Dysplastic Process Research Articles

Expression of CLLD7 and CHC1L Proteins in Oral Epithelial Dysplasia in a Group of Thai Patients.

Previous study showed aberrant CLLD7 and CHC1L protein expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) compared to normal oral mucosa (NOM). This study aimed to evaluate the expression of these proteins in oral epithelial dysplasia (OED). Forty specimens of OED and 11 NOM were used. The expression of CLLD7 and CHC1L was determined by immunohistochemistry. In each case, at least 1000 cells were counted. Presence of nuclear, cytoplasmic, and/or membrane staining of CLLD7 and CHC1L were considered positive. Percentages of total positive cells and positive cells at different locations were recorded. SPSS version 18 was used to compare variation between groups with statistical significance at p<0.05. No significant differences in the percentages of total positive cells of CLLD7 and CHC1L were found between NOM and all grades of OED. Nevertheless, there were significant differences in subcellular staining of these two proteins. In CLLD7, the nuclear staining of the moderate and the severe OED groups was significantly lower than that of the NOM group (p<0.05). The percentages of membrane staining of CHC1L in moderate and severe OED were significantly higher than that of NOM (p<0.001). In addition, the nuclear staining of CHC1L in each grade of OED was significantly lower than that of NOM (p<0.05). The subcellular mislocalization of CLLD7 and CHC1L in OED suggests that the expression of these potential tumor suppressor proteins might be dysregulated during the dysplastic process. The distinct membrane staining of CHC1L observed in OED but not in NOM is a useful characteristic that can be used to separate OED from NOM. Thus, CHC1L may be a good marker to assist in the diagnosis of OED.

Role of monocytes in the development of psychovegetative disorders in young people with undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia

Background:The immune system plays an important role in the development of neuropathology. Dysfunction of monocytes/macrophages can contribute to environmental health and the development of neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases. Two subpopulations of monocytes are distinguished, namely, anti-inflammatory and activated pro-inflammatory monocytes, producing cytokines interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, IL-2, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, which are involved in immune inflammation in mental diseases. Violations of cellular, phagocytic, and/or humoral immunity are often found in patients with undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia (UCTD). Monocytes are assumed to be involved in the development of psychovegetative disorders in patients and connective tissue insufficiency. Aim:To study the relationship between the number of monocytes and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α) in the peripheral blood with possible non-psychotic diseases and autonomic dysfunction syndrome in UCTD in young people. Materials and methods:We examined 95 people aged 18–22 years. Neuropsychological examination, general clinical blood tests, pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α), markers of neurodegeneration (neuron-specific enolase) and cerebral ischemia (antibodies to NR2) were sent. Results:An increase in the absolute monocyte count in the peripheral blood is accompanied by a lesser severity of psychovegetative, ischemic, and neurodegenerative cases. An inverse correlation was found between the level of monocytes in the peripheral blood and the number of UCTD indicators, a direct correlation between UCTD and autonomic dysfunction syndrome (ADS), asthenic condition, personal anxiety, depression, neurosis, Internet addiction, and headache research index for everyday life. Severe UCTD leads to a change in the proportion of monocytes in the use of the pro-inflammatory subpopulation, which is probably one of the reasons for the numerous non-psychotic diseases and autonomic nervous system diseases in these patients. Conclusion:An increase in the pro-inflammatory monocyte count in severe UCTD plays an important role in the development of psychovegetative disorders. The correction of the dysplastic process can become an important role in the prevention and detection of various neurological and non-psychotic diseases, such as ADS and anxiety–depressive syndrome in young people.

Prevalence and severity of Bertolottis syndrome in Malaysia: A common under diagnosis.

Bertolotti's syndrome (BS) is defined as the presence of low back pain (LBP), radiculopathy or both with a dysplastic transverse process (TP) of the fifth lumbar vertebra that is articulated or fused with the sacral base or iliac crest. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and severity of BS to promote awareness of this disease. A retrospective review of anteroposterior lumbosacral plain radiographs was conducted between 1 January and 31 December 2017. Patients were recruited via systematic randomised sampling and were then interviewed and examined. The severity of BS was measured objectively using the numerical pain rating scale (NPRS) and Oswestry disability questionnaire (ODQ). Data were analysed using IBM SPSS for Windows version 22. The prevalence of BS was 9.6% (16/166). Age significantly affected the severity of BS. The older and younger groups had a mean ODQ score of 42.86% and 24.08%, respectively (P=0.006). There was no significant relationship found between the prevalence of BS and age (P=0.126). Only one patient was diagnosed with BS during medical consultation. The mean NPRS score was 5.5. The majority of the BS cases were of moderate severity (43.8%), followed by those of minimal severity (31.2%) and severe disability (25%). Early diagnosis of BS and orthopaedic referral are crucial to halt its progression. BS should be considered in patients presenting with LBP during assessments of lumbosacral radiographs.

Florid cemento-osseous dysplasia associated with multiple impacted teeth in a Japanese female

Rationale: Florid cemento-osseous dysplasia (FCOD) is a rare, benign, multifocal fibro-osseous dysplastic process affecting the tooth-bearing areas of the jaw. Although FCOD is often symmetrically located in various regions of the jaw, cases associated with impacted teeth are very rare. FCOD most commonly affects females in the fourth and fifth decades of life, and is seen less frequently in Asian populations. Patient concerns: A 39-year-old Japanese female was referred to our department with dull pain in region 28. Intraoral examination revealed that all third molars were completely impacted. Imaging findings revealed multiple periapical sclerotic areas surrounded by radiolucent zones in regions 28, 38, and 48. Diagnosis: Histological appearance was compatible with a diagnosis of FCOD. Interventions: Under general anesthesia, we performed the extraction of the lesions with the impacted third molars. The lesions were gritty and reddish brown, continuous to the roots of 28, 38, and 48. Outcomes: The patient had no complications during the 2-year follow-up period. Lessons: Although FCOD has sex and racial ubiquity, it may occur in the opposite sex and other races. Appropriate treatment should be selected depending on the presence or absence of symptoms.

Evolution of structural and functional changes in the lumbar segment in dysplastic diseases of the spine

Structural and functional changes of the lumbar segments in dysplastic spine diseases are considered as a continuous dysplastic dystrophic process. The background of this process is a structural abnormality of the spine segment. Destructive effect of external factors (e.c. loading) results in the adaptative remodeling, development of compensatory accommodative reactions followed by their exhaustion and decompensation with corresponding clinical manifestations.

МОРФОЛОГІЧНІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ТА АЕРОБНА ПРОДУКТИВНІСТЬ У ФУТБОЛІСТІВ З ГІПЕРМОБІЛЬНІСТЮ СУГЛОБІВ

Інтенсифікація фізичних навантажень у сучасному футболі вимагає від спортсменів розвитку високого рівня загальної, швидкісної і спеціальної витривалості. При побудові тренувально-змагальних навантажень у футболі особливий інтерес з боку тренерів та лікарів викликають спортсмени з ознаками дисплазії сполучної тканини, одним з частих проявів якої є гіпермобільність суглобів. Системність залучення сполучної тканини у диспластичний процес при гіпермобільності суглобів може вплинути на розвиток фізичних якостей, фізичної підготовленості, рівень функціонального стану та аеробної продуктивності і може бути причиною негативного спортивного результату. Не врахування особливостей таких спортсменів може бути причиною виникнення гострого фізичного перенапруження. Метою даної роботи було встановлення морфологічних особливостей та рівня аеробної продуктивності у футболістів з ознаками гіпермобільності суглобів. Для виконання поставленої мети було проведено аналіз даних 46 футболістів високого класу збірної Азербайджану з футболу віком від 16 до 34 років. Визначення морфометричних показників проводилось антропометрією, склад тіла оцінювався імпедансометрією, клінічні ознаки гіпермобільності суглобів діагностувались за критеріями Р. Beighton, оцінка аеробної продуктивності проводилась прямим газоаналізом дозованого фізичного навантаження на велоергометрі. За результатами дослідження рівня гіпермобільності суглобів було встановлено, що 56,5% футболістів мали нормальну рухливість , 30,4% – помірну та 13,0% – значну гіпермобільність. У футболістів із значною гіпермобільністю суглобів рівень аеробної продуктивності був найменшим і становив 53,3±2,5 мл/хв/кг і найбільшим (59,5±1,2 мл/хв/кг)- у групі з нормальною рухливістю суглобів . Досліджуючи динаміку величини максимального споживання кисню в групах було встановлено статистично значиме зменшення її величини зі збільшенням ступеню гіпермобільності (р&lt;0,05). Так, у групі з нормальною рухливістю приріст VO2 max становив 5,3±0,2 мл/хв/кг, в групі з помірною гіпермобільністю – 3,7±0,2 мл/хв/кг та в групі зі значною гіпермобільністю – 1,7±0,2 мл/хв/кг. Дослідження складу тіла в групах, розподілених за рівнем гіпермобільності суглобів, встановило, що найнижчим рівень загальної води був в групі з вираженою гіпермобільністю (р&lt;0,05). Така динаміка відбувалась за рахунок зменшення рівня зовнішньоклітинної рідини, що може свідчити про порушення процесів обміну саме у міжклітинному матриксі. Встановлено статистично значиме зменшення рівня максимального споживання кисню зі збільшенням ступеню гіпермобільності суглобів. Доведено різницю у відповіді функціональних систем організму футболістів під час тренування загальної витривалості. Встановлення зв’язків між показниками складу тіла та величиною максимального споживання кисню може бути основою для регулювання тренувально-змагальних навантажень та для спортивного відбору.

MALOCCLUSION AND DENTAL GROWTH DISORDERS: DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA OR CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF HEREDITARY CONNECTIVE TISSUE DISORDERS?

Currently, hereditary connective tissue disorders (HCTD) are divided into hereditary syndromes - rare diseases that are diagnosed according to internationally agreed criteria (Marfan, Ehlers-Danlos, Stickler, Loeys-Dietz syndromes, and others), and a number of dysplastic phenotypes (marfanoid habitus, marfan-like and Ehlers-like phenotypes, benign joint hypermobility). The involvement of the bone system in the dysplastic process is typical for most HCTD. The bone signs of dysembriogenesis include malocclusion and dental growth disorders. The article presents an overview of current recommendations for a number of HCTD, assesses the role of facial signs of dysembriogenesis in the diagnostic algorithms for these diseases. A rather low prognostic value of such signs as malocclusion and dental growth disorders in the detection of hereditary syndromes and dysplastic phenotypes is shown. The clinical manifestations of HCTD in the maxillofacial region are analyzed - the frequent detection of different types of the malocclusion and dental growth disorders in HCTD is demonstrated. The difficulties of orthodontic treatment of patients with hereditary syndromes are substantiated.

ПОЛОВОЗРАСТНАЯ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА СКОРОСТИ ФИЗИЧЕСКОГО РАЗВИТИЯ ДЕТЕЙ СЕВЕРНОГО РЕГИОНА С УСТАНОВЛЕННОЙ НЕДИФФЕРЕНЦИРОВАННОЙ ДИСПЛАЗИЕЙ СОЕДИНИТЕЛЬНОЙ ТКАНИ

The tempo characteristic of the physical development of children demonstrates the state of health of the younger generation, refl ecting the standard of living of the population in various climatic and ecological zones, as well as the infl uence of environmental factors. In view of the high prevalence of undiff erentiated forms of connective tissue dysplasia among the child population of the KhMAO – Yugra, it is necessary to study the infl uence of the dysplastic process on the processes of ontogenesis and organogenesis

Small heart anomalies as cardiac manifestations of hereditary connective tissue disorders

Introduction. Small heart anomalies (SHA) are the morphological basis for functional changes in cardiac activity and can exacerbate the course of organic heart lesions. The most studied SHA include false chords of the left ventricle (FCLV) and mitral valve prolapse. Prevalence, association with external signs of dysembryogenesis, as well as the predictive value of SHA are not sufficiently studied.&#x0D; Materials and methods. We examined 611 people between the ages of 18 and 23 (average age 20.3 1.6 years), including 257 boys and 354 girls. All of the surveyed performed phenotypic, anthropometric and echocardiographic examinations. To identify the SHA links to heart rhythm disorders, the 205 surveyed performed Holters ECG monitoring.&#x0D; Results. SHA identified in 90% of the individuals surveyed: atrial septum aneurysm (24%), tricuspid valve prolapse (23.4%), asymmetry of the aortic valve (20.6%), additional papillary muscles (39.4%) and FCLV (75,1%). Correlation analysis showed the presence of links between these SHA and bone signs of dysembryogenesis (chest deformities, arachnodactyllia, dolistennomely and high palate), as well as heart rhythm disorders (supraventricular and ventricular extrasystoles, rhythm driver migration and episodes of AV-blockade 1 degree). Patients with marfanoid habitus have a higher average number of SHA (2.1 1.4 vs 0.9 0.7, p 0.005).&#x0D; Conclusions. SHA are identified in the vast majority of healthy people. Bone signs of dysembryogenesis are associated with significant SHA and can serve as a marker for the involvement of the heart in the dysplastic process. Patients with SHA have significant cardiac arrhythmias.

Viruses in Cancers of the Digestive System: Active Contributors or Idle Bystanders?

The human virome, which is a collection of all the viruses that are present in the human body, is increasingly being recognized as an essential part of the human microbiota. The human gastrointestinal tract and related organs (e.g., liver, pancreas, and gallbladder)—composing the gastrointestinal (or digestive) system—contain a huge number of viral particles which contribute to maintaining tissue homeostasis and keeping our body healthy. However, perturbations of the virome steady-state may, both directly and indirectly, ignite/sustain oncogenic mechanisms contributing to the initiation of a dysplastic process and/or cancer progression. In this review, we summarize and discuss the available evidence on the association and role of viruses in the development of cancers of the digestive system.

Особливості клініко-рентгенологічного перебігу різних форм фіброзної дисплазії

The aim of the study: to improve the diagnosis of forms of fibrous dysplasia by investigating clinical and radiological features, depending on the disease form, age and sex of the patient. Materials and methods. The research was conducted by analyzing results of examination and treatment of 80 patients with different forms of fibrous dysplasia at Kyiv Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics by NAMS of Ukraine from 2000 to 2019. The diagnosis was made on the basis of studying features of the medical history of the disease, its clinical course and radiological examination method. There were 56 patients with monoosal disorder, 14 with polyosal, and 10 with Albright syndrome. Clinical-radiological method of the research was used to clarify the diagnosis of the disease and to study features of the disease. The radiological examination was performed on the Multix UP in the department of functional diagnostics «ITO NAMSU» according to the standard technique in direct posterior and lateral projections with capture of adjacent joints. Localization, volume of lesion and condition of cortical layer at pathological dysplastic process of long bones of lower extremities were evaluated. Results . The article specifies clinical-radiological features revealed in various forms of fibrous dysplasia and shows that pathological fractures of the long bones and their deformation depend on the form of the disease, age and sex of patients. The incidence of pathological fractures of long bones of lower extremities was determined depending on the localization, form of the disease and sex of patients with different forms of fibrous dysplasia: femur – 72.3% (proximal part – 76.7%); tibia bones – 27.3% (diaphyseal part – 78.3%); it was found that the number of fractures was significantly greater (49.4%) with the monoosal form of fibrous dysplasia than with the polyosal form (30.1%, p<0.05) and Albright syndrome (20.5%, p<0,5); in males with monoosal form and Albright syndrome, the number of fractures was significantly greater (p<0.05) than in females. Conclusions . Features of the course of clinical and radiological manifestations depending on the form of the disease, age and sex of the patient have been covered in the article, which will allow reducing and eliminating diagnostic errors related to this pathology and create a basis for improvement of the system of orthopedic treatment of this nosology. The research was conducted in accordance with principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The research protocol was approved by institution’s Local Ethics Committee. Informed consent was obtained from parents of children (or their guardians) for the research.

PECULIARITIES OF THE COURSE AND TREATMENT OF GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE IN PATIENTS WITH SYNDROME OF UNDIFFERENTIATED CONNECTIVE TISSUE DYSPLASIA. (SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW)

PECULIARITIES OF THE COURSE AND TREATMENT OF GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE IN PATIENTS WITH SYNDROME OF UNDIFFERENTIATED CONNECTIVE TISSUE DYSPLASIA. (SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW)

Association of Dysplastic Coronoid Process with Long-Face Morphology

Vertical malocclusion is a developmental condition, resulting from complex interactions among multiple etiological factors during the growth period. As a tricky dentofacial deformity clinically, long-face (LF) morphology is characterized by excessive vertical facial growth with severe disarrangement of jaws and teeth. Since the improvement of LF patients on facial profile and occlusion is often difficult and lacks long-term stability, it becomes important to unravel the etiology of LF pattern formation for early prevention and treatment. In the current studies, we identified a transgenic mouse model that exhibited a dysplastic coronoid process and LF morphology. Although the mutant mice exhibited jaw structures and occlusion comparable to controls at birth, they all acquired typical LF morphology with anterior open bite during postnatal growth, resembling clinical features of the selected skeletal class III patients. Since the coronoid process provides an insertion site for the temporalis attachment, we examined the initial development and differentiation of the temporalis and found identical results in both control and mutant mice before E17.5 when the temporal muscle makes attachment to the coronoid process. However, thereafter, we observed altered orientation and reduced size of the cross-sectional area of the temporalis in mutant mice, which persisted to the weaning stage. Biomechanical analysis and simulation modeling further support the idea that altered morphology of the coronoid process may impair the efficiency of the vertical temporalis contraction and appears to correlate with LF formation. Consistently, we present evidence that a dysplastic mandibular coronoid process was also seen in some human patients with skeletal III LF morphology. Taken together, the results presented in this study establish an association of the craniofacial bony structures with vertical patterning, which will have implications in earlier prediction for clinical precaution and intervention.

Oral epithelial dysplasia: Classifications and clinical relevance in risk assessment of oral potentially malignant disorders.

After more than a decade, the World Health Organization (WHO) published the revised grading system for oral epithelial dysplasia in 2017. The revised classification has changes reflecting our evolution of understanding of the dysplastic process. Although the WHO 2017 three-tier grading system is the gold standard for histological diagnosis of oral potentially malignant disorders, it has certain limitations. Suggestions to overcome these limitations include the use of clinical determinants and molecular markers to supplement the grading system. It has also been suggested that a two-tier system may be more reproducible and clinically translatable for better management. These advances in the understanding of epithelial dysplasia are very important globally and for us in the Indian subcontinent, given the prevalence of habits (tobacco/areca nut) and burden of oral cancer in this part of the world. The following review traces the evolution of the grading system of dysplasia, its relevance and clinical utility.

A computational framework for the detection of subcortical brain dysmaturation in neonatal MRI using 3D Convolutional Neural Networks

Deep neural networks are increasingly being used in both supervised learning for classification tasks and unsupervised learning to derive complex patterns from the input data. However, the successful implementation of deep neural networks using neuroimaging datasets requires adequate sample size for training and well-defined signal intensity based structural differentiation. There is a lack of effective automated diagnostic tools for the reliable detection of brain dysmaturation in the neonatal period, related to small sample size and complex undifferentiated brain structures, despite both translational research and clinical importance. Volumetric information alone is insufficient for diagnosis. In this study, we developed a computational framework for the automated classification of brain dysmaturation from neonatal MRI, by combining a specific deep neural network implementation with neonatal structural brain segmentation as a method for both clinical pattern recognition and data-driven inference into the underlying structural morphology. We implemented three-dimensional convolution neural networks (3D-CNNs) to specifically classify dysplastic cerebelli, a subset of surface-based subcortical brain dysmaturation, in term infants born with congenital heart disease. We obtained a 0.985 ± 0. 0241-classification accuracy of subtle cerebellar dysplasia in CHD using 10-fold cross-validation. Furthermore, the hidden layer activations and class activation maps depicted regional vulnerability of the superior surface of the cerebellum, (composed of mostly the posterior lobe and the midline vermis), in regards to differentiating the dysplastic process from normal tissue. The posterior lobe and the midline vermis provide regional differentiation that is relevant to not only to the clinical diagnosis of cerebellar dysplasia, but also genetic mechanisms and neurodevelopmental outcome correlates. These findings not only contribute to the detection and classification of a subset of neonatal brain dysmaturation, but also provide insight to the pathogenesis of cerebellar dysplasia in CHD. In addition, this is one of the first examples of the application of deep learning to a neuroimaging dataset, in which the hidden layer activation revealed diagnostically and biologically relevant features about the clinical pathogenesis. The code developed for this project is open source, published under the BSD License, and designed to be generalizable to applications both within and beyond neonatal brain imaging.

Cervical pedicular agenesis: Case report and a review of the literature

Cervical pedicular agenesis, an unusual disorder, is a rare clinical and radiological finding, which can lead to misdiagnosis, moreover in a traumatic situation. The authors report the case of a young woman with a C3 right congenital absence of the cervical pedicle. A systematic review of literature found more than 70 reported cases. In patients with congenital agenesis of the cervical pedicle, the two most common levels of this congenital absence are C6 and C5. The three radiological findings were: the false appearance of an enlarged ipsilateral neural foramen due to the absent pedicle; a dysplastic, dorsally displaced ipsilateral articular pillar and lamina; and a dysplastic ipsilateral transverse process. These pedicle ageneses are a stable congenital anomaly.

Evaluation of expression of the cell adhesion marker at cervical intraepithelial neoplasia depending on the type infertility.

Background. One of the most frequent malignant neoplasms of the reproductive system of women is cervical cancer. Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia represents one of the stage of malignisation of cervical epithelium. The number of studies aimed at investigation the E-cadherin as neoplastic progression indicator in cervical tissue at CIN is not a lot, and the findings are mixed. Also, there are no data on the level of expression of E-cadherin and load of human papilloma virus with high carcinogenic risk. Objective. Was conducted immunohistochemical study of the expression of the cell adhesion marker E-cadherin at CIN that are associated with HPV infection in women with infertility. Methods. Was investigated 236 cervical biopsies from women with infertility and in the 157 cases in the cervical smears identified the human papillomavirus types with high carcinogenic risk by polymerase chain reaction. In the immunohistochemical study as a primary was used monoclonal antibodies to E-cadherin (clone ER700Y, LabVision). During assessing the immunohistochemical reactions with E-cadherin, a membrane and submembranne coloring was considered as specific. The colorating was considered as "typical" if the response was uniform and equal in intensity that characterised normal squamous epithelium without keratinisation. Results. During the CIN that associated with PVI registered decrease up to total loss of expression for the glycoprotein of the membrane adhesion - E-cadherin. In 25 (10.59%) cases is excessive "atypical" mixed cytoplasmic membrane expression of E-cadherin. This type of reaction takes all layers of the mucous membrane of the cervix. The frequency of excessive "atypical" cell adhesion marker expression increases with the level of CIN and viral load. Excessive "atypical" expression of E-cadherin at CIN that associated with HPV infection with the highest rate (60.0%, p &lt;0.05) observed in tubal infertility. Conclusion. The use of the E-cadherin can be introduced in medical practice as an additional criterion concerning the diagnosis and prognosis CIN associated with HPV infection in women with infertility. The use of E-cadherin must ensure objectivity for morphological investigation, especially in dysplastic degree verification process that will improve the quality of examination of patients with this pathology.

Florid cemento-osseous dysplasia: review of an uncommon fibro-osseous lesion of the jaw with important clinical implications

Florid cemento-osseous dysplasia (FCOD) is a rare, benign, multifocal fibro-osseous dysplastic process affecting tooth-bearing areas of the jaw, characterized by replacement of normal trabecular bone with osseous tissue and dense acellular cementum in a fibrous stroma. It is one clinicopathologic variant in a spectrum of related non-neoplastic fibro-osseous lesions known as cemento-osseous dysplasias (CODs), thought to arise from elements of the periodontal ligament. Diagnosis primarily relies upon radiographic and clinical findings; unnecessary biopsy should be avoided, as inoculation with oral pathogens may precipitate chronic infection in these hypovascular lesions. Appropriate management of uncomplicated FCOD consists of periodic radiographic follow-up. Accordingly, it is important that both radiologists and clinicians performing endodontic interventions possess familiarity with this entity in order to prevent misdiagnosis and inappropriate intervention, which may result in a protracted clinical course. Lesions are usually asymptomatic in the absence of infection, typically discovered on routine dental radiographs or imaging performed for unrelated indications. Radiographically, the condition typically manifests as widespread non-expansile intraosseous masses of varying internal lucency and sclerosis that surround the root apices of vital teeth or edentulous areas in the posterior jaw. While all CODs share similar microscopic features, FCOD is distinguished by its multifocal distribution, involving two or more quadrants of the maxilla and mandible, often in a bilateral symmetric fashion. The vast majority of cases are sporadic, though few exhibit an autosomal dominant familial inheritance pattern. In this pictorial review, we discuss the radiologic characteristics of this entity, pertinent clinical and histologic features, differential diagnoses, and management options.

Diagnostic Utility of Flow Cytometry in Myelodysplastic Syndromes.

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs) are clonal disorders of hematopoiesis that exhibit heterogeneous clinical presentation and morphological findings, which complicates diagnosis, especially in early stages. Recently, refined definitions and standards in the diagnosis and treatment of MDS were proposed, but numerous questions remain. Multiparameter flow cytometry (MFC) is a helpful tool for the diagnostic workup of patients with suspected MDS, and various scores using MFC data have been developed. However, none of these methods have achieved the sensitivity that is required for a reassuring diagnosis in the absence of morphological abnormalities. One reason may be that each score evaluates one or two lineages without offering a broad view of the dysplastic process. The combination of two scores (e.g., Ogata and Red Score) improved the sensitivity from 50–60 to 88%, but the positive (PPV) and negative predictive values (NPV) must be improved. There are prominent differences between study groups when these scores are tested. Further research is needed to maximize the sensitivity of flow cytometric analysis in MDS. This review focuses on the application of flow cytometry for MDS diagnosis and discusses the advantages and limitations of different approaches.

Expression of p63, p53 and Ki-67 in Patients with Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia.

Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) is a dysplastic process in cervical squamous epithelium and carries a risk of progression to cervical cancer. The aim of this study was to compare expression of three biomarkers named p53, p63 and Ki-67 in patients with various grades of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and in a control group. 58 patients were enrolled in the study. Each patient underwent a colposcopy-guided biopsy of the cervix. Immunostaining for markers (p53, p63 and Ki-67) was performed on tissue samples of normal cases (n=10), CIN I (n=20), CIN II (n=14), and CIN III (n=14). Our study showed a significant increase of the expression of the analyzed biomarkers in most patients with CIN III compared to CIN II and CIN I. Furthermore, p53 and p63 were significantly increased in CIN I compared to the control group. The expression of Ki-67, p63 and p53 differed between CIN I, CIN II and CIN III. p63 and p53 were reliable biomarkers to distinguish reactive changes from CIN I, while all three biomarkers (Ki-67, p53 and p63) had a high degree of sensitivity and specificity to distinguish between CIN III, CIN II and CIN I.