Ear Width Research Articles

A Study of Determination of Stature in Hyderabad Population from External Ear Morphometry

Introduction: Many studies have been conducted on the estimation of stature from different body parts like hands, trunk, vertebrae, extremities and foot. Since, all these parts of the body and also bones are not always available for forensic examination. It becomes now necessary to make use of other parts of the body like head & face region. Determination of stature is considered an important parameter in medico-legal and forensic examinations.Objective: this study was carried out to investigate the possibility of estimating stature from external ear morphometry in a sample of Hyderabad population.Method: This study was carried out on 300 persons (180 males and 120 females). Besides stature, eight measurements were obtained from both ears of each participant using manual vernier caliper. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 16.Results: There was a strong significant positive correlation between all measurements and stature. A linear equation model for prediction of stature from given external ear dimension was generated. By simple linear regression analysis, the most accurate predictable variable of stature from both ears in males was ear length (R² = 0.728 in right ear and R² = 0.815 in left ear). While in females; right ear width (R² = 0.655) and left conchal width (R² = 0.791) are the most accurate variables that can predict stature.Conclusion: it is concluded that external ear morphometry can be used as an additional tool in the estimation of stature in Hyderabad population.

Mean Auricular Index of the External Ear in Medical Students of a Medical College in Nepal

The human ear is divided into external, middle and internal ear. The auricle helps in the clinical diagnosis of congenital anomalies and syndromes. The aim of this study is to determine the mean auricular index from the right and left ears, mean measurements of left and right ear and sex-related dimensions of the ear. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in medical students studying at a tertiary care hospital during the period of 1st April 2019 to 20th May 2019 after ethical clearance from the institutional review committee. Simple random sampling was done. Data were collected, entered in Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20 and point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data. Out of total measurements done, we found the mean auricular index was found to be for right ear 51.75±4.51mm and for left ear 54.0996±4.95682mm at 95% CI (51.75-52.37) and (53.42654.766) respectively. The mean ear length, mean ear breadth, mean lobular length and mean lobular breadth were 57.62±5.03mm, 29.72±2.79mm, 19.32±2.60mm and 20.89±3.06mm on the right side and 57.89±4.89mm, 31.21±2.95mm, 19.38±2.55mm and 21.25±2.81mm on the left side respectively. The mean auricular index of the external ear of medical students was within the normal range as compared to the other studies conducted.

CORRELATION BETWEEN AGE, WEIGHT AND BODY MEASURES AT FIRST PREGNANCY OF NELLORE HEIFERS

T he objective of this study was to characterize and correlate weight, body condition and morphometric measurements with the beginning of the reproductive life in heifers of the Nellore breed. To determine the age of first pregnancy, 56 heifers of the Nellore breed were exposed to bulls. The females were evaluated for weight, body condition and body measurements every two months, from 16 to 32 months of age. The body measurements were: withers height, rump height, body length, head length, rump length, ear length, distance between ribs, distance from dorsal spine to belly, distance from ground to belly, head width, rump width, distance between ischiums, ear width, cannon bone perimeter, tail implantation perimeter, and thoracic perimeter. The results show that the animals had an average weight of 334±39 kg and an average age of 29±3 months at first pregnancy. The morphometric measurements of withers height, rump height, body length, rump length, head width, rump width, width between ischiums, tail implantation perimeter and thoracic perimeter were significantly greater in the pregnant animals. Can conclude from these results that a relationship between morphometric measurements and the first pregnancy in Nel l ore heifers.

Anthropometric analysis of 3D ear scans of Koreans and Caucasians for ear product design

The present study measured 25 dimensions of the ear including the concha and ear canal for ergonomic design of ear products and compared with existing ear measurement studies. Scanning and casting methods were employed to produce 3D ear images for 230 Koreans and 96 Caucasians and measurements of the ear dimensions were obtained by identifying 21 landmarks on individual ear scan image. The Korean ear measurements were found significantly larger (mean difference = 0.4–3.7 mm) and more varied (ratio of SDs =1.01–1.55) than those of Caucasians in most of ear dimensions. The average ear length and ear breadth of male were significantly longer ( = 1.3–7.0 mm) and wider ( = 0.8–3.0 mm) than those of female. Use of gender- and ethnicity-composite ear data is recommended in product design due to the much larger intra-population variations (7.5–22.2 mm) than the corresponding inter-population variations.Practitioner Summary: The 3D ear measurements of Koreans and Caucasians were collected and compared with those of different ethnic populations. The distinct ear features of the populations identified in this study are applicable to ergonomic design of ear products with better fit and comfort.Abbreviations: CCW: cavum concha width; CV: coefficient of variation; EB: ear breadth; EL: ear length; SD: standard deviation; SE: sampling error; 3D: 3 dimensional

Facial ageing in South African adult males

Knowledge of facial ageing is important in forensic facial approximation and photo identification. Previous studies mostly investigated facial ageing in European faces, and this research therefore aims to provide data on patterns of facial ageing in an African sample. One hundred eighty-nine black South African males aged 20 years and older were photographed in anterior and lateral views. Facial images were captured in a consistent position by using a Canon EOS 1300D camera and 18- to 55-mm EFS lens. Thirty individuals per decade were included, with the 80+ age category being limited to only nine participants. A facial ageing scoring system, based on previous research, was constructed for non-metric age changes such as appearance of wrinkles and sagging around the orbital area. Metric age changes such as ear lengthening and lip thinning were investigated separately. Results indicate that the ageing process in black South Africans has both similarities and differences to senescence described for European populations. Although most ageing features showed unidirectional change during time, these changes often occurred at a variable rate. Some features did not show a clear change with increasing age – these include mouth width increase, nasal elongation, nasal tip dropping, ear width increase and ear length increase. In addition to the age-feature correlations, an average face per decade was developed using Abrosoft FantaMorph Deluxe software. This provides a visual approximation of male South African faces captured at a single moment in time, as an aid for craniofacial depictions and facial image ageing in forensic practise.

Facial Distances and Possible Risk of High Blood Pressure: The Analyses of Young and Middle‐ Aged Adult Populations of Northern Nigeria

The objectives of the study were to determine the relationship between the facial distances and blood pressure across different age groups of young adults and middle‐aged population in males and females of northern Nigeria. Secondly, to determine the best facial predictors and discriminators of the blood pressure in the study population. Participants included 397 males and 159 females of northern of Nigeria with mean age of 25.37± 7.78 years. The facial distances were measured using direct anthropometry and blood pressure was determined using standard protocols. Pearson's correlation, step–wise multiple linear regression and receiver operating characteristic curve were employed to analyze the data. Measurements of blood pressure were in mmHg, age in years, bmi in kg/m2 and the remaining facial distances in mm. It was observed that no significant correlation between the facial distances and blood pressure (BP) in younger adult males and females except for lower facial height (LFH) and diastolic BP in males. Above the age of 30 years, significant correlation was noticed between the right ear width (EW), left EW, head length (HL) with both systolic and diastolic BP. The nasal length (NL) and nasal width (NW) correlated significantly with systolic and diastolic BP respectively in males only. For females, bizygomatic distance (BD) correlated only with systolic BP. The best predictors of systolic BP were left EW and HL in males and females respectively, while the best predictors of diastolic BP were left EW and right EW in males and females respectively. LFH was found to predict only the systolic blood pressure component in younger male adults. The best discriminating potential of facial distances with regard to abnormal blood pressure was only observed in the middle‐aged population. In both sexes right EW and left EW had more than 80% discriminating ability of abnormal BP (area under curve > 0.80). However, head width (HW) and HL had more than 80% discriminating ability of abnormal BP in males and females respectively. In conclusion, a significant correlation was observed between the facial distances and BP in middle‐ aged adult population. The facial soft tissue gave best predictors and discriminator in both sexes.Support or Funding InformationNoneThis abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.

Anthropometric growth study of the ear in a Chinese population

A large number of anthropometric studies of the auricle have been reported in different nations, but little data were available in the Chinese population. The aim of this study was to analyze growth changes in the ear by measuring the width and length of ears in a Chinese population. A total of 480 participants were enrolled and classified into 1-, 3-, 5-, 7-, 9-, 12-, 14-, and 18-year groups (half were boys and half were girls in each group). Ear length, ear width, body weight, and body length were measured and recorded; ear index was calculated according to ear length and ear width. The growth of auricle and differences between genders were analyzed. Growth of ear in relation to body height and weight and the degree of emphasis on the length and width of the auricle were also analyzed. Ear length and width increased with age. Ear length achieved its mature size in both 14-year-old males and females. Ear width reached its mature size in males at 7 years and in females at 5 years. Different trends of ear index were shown between males and females. People in this population paid more attention to the length than the width of the auricle. The data indicated that ear development followed increase in age. There were gender and ethnic difference in the development of ear. These results may have potential implications for the diagnosis of congenital malformations, syndromes, and planning of ear reconstruction surgery.

Prediction of body weight from linear body measurements in sheep

Measurements of body conformation in sheep are of value in judging the quantitative characteristics of meat and also helpful in developing suitable selection criterion. Data on 349 Harnali sheep for body length (BL), body height (BH), heart girth (HG), paunch girth (PG), tail length (TL), head circumference (HC), ear length (EL), ear width (EW), face length (FL) and adult body weight (ABW) were analysed to study the relationship between linear body measurements and body weight. The mixed linear model with dam’s weight at lambing as covariate was used to study the effect of non-genetic factors on body measurements and body weight. High estimates of heritability were obtained for BL, BH, HG, TL, HC, EL, EW, FL and ABW while moderate estimate was obtained for PG. The phenotypic correlations of BL, BH, HG, PG, HC and FL with ABW were positive and significant (0.32±0.04 to 0.59±0.08). The genetic correlations of HG, PG, HC and FL with ABW were 0.51±0.13, 0.42±0.19, 0.44±0.13 and 0.43±0.15, respectively. Various combinations of linear type traits to predict ABW were found to have coefficient of determination as high as 0.92. It is concluded that heart girth is the most important trait for estimation of live weight in sheep and the prediction equation is Body weight = -63.72 + 1.23 HG with R2 = 0.87.

A Morphometric Study of the Newborn Ear and an Analysis of Factors Related to Congenital Auricular Deformities.

The incidence of neonatal ear deformities varies widely in the literature, and the incidence of those that correct spontaneously is largely unknown. To address these questions, the authors analyzed the auricles of 1500 newborns from the Pearl River Delta within the first 7 days of life and again at 30 days of age. Using a combination of direct measurement and digital image measurement, the authors measured physiognomic ear length, physiognomic ear breadth, morphologic ear length, vertical distance between head and ear, and auriculocephalic angle of the newborns. The first measurement was within 1 week of birth, whereas the second measurement was performed for the same newborns 1 month after birth. Among 1500 newborns, 862 had various forms of auricular deformities. The incidence of neonatal auricular deformity in the Pearl River Delta area was 57.46 percent, and the self-healing rate was 31.55 percent by the 30-day follow-up. Seven factors were found to be statistically significant: mother's delivery situation, mother's hepatitis history, abnormal pregnancy, abnormal labor, cephalopelvic disproportion, premature rupture of membranes, and neonatal weight. Birth by cesarean delivery and mother with no abnormal pregnancy or no history of hepatitis were protective factors against the newborn's auricular deformity. Newborns have a high incidence of auricular deformities, and different types of auricular deformities have distinct incidences. Auricular deformities are caused by the interactions of a number of factors. There were large differences in the self-healing rates of different types of auricular deformities. Risk, II.

Morphometric determination of healthy young female's auricles

Objective To investigate auricle index difference in Henan residents, and to provide an additional reference for otoplasty. Methods Subjects were made up 266 healthy young of Henan residents. Their height, weight, total head height, maximum head length, maximum head breadth, vertex to tragion height, physiognomic ear breadth, morphological ear breadth, physiognomic ear length and morphological ear length were measured and calculated. All the data were analyzed by SPSS 15.0 software. Results We obtained the means, standard deviation of each items, and data were treated statistically. Height (162.9±4.1) ㎝, weight (55.3±6.5) ㎏, total head height (18.6±1.0) ㎝, maximum head length (17.0±0.7) ㎝, maximum head breadth (14.1±0.8) ㎝, vertex to tragion height (11.9±0.7) ㎝, physiognomic ear length (6.2±0.4) ㎝, morphological ear breadth (4.9±0.6) ㎝, physiognomic ear breadth (3.3±0.3) ㎝ and morphological ear length (2.9±0.3) ㎝ were determined. The differences among the indices mentioned above were of statistical significance (P 0.05). Conclusions Subjects of different height and weight have different total head height; hence, the indices are related to body height and weight. Subjects of different height have different vertex to tragion height, length-height index of the head and breadth-height index of the head. This study has certain reference values on analyzing the characteristics of the human and auricle cosmetology of henan young females. Key words: Female; Auricle; Measurement

Collection, evaluation and phenotypic diversity assessment of maize (Zea mays) germplasm from North Eastern Himalayan region

Primitive landraces and traditional cultivars of maize (Zea mays L.) are invaluable resources for the humankind. These need to be collected, evaluated, conserved and utilized for increasing agricultural production and quality enhancement. Based on extensive survey, 75 diverse maize accessions were collected from Nagaland and Manipur states of the North Eastern Himalayan region. These collections were evaluated under two different agro-ecological regions, New Delhi and Shillong during kharif 2012 and 2013 using 12 quantitative variables. There was significant morphological variability among the accessions. Trait specific cultivars were identified based on exploration related knowledge and phenotypic valuation. The cluster analysis was performed to assess the variation among genotypes and grouped them into five clusters based on phenotypic traits. The principal component analysis (PCA) was subjected to quantitative datasets to group the accessions and to study contribution of traits for phenotypic variation. The first two principal components explained more than 50% of the phenotypic variation. Plant height, ear height, grain yield, ear width, number of kernel rows and number of kernels per row were major contributing traits towards phenotypic diversity. The different groups obtained can be useful for deriving the inbred lines with diverse features and diversifying the heterotic pools.

Strain characterization of West African Dwarf Goats of Ogun State I

Characterization of West African Dwarf goat is an approach to a sustainable use of its great potentials. In this study, strains of WAD goat were characterized using linear body measurement. The WAD goat included the gold (brown), black, buckskin and chaimose of ages 1, 2, 3 and 4 years,raised under extensive system of management. The quantitative traits measured included the face length (FaL), ear length (EL), ear width (EW), fore limb length (FL), hind limb length (HL), tail length (TL), height at wither (HW), hip width (HpW), body length (BL) and live weight (LW) of the animal. Attainment of highest live weight with age varied in this goat. At age 3 years, the chaimose (16.67 ± 3.35kg) was superior in live weight to the gold (14.88 ± 3.73kg).At age 4 years, the buckskin (19.23 ± 6.83kg) was superior in live weight to the black (16.69 + 7.79kg). At age 3 years, FL, HL, HW and HpW was 10.39 ± 0.57 inches, 11.43 ± 0.55 inches, 16.91 ± 0.89 inches, 5.42 ± 1.01 inches respectively in chaimose WAD goat. At age 4 years, FL, HL, HW, HpW was 9.89 ± 2.29 inches, 10.97 ± 2.49 inches, 16.8 ± 3.95 inches, 5.60 ± 1.53 inches respectively in buckskin WAD goat. Live weight was positive and highly significantly correlated (P<0.05) with all body parameters in the male and female goats. Highest correlation (P<0.05) between live weight and body parameters were HG (r = 0.913) and BL (r=0.909) in the male chaimose, HpW (r = 0.903) and HG (r = 0.894) in the female chaimose, HL (r = 0.710) and FL (r = 0.689) in the male buckskin, HpW (r= 909) and HG (r = 0.859) in the female buckskin. Chaimose and buckskin could be selected for an improvement programme because they exhibited superiority in most traits.Keywords: strain, live weight, male, female, chaimose, buckskin

"Karakterisasi Morfometrik dan Jarak Genetik Rumpun-Rumpun Kelinci di Jawa Barat (MORPHOMETRIC CHARACTERIZATION AND GENETIC DISTANCE OF RABBIT BREEDS IN WEST JAVA) "

The objectives of this study were to assess morphometric characteristics, breeds relationship andvariables that distinguished among breeds of rabbits raised in West Java. This research used 419 rabbitsconsisted of Angora (AG), Dutch (DT), Flemish Giant (FG), Lop (LP), Netherland Dwarf (ND), Composite(PX), Rex (RX), Satin (ST), Reza (XA) and New Zealand White (ZW). Head length (PK), head width (LK), earlength (PTL), ear width (LTL), chest width (LD), chest depth (DD), chest circumference (LKD), body length(PB ), hips width (LP), length of the scapula bone (PS), humerus length (PH), radius-ulna length (PRU),femur length (PF) and tibia length (PT) were observed. Data were analyzed with analysis of variance,discriminant and canonical analysis using SAS program ver. 9.1.3 and MEGA5 program to get theconstruction of phenogram tree. FG and ST rabbits were generally larger in size and shape than the otherrabbits breeds, while ND rabbit had the smallest morphological size than other rabbits breeds, except forLK, LD and DD. Results of discriminant analysis showed that LP, RX, ND and XA had a high similarityvalue, otherwise DT, FG, ST, PX, AG and ZW had no the value. The closest genetic distance matrix valueindicated by PX-ZW breeds (1,53) and the farthest genetic distance indicated by FG-ND breeds (6,62).Phenogram tree construction showed that the breeds rabbits divided into five clusters, namely cluster ND,DT; ST clusters; FG cluster; cluster LP, PX, ZW and cluster AG, XA, RX. Phenotypic size that had stronginfluence on the differentiation of rabbit breeds were PTL, LTL, PRU, PH and PF on the canonical 1 alsoPT and PS on canonical 2.

Morphometric characterization of Katjang goat of Malaysia

Morphometric characterization of Katjang goat in Malaysia is important for conservation and for further genetic improvement. With this idea in view the present study was carried out to characterize the morphometry and to estimate the relationship among the important morphometric traits of indigenous Katjang goat. The study was conducted at the Faculty of Sustainable Agriculture (FSA), surrounding area of FSA Sandakan, Sabah and Batu Pahat, Johor in Malaysia. Characteristics of body weight (BW), body length (BL), heart girth (HG), wither height (WH), hip height (HH), fore leg length (FLL), hind leg length (HLL), head length (HeL), head width (HW), ear length(EL), ear breadth (EB), tail length (TL), scrotal length (SL) and scrotal circumference (SC) were gathered. In a single parameter as body weight of Katjang bucks at below 1 year, 1-2 year and > 2 years ages were recorded to be 7.41 ± 0.27, 14.20±0.20 and25.83 ± 0.99 kg, respectively. On the hand, body weight of Katjang does at 1-2 year and > 2 years ages were observed to be 12.41 ± 0.41 and 23.65±0.87 kg, respectively. In both sexes, head length, head width, tail length, ear length, ear breath, body weight, body length, hearth girth, wither height, leg length, hip height increases with the increment of the age of goat. On the other hand, all the parameters contemplated found comparatively higher in bucks than that of does. Strong positive correlation was observed between scrotal length and scrotal circumference in Katjang bucks.Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2016. 45 (3): 17-24

Variation of facial features among three African populations: Body height match analyses

Body height is one of the variables that show a correlation with facial craniometry. Here we seek to discriminate the three populations (Nigerians, Ugandans and Kenyans) using facial craniometry based on different categories of body height of adult males. A total of 513 individuals comprising 234 Nigerians, 169 Ugandans and 110 Kenyans with mean age of 25.27, s=5.13 (18–40 years) participated. Paired and unpaired facial features were measured using direct craniometry. Multivariate and stepwise discriminate function analyses were used for differentiation of the three populations. The result showed significant overall facial differences among the three populations in all the body height categories. Skull height, total facial height, outer canthal distance, exophthalmometry, right ear width and nasal length were significantly different among the three different populations irrespective of body height categories. Other variables were sensitive to body height. Stepwise discriminant function analyses included maximum of six variables for better discrimination between the three populations. The single best discriminator of the groups was total facial height, however, for body height >1.70m the single best discriminator was nasal length. Most of the variables were better used with function 1, hence, better discrimination than function 2. In conclusion, adult body height in addition to other factors such as age, sex, and ethnicity should be considered in making decision on facial craniometry. However, not all the facial linear dimensions were sensitive to body height.

Ear length and kidney function decline after kidney donation.

The preservation of kidney function after kidney donation depends on the kidney reserve - the potential of the remaining kidney to boost their function after loss of the other kidney. In Traditional Chinese Medicine, size and shape of the external ears are examined to evaluate the person's kidney health. We hypothesized that ear size might be a practical yet overlooked marker of kidney reserve. Fifty kidney transplantation donors were participated in this study. The length and width of both ears of all participants were measured during one of the post-donation visits. Pre-donation serum creatinine and post-donation serum creatinine as well as other relevant parameters (age, sex, weight, height, etc.) of the participants were extracted from medical records. The estimated GFR was calculated from serum creatinine, age and sex using the CKD-EPI equation. Ear length negatively associated with %GFR decline after kidney donation. For every 1 cm increase in ear length, it was associated with 5.7% less GFR decline after kidney donation (95% Confidence Interval 0.2 to 11.3, P = 0.04). Ear width, as well as age, sex, body weight, height, body mass index, and pre-donation eGFR did not significantly associate with the GFR decline. Our findings support the notion of Traditional Chinese Medicine that ear morphology may be associated with kidney health and suggest that ear length might be a useful predictor of kidney function decline after kidney donation.

Allometric coefficients for body measures and morphometric indexes in a meat-type sheep breed

With the aim to find indirect parameters for meat production that potentially could be used for selective purposes in Cornigliese sheep breed, 368 animals were weighed and measured (16 linear measures) during two years in 4 flocks with pasture and open range management from spring to autumn and closed facilities during winter. An amount of 0.2–0.4kg/head/day of the same concentrate was provided to growing lambs from weaning to slaughter and to lactating ewes. Thirteen morphologic indexes were then calculated from body weight (BW) and linear measures. Analysis of variance on the basis of general linear model procedure was conducted with sex, age-class, year of birth, flock, type of lambing and interaction of sex*age-class as fixed factors and individual as a random factor. The allometric function was applied to body measures and indexes in relation to BW. A positive allometry was recorded for croup width between the trochanters (CrW1: 0.381), at ileum (CrW2: 0.452) and at ischium (CrW3: 0.615), indicating that this region has the fastest growth in relation to BW. All other body measures showed isometry or negative allometry, indicating a slower development in relation to BW. The lowest common allometric coefficient was recorded for front shank circumference (FSC) (0.131) followed by head width (0.200). Among indexes, the lowest growth was recorded by dactyl-thoracic index, due to the slow development of FSC. Sex related differences in allometric coefficients were noted for height at withers and head length (P<0.05), FSC and forehead width (P<0.01) with males earlier than females, and for chest width, chest depth, CrW1 (P<0.05), CrW3 and ear width (P<0.01) with females earlier than males. In conclusion the study of the allometric function applied to body measures and indexes was able to assess the importance of the croup width, not only in females (functional to an early and easy lambing) but also in males (functional to meat production).

Head and tail morphology of Pelibuey, Katahdin and Blackbelly rams in Colima, México

Veterinaria Mexico OA ISSN: 2448-6760 Cite this as: Macedo Barragan RJ, Arredondo Ruiz V, Cervantes Lechuga A. Head and tail morphology of Pelibuey, Katahdin and Blackbelly rams in Colima, Mexico. Veterinaria Mexico OA. 2016;3(3). doi: 10.21753/vmoa.3.3.375 A study was conducted with the objective of characterizing, comparing and analyzing the cephalic and caudal morphologies of Pelibuey, Katahdin and Blackbelly rams in the state of Colima, Mexico. A total of 53 rams, up to 2 years of age were scored for the following12 cephalic and caudal measurements: cranial width, cranial length, head width, head length, head depth, face width, face length, ear width, ear length, tail length, tail width at the joint and tail width at the tip. Katahdin rams had a significantly greater cranial width, head width and tail at the tip width than Pelibuey and Blackbelly rams (P ≤ 0.02). The tail width at the joint was greater in Katahdin rams than in Pelibuey rams (P = 0.01), and Blackbelly rams have intermediate values. Canonical analysis identified two significant canonical variables, CAN1 and CAN2, which accounted for 92% and 8% of the total variation, respectively. Katahdin rams were separated from Pelibuey and Blackbelly rams by the tail width the tip, while the head length and tail width at the joint differentiated the Pelibuey and Blackbelly rams. All Katahdin rams were correctly assigned within their breed group, while most Pelibuey rams (58.60%) were erroneously grouped as Blackbelly. Likewise, a significant proportion of the Blackbelly rams (40%) were misclassified as Pelibuey. Although Pelibuey, Blackbelly and Katahdin rams meet the standards of their respective breeds, phenotypic characterization using canonical discriminant analysis demonstrated the existence of a high degree of crossbreeding among these breeds and showed that the head length, tail width at the tip and tail width at the joint were the most discriminating variables for identifying and separating the three sheep breeds. Figure 1. Cephalic and caudal measurements: HL = head length, HW = head width, HD = head depth, CL = cranial length, CW = cranial width, FL = face length, FW = face width, EL = ear length, EW = ear width, TL = tail length, TWJ = tail width at the joint, TWT = tail width at the tip

Pendugaan Jarak Genetik Kelinci (Hyla, Hycole, Hycolex NZW, Rex, dan Satin) Melalui Analisis Morfometrik (ESTIMATION OF RABBIT GENETIC DISTANCE (HYLA, HYCOLE, HYCOLEXNZW, NZW, REX AND SATIN) THROUGH MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS)

The observation on morphological body conformation of Hyla (CC), Hycole (FF), HycolexNZW (FN),New Zealand White (NN), Rex (RR), and Satin (SS) were carried out to determine estimation of mahalanobisgenetic distance. This research was held in Ciawi Bogor Livestock Research Institute (Balai PenelitianTernak Ciawi, Bogor) which 95 head of male rabbits were used. Fourteen different body parts measuredwere head (length, width, and height), ear (length and width), chest (depth, girth, and width), scapulalength, ulna length, femur length, tibia length, body length, and hips wide. CC, FF, FN, and NN rabbits hadbigger morphological size than RR and SS rabbits. Mahalanobis genetic distance showed that geneticdistance of FF and SS rabbits was the biggest (4.36). Result of canonical analysis showed that the mostdiscriminate variables were obtained by head width, ear length, ulna length, tibia length, body length, andhips wide for first canonical. The conclusion of this study that Rex and Satin rabbits were have differentgenetic distance with Hyla, Hycole, HycolexNZW and NZW rabbits.

A Study of Auricle Morphology for Identification in Indians

Background: External ear is a significant feature for human face identification. Its size, shape and spatial location on human face are vital from aesthetic point of view. The knowledge of morphometry of normal human auricle and its symmetry is also required for the surgical resection. Aim: The aim of the current study was to estimate the morphometry of external ear and its anatomical landmarks with respect of identification. Methods: In the current, morphometric, cross sectional study was done on 400 Indian students (males = 200 and females = 200) of Teerthanker Mahaveer Medical College and Research Centre.The parameters was analysed by using camera and adobe Photoshop software (version 7.0). The data was statistically analyzed by using student’s t test. p <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: In our cohort, all parameters were higher in males except left lobular width, which was higher in females. The mean observation of the right and left ear length of males were 4.61± 0.41 cm, 4.54± 0.44 cm respectively, while in females were 3.68± 0.42 cm, 3.67±0.54 cm respectively. The mean value of the right and left ear width of males were 3.17±0.37 cm, 3.03±0.47 cm respectively, and while in females 2.57 ± 0.32 cm, 2.55±0.41 cm respectively. The mean value of the left right and left lobular length of males were 1.56±0.12 cm, 1.50± 0.19 cm and in females were 1.09± 0.13 cm, 1.08±0.13 cm respectively. The mean values of the right and left lobular width of males were 1.58± 0.26 cm, 1.51± 0.37 cm and in females were 1.53± 0.35 cm, 1.53±0.35 cm respectively. Free lobule = 88.5% and the attach lobule = 11.5% respectively. Conclusion: This study makes possible the identification of an individual such as race, sex and age whose identity is unknown. Medico legally it is considerable parameter for forensic investigation to optimize the crime.