Early Catalogue Research Articles

An Early Catalog of Planet-hosting Multiple-star Systems of Order Three and Higher

We present a catalog (status 2022 July 1) of triple and higher-order systems identified containing exoplanets based on data from the literature, including various analyses. We explore statistical properties of the systems with a focus on both the stars and the planets. So far, about 30 triple systems and one to three quadruple systems, including (mildly) controversial cases, have been found. The total number of planets is close to 40. All planet-hosting triple-star systems are highly hierarchic, consisting of a quasi-binary complemented by a distant stellar component, which is in orbit about the common center of mass. Furthermore, the quadruple systems are in fact pairs of close binaries (“double–doubles”), with one binary harboring a planet. For the different types of star–planet systems, we introduce a template for the classifications of planetary orbital configurations in correspondence to the hierarchy of the system and the planetary host. The data show that almost all stars are main-sequence stars, as expected. However, the stellar primaries tend to be more massive (i.e., corresponding to spectral types A, F, and G) than expected from single-star statistics, a finding also valid for stellar secondaries but less pronounced. Tertiary stellar components are almost exclusively low-mass stars of spectral type M. Almost all planets have been discovered based on either the Radial Velocity method or the Transit method. Both gas giants (the dominant type) and terrestrial planets (including super-Earths) have been identified. We anticipate the expansion of this database in the light of future planetary search missions.

MiR2Trait: an integrated resource for investigating miRNA-disease associations.

MicroRNAs are key components of cellular regulatory networks, and breakdown in miRNA function causes cascading effects leading to pathophenotypes. A better understanding of the role of miRNAs in diseases is essential for human health. Here, we have devised a method for comprehensively mapping the associations between miRNAs and diseases by merging on a common key between two curated omics databases. The resulting bidirectional resource, miR2Trait, is more detailed than earlier catalogs, uncovers new relationships, and includes analytical utilities to interrogate and extract knowledge from these datasets. miR2Trait provides resources to compute the disease enrichment of a user-given set of miRNAs and analyze the miRNA profile of a specified diseasome. Reproducible examples demonstrating use-cases for each of these resource components are illustrated. Furthermore we used these tools to construct pairwise miRNA-miRNA and disease-disease enrichment networks, and identified 23 central miRNAs that could underlie major regulatory functions in the human genome. miR2Trait is available as an open-source command-line interface in Python3 (URL: https://github.com/miR2Trait) with a companion wiki documenting the scripts and data resources developed, under MIT license for commercial and non-commercial use. A minimal web-based implementation has been made available at https://sas.sastra.edu/pymir18. Supplementary information is available at: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.8288825.v3.

The Largest Stock of Guns in Canada

This article examines the business of Toronto retailer Charles Stark, who in the late nineteenth century was Canada’s leading gun seller. Stark took advantage of, and encouraged, civilian interest in firearms. He emphasized the attractiveness, capabilities, and quality of modern weapons, urging customers to see firearms as consumer items that could be used for target shooting, hunting, or defence. Stark employed innovative new marketing and sales techniques. Most importantly, he produced a lengthy and beautifully illustrated catalogue by the early 1880s that preceded and dwarfed Timothy Eaton’s early catalogue business.

A Review of Nearctic Selenophorus Dejean (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Harpalini) North of Mexico with New Species, New Synonyms, Range Extensions, and a Key

This review of the ground beetle genus Selenophorus Dejean of the Nearctic Region north of Mexico supplements the taxonomy and biogeography reported in an earlier catalogue on the North American Geadephaga. Eight new species of Selenophorus are described, seven Nearctic and one Neotropical. Selenophorus pararuficollis Messer and Raber, new species in South America and Selenophorus neoruficollis Messer and Raber, new species in southern United States join Neotropical Selenophorus ruficollis (Putzeys) in the previously monobasic S. ruficollis species group of subgenus Selenophorus. Also added to subgenus Selenophorus are Selenophorus undatus Messer and Raber, new species, S. opalinus species group; Selenophorus elytrostictus Messer and Raber, new species, S. striatopunctatus species group; Selenophorus balli Messer and Raber, new species, S. hylacis species group; Selenophorus rileyi Messer and Raber, new species, S. palliatus species group. Added to subgenus Celiamorphus Casey are Selenophorus nonellipticus Messer and Raber, new species, S. ellipticus species group; Selenophorus pumilus Messer and Raber, new species, S. pumilus species group. Thirteen new synonyms are proposed: Selenophorus municeps (Casey) with Selenophorus ellipticus Dejean; Selenophorus adjunctus (Casey), Selenophorus nanulus (Casey), and Selenophorus subtropicus (Casey) with Selenophorus granarius Dejean; Selenophorus elongatus (LeConte) with Selenophorus hylacis (Say); Selenophorus scolopaceus Casey with Selenophorus aeneopiceus Casey; Selenophorus cupreolus Casey, Selenophorus houstoni Casey, Selenophorus implicans Casey, and Selenophorus riparius Casey with Selenophorus pedicularius Casey; Selenophorus otiosus Casey with Selenophorus planipennis LeConte; Selenophorus laesus (LeConte) with Selenophorus palliatus (Fabricius); Selenophorus famulus Casey with Selenophorus aequinoctialis Dejean. Selenophorus schaefferi Csiki, revised status is removed from synonymy with Amblygnathus subtinctus (LeConte) and restored to species status. Discoderus discoderoides (Schaeffer), new combination is transferred from genus Selenophorus. The previous transfer from genus Selenophorus to Athrostictus punctatulus (Putzeys) is clarified. A key identifies the 15 species groups and the 37 species of adult Nearctic Selenophorus. The 24 species of Selenophorus reported for Texas make it the most species-rich state. The four kinds of sexual dimorphism in Selenophorus are found to be taxonomically useful character states. Several new state records of the United States and new country records of the New World are reported. New to the USA are one West Indian species and five Mexican species. Among the latter group is the southwestern species S. aequinoctialis, which is distinguished from the similar S. palliatus of the eastern USA. Eight strictly Neotropical species are compared to their similar Nearctic counterparts. Figures include habitus photographs of 40 species and line drawings of male genitalia for the new species.

The Multi-INstrument Burst ARchive (MINBAR)

Abstract We present the largest sample of type I (thermonuclear) X-ray bursts yet assembled, comprising 7083 bursts from 85 bursting sources. The sample is drawn from observations with Xenon-filled proportional counters on the long-duration satellites RXTE, BeppoSAX, and International Gamma-Ray Astrophysics Laboratory between 1996 February 8 and 2012 May 3. The burst sources were drawn from a comprehensive catalog of 115 burst sources, assembled from earlier catalogs and the literature. We carried out a consistent analysis for each burst light curve (normalized to the relative instrumental effective area) and provide measurements of rise time, peak intensity, burst timescale, and fluence. For bursts observed with the RXTE/PCA and BeppoSAX/Wide Field Camera we also provide time-resolved spectroscopy, including estimates of bolometric peak flux and fluence, and spectral parameters at the peak of the burst. For 950 bursts observed with the PCA from sources with previously detected burst oscillations, we include an analysis of the high time resolution data, providing information on the detectability and amplitude of the oscillations, as well as where in the burst they are found. We also present analysis of 118,848 observations of the burst sources within the sample time frame. We extracted 3–25 keV X-ray spectra from most observations, and (for observations meeting our signal-to-noise criterion) we provide measurements of the flux, spectral colors, and, for selected sources, the position on the color–color diagram, for the best-fit spectral model. We present a description of the sample, a summary of the science investigations completed to date, and suggestions for further studies.

A Catalog of Newly Identified Star Clusters in Gaia DR2

Abstract We present the Star cluster Hunting Pipeline (SHiP) that can identify star clusters in Gaia second data release (DR2) data and establish a star cluster catalog for the Galactic disk. A friend-of-friend-based cluster finder method is used to identify star clusters using five-dimensional stellar parameters, , and μ δ . Our new catalog contains 2443 star cluster candidates identified from disk stars located within and with G < 18 mag. An automatic isochrone fitting scheme is applied to all cluster candidates. With a combination of parameters obtained from isochrone fitting, we classify cluster candidates into three classes (Class 1, 2, and 3). Class 1 clusters are the most probable star cluster candidates with the most stringent criteria. Most of these clusters are nearby (within 4 kpc). Our catalog is crossmatched with three Galactic star cluster catalogs, Kharchenko et al., Gaudin et al., and Bica et al. The proper motion and parallax of matched star clusters are in good agreement with these earlier catalogs. We discover 76 new star cluster candidates that are not listed in these three catalogs. The majority of these are clusters older than log(age/yr) = 8.0 and are located in the inner disk with . The recent discovery of new star clusters suggests that current Galactic star cluster catalogs are still incomplete. Among the Class 1 cluster candidates, we find 56 candidates for star cluster groups. The pipeline, the catalog, and the member list containing all candidates star clusters and star cluster groups have been made publicly available.

Prices of English Books at Auction c. 1680

Abstract Scholars have noted the significance and spread of the second-hand book trade in seventeenth-century England, but so far little information about the books and their prices has been available. This essay examines the evidence from annotations to an early book auction catalogue relating to ten auctions that took place in London between 1676 and 1682, providing the prices for thousands of books. A comparison between the prices for which books sold at auction, and the prices of the same books new in the Term Catalogues in the decade prior to these auctions reveals that most of the relatively new books sold at auction for a considerable discount off their retail price. For older books, the prices primarily depended on condition and demand rather than the expense of producing the book or its age. This shows a turn towards a customer-driven pricing structure which has significant implications for how we understand the connection between book prices and readers in the late seventeenth century.

The Auersperg Library’s Catalogues and Inventories as Remembrances of Its Cultural and Scientific Significance and Its Development through Time

The extent, contents and cultural- and scientific significance of the Auersperg family‘s Ljubljana library, which was at its peak at the of the brothers Wolf Engelbert (1610–1673) and Joannes Weickhard (1615–1677), is only known from individual catalogues, inventories and censuses, as the collection has been dispersed. Until recently, only the 1668 catalogue, and its transcription from 1762, have been known, but in the course of researches in the Auersperg family archives in Vienna five additional library catalogues and inventories from the 17th and the 18th centuries were discovered. The article presents basic information about the already known, as well as the newly discovered, early catalogues and inventories, which reveal the continuity and characteristics of this comprehensive collection’s development through time. It also presents both catalogues from London auctions in the 1980s, where more than 800 of the Auersperg library’s books were sold.

The Auersperg Library’s Catalogues and Inventories as Remembrances of Its Cultural and Scientific Significance and Its Development through Time

The extent, contents and cultural- and scientific significance of the Auersperg family‘s Ljubljana library, which was at its peak at the of the brothers Wolf Engelbert (1610–1673) and Joannes Weickhard (1615–1677), is only known from individual catalogues, inventories and censuses, as the collection has been dispersed. Until recently, only the 1668 catalogue, and its transcription from 1762, have been known, but in the course of researches in the Auersperg family archives in Vienna five additional library catalogues and inventories from the 17th and the 18th centuries were discovered. The article presents basic information about the already known, as well as the newly discovered, early catalogues and inventories, which reveal the continuity and characteristics of this comprehensive collection’s development through time. It also presents both catalogues from London auctions in the 1980s, where more than 800 of the Auersperg library’s books were sold.

"Into the Arms": U2, America, and the 1980s

"Into the Arms":U2, America, and the 1980s M. L. Brillman In the early 1990s, U2 attained their apotheosis. The ZooTV/Zooropa tours, in America and Europe respectively, following the massive success of 1991's Achtung Baby, placed the band in a global space in which audiences told their secrets, broadcast in real time, in confessional booths, and the performers made prank calls to world leaders, everyone in on the fun. In the course of the tour's concerts, Bono's alter egos parodied pop culture and hero worship; he underwent a sea change in artistic persona that was tripartite in nature. It consisted of The Fly, a character as well as the first single from Achtung Baby; ZooTV's Mirrorball Man; and Zooropa's Mr. McPhisto, both of whom represented decadent has-beens, neither earnest nor organic, essentially devil reincarnates, always with a sardonic quip—but the band's political confidence was not always so ubiquitous. In the decade before the two-year postmodern touring circus that constituted ZooTV/Zooropa and cemented U2's status as one of the world's biggest bands, the quartet took three odysseys of identity: the question of their Irishness, their position as a rock group of political conscience, and a search for roots that they had never had. There is a crucial distinction to make about U2: it as always been less of an Irish rock band than it is a rock band from Ireland. Half of the collective are not Irish; The Edge, born David Evans in England, is Welsh, and Adam Clayton, also born in England, is English. Early in U2's career, it was not Irish tradition that gripped Bono, The Edge, and Larry Mullen Jr., but, rather, charismatic Christianity (Clayton reserved serious doubts); their Christian background was built around a strong fellowship at Mount Temple Comprehensive School in Dublin, where U2 had formed in 1978, after Mullen Jr. had famously stuck a note on the bulletin board inviting musicians to meet in his family's kitchen. Many of the band's initial themes would be devoted to religion. Such songs as "Gloria," "Rejoice," and "40" contain direct Christian references and evoke a faith predicated on the glory of salvation. The lyrics, however, though introspective, were far from morose, presenting instead a new more hopeful vision of what had been a culturally repressed Ireland. If U2 were going to be labeled [End Page 58] "post-punk," furthermore, one way in which they could squash the by-then hackneyed punk code was by promoting an optimistic outlook. U2 differed from other Irish musicians in the late 1970s and early 1980s. They neither sneered nor jeered, as did Bob Geldof of the Boomtown Rats. They did not thrust forward their pelvises or dabble in Celtic mythology like Phil Lynott of Thin Lizzy. And they did not get drunk to the point of blackout and lament the exile of the Irish emigrant like Shane MacGowan of the Pogues. If U2 followed any Irish musicians' trajectory, it would fall somewhere between Rory Gallagher, who relished playing at home, and Van Morrison, who set out to conquer Britain and America. Around the island, in Dublin and Cork in particular, the early U2 began to garner a nonchalant (or even indifferent) public acknowledgment that they were certain to become the next big rock act to hail from Ireland. Hot Press, a homegrown Irish fanzine, underscored that U2 was the 1980s band tapped by the media to export Irish rock internationally.1 It had been a local contest in Limerick, sponsored by Harp Lager, which secured U2 their first record deal. By the time the band had signed with Island Records in March 1980, listener polls had already established that U2 augured a refreshing promise as their music departed from the nihilism of punk by offering images of grace and redemption. The early catalogue possesses, in fact, very few Irish connotations. "An Cat Dubh" or "The Black Cat" on their debut album Boy (1980) chronicles a feline toying with a dead bird in Dublin—but the city portrayed on the video could be any concrete jungle, and the Irish title is of little relevance to the song...

Tracking the ancestral Portuguese name of the osprey across the Atlantic: hints from language, literature, history and geography

Guincho, the traditional Portuguese name of the osprey (Pandion haliaetus) is unique and ancestral. It is found in several sorts of fictional literature from the 16th up to the early 20th centuries in the form of a metaphor born from an old popular proverb. The first time the name appears as the vernacular designation of the osprey is in a 17th falconry treatise, and then in old dictionaries and early ornithological monographs and catalogues throughout the 18th to early 20th centuries. In Portugal, however, the name barely survives, partly due to the species demise in the country during the 20th century, but mainly because it was gradually replaced by an erudite term in ornithological literature since the middle 19th century. However, given the conspicuousness of the species and its nests, the name and its composites are retained in a number of places along the coast. And, following the Portuguese diaspora of the 16th-18th centuries, the term spread to the archipelagos of Madeira, Cape Verde and the Canaries where it impregnated the local vocabulary and again gave the name to many coastal places. Then, it moved from the Canaries to the Spanish speaking areas of the Caribbean riding the mass migration of Canary Islanders to the new colonies. In consequence, the traditional Portuguese name of the osprey is still fully used in several island countries across the Atlantic. The remarkable presence of the ancestral Portuguese name of the osprey in language, literature and geography allows its rehabilitation as the proper popular name of the species and sanctions its legitimacy as a tool for reconstructing the ancient historical ranges of the osprey. Ultimately, revaluing the name is also a matter of cultural preservation, which compliments and enriches the current efforts for the species recovery in Portugal.

She writes like she dances: Response and radical impermanence in writing as dancing

Abstract Through investigating writing as dancing, this work seeks to access, reveal and amplify the voice of danceras-writer in the production of new texts as embodied fictions. Harnessing processes of the response project and an emergent theory of radical impermanence, the dancer-as-writer is agent in inhabiting energetic states and scores practiced in dance improvisation to write like she dances. The provocation in this early catalogue of research is that the liveness of dance can potentially continue through, and be revealed in, the decision-making of writing; to make visible the dancer in a performance you can hold in your hands. The work in she writes like she dances is both an assertion of deep commitment to the liveness of improvisation, and a suspected betrayal.

GaiaData Release 1

Gaia Data Release 1 (Gaia DR1) contains astrometric results for more than 1 billion stars brighter than magnitude 20.7 based on observations collected by the Gaia satellite during the first 14 months of its operational phase. We give a brief overview of the astrometric content of the data release and of the model assumptions, data processing, and validation of the results. For stars in common with the Hipparcos and Tycho-2 catalogues, complete astrometric single-star solutions are obtained by incorporating positional information from the earlier catalogues. For other stars only their positions are obtained by neglecting their proper motions and parallaxes. The results are validated by an analysis of the residuals, through special validation runs, and by comparison with external data. Results. For about two million of the brighter stars (down to magnitude ~11.5) we obtain positions, parallaxes, and proper motions to Hipparcos-type precision or better. For these stars, systematic errors depending e.g. on position and colour are at a level of 0.3 milliarcsecond (mas). For the remaining stars we obtain positions at epoch J2015.0 accurate to ~10 mas. Positions and proper motions are given in a reference frame that is aligned with the International Celestial Reference Frame (ICRF) to better than 0.1 mas at epoch J2015.0, and non-rotating with respect to ICRF to within 0.03 mas/yr. The Hipparcos reference frame is found to rotate with respect to the Gaia DR1 frame at a rate of 0.24 mas/yr. Based on less than a quarter of the nominal mission length and on very provisional and incomplete calibrations, the quality and completeness of the astrometric data in Gaia DR1 are far from what is expected for the final mission products. The results nevertheless represent a huge improvement in the available fundamental stellar data and practical definition of the optical reference frame.

THE THIRD CATALOG OF ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI DETECTED BY THEFERMILARGE AREA TELESCOPE

The third catalog of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) detected by the Fermi-LAT (3LAC) is presented. It is based on the third Fermi-LAT catalog (3FGL) of sources detected between 100 MeV and 300 GeV with a Test Statistic (TS) greater than 25, between 2008 August 4 and 2012 July 31. The 3LAC includes 1591 AGNs located at high Galactic latitudes (|b|>10{\deg}), a 71% increase over the second catalog based on 2 years of data. There are 28 duplicate associations, thus 1563 of the 2192 high-latitude gamma-ray sources of the 3FGL catalog are AGNs. Most of them (98%) are blazars. About half of the newly detected blazars are of unknown type, i.e., they lack spectroscopic information of sufficient quality to determine the strength of their emission lines. Based on their gamma-ray spectral properties, these sources are evenly split between flat-spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs) and BL~Lacs. The most abundant detected BL~Lacs are of the high-synchrotron-peaked (HSP) type. About 50% of the BL~Lacs have no measured redshifts. A few new rare outliers (HSP-FSRQs and high-luminosity HSP BL~Lacs) are reported. The general properties of the 3LAC sample confirm previous findings from earlier catalogs. The fraction of 3LAC blazars in the total population of blazars listed in BZCAT remains non-negligible even at the faint ends of the BZCAT-blazar radio, optical and X-ray flux distributions, which is a clue that even the faintest known blazars could eventually shine in gamma rays at LAT-detection levels. The energy-flux distributions of the different blazar populations are in good agreement with extrapolation from earlier catalogs.

Decolonizing Ethnographic Documentation: A Critical History of the Early Museum Catalogs at the Smithsonian's National Museum of Natural History

To inform debates about decolonizing museum records, this article maps the history of cataloging at the Smithsonian's National Museum of Natural History. In the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, when material heritage was collected for museums from Indigenous peoples, the knowledge within those communities was often measured against Eurocentric biases that saw Indigenous knowledge as the object of material culture research, not a contribution to it. This article thus argues for a historical approach to understand how standards in object description involve assumptions that have resulted in a lack of Indigenous knowledge in museum records from this time.

Historical Earthquakes (before 1755) of the Iberian Peninsula in Early Catalogs

Research Article| April 14, 2015 Historical Earthquakes (before 1755) of the Iberian Peninsula in Early Catalogs Agustín Udías Agustín Udías Departamento de Geofísica y Meteorología, Facultad de C. Físicas, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spainaudiasva@ucm.es Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Author and Article Information Agustín Udías Departamento de Geofísica y Meteorología, Facultad de C. Físicas, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spainaudiasva@ucm.es Publisher: Seismological Society of America First Online: 14 Jul 2017 Online ISSN: 1938-2057 Print ISSN: 0895-0695 © 2015 by the Seismological Society of America Seismological Research Letters (2015) 86 (3): 999–1005. https://doi.org/10.1785/0220140200 Article history First Online: 14 Jul 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Search Site Citation Agustín Udías; Historical Earthquakes (before 1755) of the Iberian Peninsula in Early Catalogs. Seismological Research Letters 2015;; 86 (3): 999–1005. doi: https://doi.org/10.1785/0220140200 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietySeismological Research Letters Search Advanced Search Early lists or catalogs of earthquakes constitute what can be called, in some sense, the first type of seismological works. They give the date, time, place, and size of each earthquake in chronological order, providing the first organized knowledge of seismic activity beyond the description of individual occurrence of earthquakes and their damage. In early earthquakes lists or catalogs (before the twentieth century), all source parameters such as date, time, location, and size are rather approximate estimates. Date may be reduced to the year, place to the region, city, or town that suffered the greatest damage, and size to an... You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.

Solving the Mystery: The 21 October 1880 Portuguese Earthquake

Online Material: Relevant accounts for intensity estimates of the 21 October 1880 Portuguese earthquake. Despite recent important contributions to the completeness of earthquake catalogs, there are still significant gaps in our knowledge about the preinstrumental seismicity of the Iberian Peninsula. This is true even for the second half of the nineteenth century, in spite of the vast increase in the number of scientific institutions and newspapers in these decades. In the last extensive revision of the Iberian earthquake catalog (Rodriguez de la Torre, 1990a,b), the number of known earthquakes occurring between 1851 and 1900 increased from 620 to 2066 as a result of the systematic search conducted by Rodriguez de la Torre mainly using Spanish sources. Relative to earlier earthquake catalogs, the new data enabled (Martinez Solares and Mezcua, 2002; Mezcua et al. , 2004) to present a very much improved catalog of the earthquakes that occurred in the Iberian Peninsula and its vicinity, with a new assessment of epicenters and magnitudes of the major events, through application of the Bakun and Wentworth (BW Bakun et al. , 2003). As Martinez Solares and Mezcua (2002) and Mezcua et al. (2004) pointed out, the B&W procedure was only applied to events for which there were enough intensity values. Although registered in this catalog, one major Iberian earthquake that is still waiting for epicenter and magnitude determinations is the 21 October 1880 (6:41 a.m.) earthquake. The event was unknown until 1990, when it was discovered by Fernando Rodriguez de la Torre (1990a) in Spanish and Portuguese nineteenth century newspapers. With this new information revealed, the 1880 earthquake was included in the catalog of Martinez …

Gamma-ray blazars and active galactic nuclei seen by the Fermi-LAT

AbstractThe third catalog of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) detected by the Fermi-LAT (3LAC) is presented. It is based on the third Fermi-LAT catalog (3FGL) of sources detected with a test statistic (TS) greater than 25 using the first 4 years of data. The 3LAC includes 1591 AGNs located at high Galactic latitudes, |b| > 10 (with 28 duplicate associations, thus corresponding to 1563 gamma-ray sources among 2192 sources in the 3FGL catalog), a 71% increase over the second catalog based on 2 years of data. A very large majority of these AGNs (98%) are blazars. About half of the newly detected blazars are of unknown type, i.e., they lack spectroscopic information of sufficient quality to determine the strength of their emission lines. The general properties of the 3LAC sample confirm previous findings from earlier catalogs, but some new subclasses (e.g., intermediate- and high-synchrotron-peaked FSRQs) have now been significantly detected.

THE PRECISION AND ACCURACY OF EARLY EPOCH OF REIONIZATION FOREGROUND MODELS: COMPARING MWA AND PAPER 32-ANTENNA SOURCE CATALOGS

As observations of the Epoch of Reionization (EoR) in redshifted 21cm emission begin, we asses the accuracy of the early catalog results from the Precision Array for Probing the Epoch of Reionization (PAPER) and the Murchison Widefield Array. The MWA EoR approach derives much of its sensitivity from subtracting foregrounds to <1% precision while the PAPER approach relies on the stability and symmetry of the primary beam. Both require an accurate flux calibration to set the amplitude of the measured power spectrum. The two instruments are very similar in resolution, sensitivity, sky coverage and spectral range and have produced catalogs from nearly contemporaneous data. We use a Bayesian MCMC fitting method to estimate that the two instruments are on the same flux scale to within 20% and find that the images are mostly in good agreement. We then investigate the source of the errors by comparing two overlapping MWA facets where we find that the differences are primarily related to an inaccurate model of the primary beam but also correlated errors in bright sources due to CLEAN. We conclude with suggestions for mitigating and better characterizing these effects.

Planckintermediate results

(abridged for arXiv) We make use of the Planck all-sky survey to derive number counts and spectral indices of extragalactic sources -- infrared and radio sources -- from the Planck Early Catalogue (ERCSC) at 100 to 857GHz. Our sample contains, after the 80% completeness cut, between 122 and 452 and sources, with flux densities above 0.3 and 1.9Jy at 100 and 857GHz, over about 31 to 40% of the sky. Using Planck HFI, all the sources have been classified as either dust-dominated or synchrotron-dominated on the basis of their spectral energy distributions (SED). Our sample is thus complete, flux-limited and color-selected to differentiate between the two populations. We find an approximately equal number of synchrotron and dusty sources between 217 and 353GHz; at 353GHz or higher (or 217GHz and lower) frequencies, the number is dominated by dusty (synchrotron) sources, as expected. For most of the sources, the spectral indices are also derived. We provide for the first time counts of bright sources from 353 to 857GHz and the contributions from dusty and synchrotron sources at all HFI frequencies in the key spectral range where these spectra are crossing. The observed counts are in the Euclidean regime. The number counts are compared to previously published data (earlier Planck, Herschel, BLAST, SCUBA, LABOCA, SPT, and ACT) and models taking into account both radio or infrared galaxies. We derive the multi-frequency Euclidean level and compare it to WMAP, Spitzer and IRAS results. The submillimetre number counts are not well reproduced by current evolution models of dusty galaxies, whereas the millimetre part appears reasonably well fitted by the most recent model for synchrotron-dominated sources. Finally we provide estimates of the local luminosity density of dusty galaxies, providing the first such measurements at 545 and 857GHz.