručnici isusovca Josipa Celinščaka, čiji je molitvenik Kruh nebeski, prvi put objavljen u Zagrebu 1909., a doživio je čak 36 izdanja.

Sources of anthroponyms in P. Kulish’s novel “Chorna Rada”

The paper analyzes different sources of anthroponyms in the original and final texts of P. Kulish’s novel “Chorna Rada: Khronika 1663 Roku” (“The Black Council: A Chronicle of the Year 1663”). Three types of sources have been identified: the historical prototypes, names and surnames of Kulish’s friends, and archival (documentary) records. In addition, numerous notes in the early editions of the Russian novel contain references to the works of various people (M. Markevych, D. Bantysh-Kamenskyi, V. Kokhovskyi, etc.). The last group of anthroponyms stands outside of the plot, and the paper does not focus on it. The historical and autobiographical sources of anthroponyms are generally known. Among the first are prototypes of two hetmans — Yakym Somko and Ivan Briukhovetskyi, military secretary M. Vukhaievych, regimental osaul M. Hvyntovka. The second group comprises the occasional characters Hordii Kostomara (a historian M. Kostomarov), Ivan Yusko (a teacher I. Yuskevych-Kraskovskyi), Hulak (M. Hulak, the founder of The Brotherhood of Saints Cyril and Methodius), Bilozerets (Kulish’s brother-in-law V. Bilozerskyi), Petro Serdiuk (Kulish’s close friend Petro Serdiukov), Oleksa Senchylo (teacher Oleksa Senchylo-Stefanovskyi). In the novel, Kulish drew the love line as a projection of his relationship with Oleksandra Bilozerska and her mother Motrona. The characters of Petro Shramenko, Lesia Cherevanivna and her mother Melaniia have an autobiographical basis. Accordingly, Lesia’s name was also taken from real life. The third group of sources supplying the anthroponyms is archival records. The paper analуzes Kulish’s extracts from the roster of Cossack regiments of the Hetmanate (1741). This source wasn’t used previously. It contains the anthroponyms Vasyl Nevolnyk (‘Slave’), Puhach, Petro Serdiuk, Taranukha, Chepurnyi, Cherevan, Tur, Shramko and Shramchenko, Shkoda, which the author used in various editions of the novel.

News, Programs, Publications, and Awards

News, Programs, Publications, and Awards

New Evidence for Ben Jonson’s Epigrammes (ca. 1612) in Bodleian Library Records

New Evidence for Ben Jonson’s <i>Epigrammes</i> (ca. 1612) in Bodleian Library Records

Motor imagery and action observation for predictive control in developmental coordination disorder.

In 2019, international clinical practice recommendations on the definition, diagnosis, assessment, intervention, and psychosocial aspects of developmental coordination disorder (DCD) were published. Informing our understanding of mechanisms, recent systematic reviews have shown that children with DCD have difficulties with the predictive control of movements, including aspects of motor planning, which is expressed as the internal modeling deficit hypothesis. This motor control deficit is most evident when the spatial and temporal demands of a task increase. An increasing number of empirical studies suggest that motor planning problems can be remediated through training based on one or a combination of motor imagery and action observation. In this review, we show evidence of motor planning problems in children with DCD and show that task demands or complexity affects its appearance. Implications of these findings are treatments based on motor imagery and action observation to remediate motor planning issues. The article concludes with recommendations for future research.

Disclosing conflict of interest does not mitigate healthcare bias and harm: It is time to sever industry ties.

Disclosing conflict of interest is widely believed to mitigate bias and harm from industry entanglement in healthcare research, education and practice. However, evidence is lacking of disclosure-related mitigation. Radical and extensive severing of industry ties to health care is necessary to curtail industry-related bias and harm.

Upward mobility, betrayal, and the Black Papers on education

Upward mobility, betrayal, and the Black Papers on education

Women's History in the Age of Reformation: Johannes Meyer's Chronicle of the Dominican Observance

Women's History in the Age of Reformation: Johannes Meyer's Chronicle of the Dominican Observance