Dysdercus Cingulatus Research Articles

Impact of Protective Measures on Mealybug and Red Cotton Bug Incidence in Bt Cotton Hybrids

The study investigated the influence of mealybug and red cotton bug populations on different cotton hybrids under protected and unprotected conditions. The results revealed that under protected conditions, the mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis population was significantly lower (0.23/plant) compared to unprotected conditions (1.14/plant). Among the hybrids, G. Cot. Hy. 10 BG II (0.35/plant) and Ajeet 155 BG II (0.40/plant) showed the lowest mealybug populations, while RCH 2 BG II recorded the highest (1.19/plant). Significant differences were observed in the interaction between protection levels and hybrids with lower pest populations recorded under protected conditions. Similarly, for the red cotton bug, the population was significantly lower under protected conditions (0.23/plant) compared to unprotected (0.87/plant). G.Cot.Hy.10 BG II showed the lowest red cotton bug, Dysdercus cingulatus population (0.24/plant), while RCH 2 BG II had the highest population under unprotected conditions (1.24/plant). Significant differences were found in the interaction of protection levels, hybrids, and periods with protected conditions consistently showing lower pest incidences.

Evaluation on the insecticidal action of polyphenolic compound from Streblus asper (Lour.) on the red cotton bug, Dysdercus cingulatus (Fab.) (Hemiptera, Pyrrhocoridae)

The study aims to evaluate oxidative stress and the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), upon applying polyphenolic bioinsecticide isolated from Streblus asper (PBSA) at a concentration of 0.595 ?g/insect (LD50) by topical application on Dysdercus cingulatus Fabricius (Red cotton bug- Hemiptera, Pyrrhocoridae). The results demonstrated that the active fraction exhibited significant inhibition in activities of AChE, antioxidant enzymes and Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and a significant increase in the lipid peroxides (MDA/ TBARS) which led to the fact that D. cingulatus became more susceptible to the tested PBSA. The study has provided basic information on the mechanism of action of PBSA that will be promising to develop effective alternatives to synthetic insecticides.

Diversity of Insects of Two Rice (Oryza sativa L. 1787) Farms in Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria

The recognition of insect-related damages to rice plants and the subsequent consequences for biodiversity have shown the relevance of insect communities in rice farms. This study documented the insect fauna of rice (Oryza sativa L. 1787) in two rice farms in Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria from September to November, 2022. The insects associated with the two sites were collected using handpicking, sweep net, water trap and pitfall trap methods. Data collected from the study were subjected to non-parametric t- test at 5% significant level. A total of 51,021 insects belonging to twelve insect orders were found associated with the two sites. Out of the aforementioned number, 15,120 (29.63%) were collected from site 1 while 35,901 (70.37%) were collected in site 2. There was significant difference (P <0.05) on insect abundance between site 1 and 2. Crematogaster peringueyi was found to be the most abundant (82.67%) insect in site 1, whereas Camponotus perrisi was found to be the most abundant (27.85%) in site 2. The result further showed that only Hobomok skipper had the least relative abundance (0.01%) in site 1, while Catantops quadratu, Anacatantops notatus, Dysdercus cingulatus, Crematogaster peringueyi, Dasyleurotettix infaustus and Apis mellifera had the least relative abundance (0.01%) in site 2. The diversity indices computed showed that Site 1 had a higher Simpson dominance index (0.6845), Shannon Weiner diversity index (1.07597) and Shannon Weiner evenness than site 2 (0.0019, 0.41248and 0.0393 respectively). The Margalef richness index (6.3879) of site 2 was greater than site 1 (4.9876).There is need for regular monitoring of insects in rice farms for sustainable management of the crop.

IDENTIFICATION OF INSECT SPESIES ASSOCIATED WITH AVOCADO SEEDS (Persea americana Mill)

Avocado (Persea americana Mill) is a fruit plant that has high nutritional value and is relatively economical. Efforts to increase the production of avocado seeds (Persea americana Mill) are still often constrained by pests and diseases. This study aims to determine the types of insects associated with avocado seeds (Persea americana Mill) and the level of damage to avocado seeds (Persea americana Mill) due to insect pests in Seeds Garden of the Melati Women Farmer Group 2, Ranowulu District, Bitung City. This study used a survey method, namely direct observation (visual) of pests that attack avocado seeds (Persea americana Mill). This research is a descriptive research with survey method. Observation activities by direct observation on avocado plant seeds (Persea americana Mill). Insects were identified using an insect identification book guide. The results of identification and direct observation at the Seeds Garden of the Melati Women Farmers Group 2, Ranowulu District, Bitung City, found 3 orders consisting of 4 insects, namely the Ordo Orthoptera Wood Grasshopper (Valanga nigricornis) and Green Steamed Grasshopper (Atractomorpha crenulata), Ordo Homoptera White Dompolan Tick (Planococcus citri), Ordo Hemiptera Bapak Pucung (Dysdercus cingulatus). The results showed that the percentage of seeds attacked by insect pests in the Seeds Garden of the Melati Women Farmer Group 2, Ranowulu District, Bitung City with a seedling age of 1-10 months was 36.66% and a damage rate of 26.97% of the total seeds of the 30 seeds that had been observed and included in the moderately damaged category.

BIOEFFICACY OF ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGI METARHIZIUM ANISOPLIAE (METSCHN.) SOROKIN AGAINST THE COTTON STAINER, DYSDERCUS CINGULATUS (FAB.) (HEMIPTERA: PYRRHOCORIDAE)

Entomopathogenic fungi play an important role in the biological control of the insect pest population in an agroecosystem. Metarhizium anisopliae is one such entomopathogenic fungus, proved to be an effective biocontrol agent against different insect pests. However, different strains of entomopathogens show variations in their pathogenicity and host specificity. Hence the present study is aimed to determine the bioefficacy of local isolates of the entomopathogenic fungus M. anisopliae to control Dysdercus cingulatus. Fungal strains were isolated from cotton fields in Tirunelveli, Thoothukudi, Thenkasi, and Viruthunagar districts of Tamil Nadu following standard protocols. Four different isolates were identified and used for the bioassay. Bioefficacy trials were carried out in all the five nymphal instars and the adults of D. cingulatus and were treated with eight different concentrations of M. anisopliae (101,102,103,104,105,106,107and 108 spores/mL). The formulations were evaluated for their pathogenicity and efficiency against D. cingulatusnymphal instars and adults which resulted in 70% to 100% mortality. A 100% mortality rate was observed in four isolates of M. anisopliae at higher concentrations (120 hrs) after treatment. Lethal concentration (LC50) values of M. anisopliae isolates against D. cingulatus were calculated as 5.94×107(ERUM1), 6.09×107(ERUM2), 2.62×107(ERUM3), 2.69×107(ERUM4). Approaching biocontrol agents instead of chemical pesticides seems to be very promising in the march towards more sustainable, eco-friendly agricultural pest management practices and protecting the environment

Prolonged Copulation in Dysdercus cingulatus (Red Cotton Stainer) as a Cause for Augmented Fecundity

Cotton stainer, Dysdercus cingulatus is the common pest of cotton crops. Both the adults and nymphs are known to feed upon the cotton pods. In recent times it’s pest status has extended to almost all the crops, which illustrates that these insects have increased in number and also have acclimatized to the ever changing environment. This is an Hemipteran insect and it is known that males and females are known to be involved in prolonged copulation. In the present study, it was observed that the male and female adults were in state of extended copulation both in the field and also in the laboratory. This study has shown that the male and the females remain in copulatory mode for 3 days. This may be attributed to a male strategy to limit the female from mating another male and also a mechanism to improve and augment proliferation, and hence this may be a contributing factor causing an upsurge in the population of these insects.

Succession of insect Pests on Okra, Abelmoschus esculentus (L). moench

The present investigation on succession of insect pests on Okra, Abelmoschus esculentus was carried out in the Vegetable Research Farm, Maharajpur, Department of Horticulture, JNKVV, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh during Kharif season during the year 2018 (July to October). Results revealed the incidence of different insect pests at different stages of the okra crop, i.e., vegetative stage, flowering stage, fruiting stage, maturity stage and at harvest In all, five insect pests and a natural enemy were recorded on different stages of the crop i.e., jassid, Amrasca biguttula biguttula (Ishida), Whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Genn.), Aphid, Aphis gossypii (Glover), Red cotton bug, Dysdercus cingulatus F., Shoot and fruit borer, Earias vittella (Fab.) and Ladybird beetle, Coccinellas eptempunctata (L.). The predator namely Lady bird beetle, Coccinella septempunctata, Coleoptera and Coccinellidae was also recorded.

Entomotoxic proteins of Beauveria bassiana Bals. (Vuil.) and their virulence against two cotton insect pests

Entomopathogenic fungi are widely used as biocontrol agents against several agricultural pests. Among them, Beauveria bassiana is considered the important one against insect and other arthropod pests. The entomotoxic proteins of B. bassiana were extracted by Sephadex G-25 column, and fractionated using HPLC (BBI, BBII and BBIII) and tested against two hemipteran insect pests i.e., Dysdercus cingulatus Fab. and Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsely (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). Results indicated that protein content was higher in fraction BBII than BBI and BBIII. The vibration frequency in FT-IR obtained with a range of 1650 to 1580 cm−1. Bioassays of fractions (I, II and III) reveal that BBII was highly virulent against third nymphal instar of D. cingulatus (LC50 = 800.2 ppm) and adults of P. solenopsis adult (LC50 = 713.3 ppm). Considering the high virulence of BBII subjected to SDS-PAGE, HPLC and MALDI-TOF analyses. Analyses reveals the presence of 174 kDa and designated as BBF2. These results concluded that the entomotoxic protein of B. bassiana can be utilized for management of these investigated hemipreran pests. Further investigations are necessary for the field application of this entomotoxin against these pests or other insect pests. These results also could be helpful for establishing novel biotechnological uses for this fungus.

Effect of Weather Parameters on Pest Dynamics of Maize in Summer at District Bahawalnagar (Pakistan)

This study was designed to evaluate the association between maize pest dynamics and in relation to abiotic factors (temperature, relative humidity and rainfall) in tehsil Minchinabad district Bahawalnagar. The study was conducted from months of April to July in the crop of maize. The current study indicates that the attack of the insect pest increased on maize. These insect pests and diseases on maize are Stem borer (Chilo partellus), Armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda), Common earwig (Forficula auricularia), Garden snail (Helix aspersa), Red cotton stainer (Dysdercus cingulatus), Aspergillus flavus and Rotten corn disease stock have been recognized to their broad environmental distribution in Bahawalnagar as a result of weather parameters. At higher temperature there was a marked increase in the population of pests while at relative humidity 46% and temperature 400C maximum population of the pest was recorded, it means that higher the temperature and relative humidity there was a marked fluctuation in pest dynamics and hence in spite of the absence of rainfall, the pest outbreak was recorded. Statistically different results significantly different (p < 0.05) using ANOVA one-way and linear regression.

PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF RED COTTON BUG SPECIES (HEMIPTERA: PYRRHOCORIDAE) IN PUNJAB, PAKISTAN

Traditional techniques for identifying the red cotton bugs Dysdercus koenigii and Dysdercus cingulatus (Pyrrhocoridae: Hemiptera) depend on phenotypic and morphological data. These methods are suitable when species have well-defined structures and when huge taxonomic knowledge is at hand. In this study, the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene was selected for the molecular identification of D. koenigii and D. cingulatus. The sequence data showed that one species of the red cotton bug sample was identified as Dysdercus koenigii with 35-100% similarity to other Dysdercus species present in the NCBI database, while the other species was identified as Dysdercus cingulatus with 88-94% similarity to other red cotton bugs species present in the NCBI database. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that our D. koenigii Seq (>180319003-A02-102-DK-.ab1) shares the same cluster with four D. koenigii isolates (ZSI/SRC_I.28B, ZSI/SRC_I.28, GQ306227.1, KJ459924.1). While the D. cingulatus Seq (>180319003-A02-103-DC-.abl) shares a cluster with D. cingulatus voucher (RO_DC2015). This is the first molecular identification of red cotton bugs (D. koenigii and D. cingulatus) reported in Pakistan. Thus, in the current study, molecular identification has been accepted as a reliable method for the identification of these agriculturally important insect pests.

Bioefficacy of Rhynocoris longifrons (St\xe5l) (Heteroptera: Reduviidae) against multiple cotton pests under screen house and field conditions

Rhynocoris longifrons (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) is a generalist predator of many cotton insect pests. The hiding behaviour of this predator, which is one of the key factors of predation success, was investigated under screen house conditions. Moreover, we evaluated its biocontrol potential against Aphis gossypii (Hemiptera: Aphididae), Dysdercus cingulatus (Hemiptera: Pyrrhocoridae), Phenacoccus solenopsis (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), and Helicoverpa armigera Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) under screen house and field conditions. Results showed that R. longifrons life stages preferred to hide under small pebbles in the screen house tests. All the R. longifrons life stages showed a biocontrol potential against the four insect pests under screen house conditions. However, their biocontrol potential had not varied in relation to day and night hours. Augmentative releases of R. longifrons were carried out for two seasons such as South-west monsoon, 2011 and post-monsoon, 2012. The augmentative release of R. longifrons reduced significantly insect pests on cotton. In fact, the release of this predator in cotton fields was capable to reduce the population of H. armigera (50%), P. solenopsis (28%), D. cingulatus (18.8%), and A. gossypii (11.8%) during the rain fed condition (south-west monsoon season). During irrigated condition (post-monsoon season), populations of D. cingulatus were reduced by 26%, than P. solenopsis (20.6%), and A. gossypii (16.8%). Except ants, no negative impact was reported on other natural enemies present in the cotton field. Significantly higher crop yield and cost benefit ratio was observed in the predator release plots indicating that R. longifrons can be used in an integrated pest management program for multiple cotton pests.

Determination of Thermal Constant and Development Threshold of Red Cotton Bug, Dysdercus cingulatus (F.)

Effect of constant temperatures viz, 18 ± 1, 21 ± 1, 27 ± 1, 30 ± 1 and 33 ± 1 °C on egg and nymphal development of Dysdercus cingulatus revealed that the development rate of egg and nymphs gradually increased with increase in temperature, while total development period decreased but started to increase again at 33 ± 1 °C. The development threshold was determined to be 12.46, 11.56, 12.9, 11.2, 10.9 and 10 °C for egg and nymphs (I to V instar), respectively, with corresponding thermal constant being 66.7, 62.5, 47.6, 71.4, 76.9 and 100 DD. Total thermal constant requirement to complete a generation was thus 425.1 DD.

IDENTIFICATION OF MICROBIAL COMMUNITY COLONIZING THE GUT OF DYSDERCUS CINGULATUS FABRICIUS (HEMIPTERA: PYRRHOCORIDAE)

Red cotton stainer Dysdercus cingulatus sucks the sap of cotton plant and hence considered as one of the serious pests of cotton across the globe. Gut microbial community of this pest was studied using 16srRNA variable regions (V3 &amp; V4) using Illumina MiSeq technology. Totally 11, 0,797 reads were obtained which were processed using QIIME pipeline. This study resulted in the identification of gut microbiota of D. cingulatus categorized into 34 different phyla, 88 classes, 132 classes, 206 families and 336 genera. Phylum level taxonomic classification identifies bacteria predominantly from Proteobacteria (46.7%), Actinobacteria (25.7%) and Firmicutes (18%). Species from the genus Coriobacterium, Bifidobacterium, Corynebacterium, Klebsiella &amp; Pseudomonas are most abundant in the gut of D. cingulatus. Insights into the gut can help us to understand the role of microorganism which dismantles the plant.

Behavioral response and relative toxicity for the active compounds of Caulerpavera veravalensis (Thivy and Chauhan) against nymph of Dysdercus cingulatus (Fab.) (Hemiptera: Pyrrhocoridae)

Abstract Outburst of harmful insects in the agricultural environment cause potential risk to farmers and it makes an alarm to scientific communities for the development of effective pest management strategies. Prevalent usage of synthetic pesticides results in the development of insect resistance and make higher toxicity to non-target organisms. Phytochemicals derived from seaweeds offers an alternative solution for controlling the agricultural pest. The growth and development of Dysdercus cingulatus was affected by the chloroform extract of sea weed Caulerpa veravalensis at various concentrations (25, 50, 75 and 100 μg/mL). Similarly, relative growth rate (RGR) and oviposition also significantly decreased compared to control. The crude extract of C. veravalensis was further eluted through the column chromatography and partially purified fractions were tested to find toxicity against third instar nymph of D. cingulatus. The active fraction FVI illustrates higher mortality hence it was subjected to GC–MS analysis to find the active chemical constituents. The GC–MS results revealed that nine major compounds with nymphicidal activity against D. cingulatus. Probit analysis of 95% confidential level showing a LC50 value of 183.307 μg/mL against the third instar nymph of D. cingulatus. Our findings suggest that Tetradecanoic acid, 10, 13-dimethyl-, methyl ester from fraction FVI shows highest peak area percentage of 89.2% and it may be one of the insecticidal compounds affecting the behavior of D. cingulatus.

Electrophysiological Response of Dysdercus cingulatus (Fabricius) (Hemiptera: Pyrrhocoridae) to Cotton Plant Extracts and Other Host Related Compounds

Electroantennogram response from antennae of male and female, Dysdercus cingulatus (Fabricius) a cotton pest was recorded against hexane extracts of cotton plant (leaves, squares and bolls) as well as with identified synthetic volatile compounds. Different volatile compounds were identified from cotton plant part by gas chromatography–Mass spectrometer techniques. The males and females of D. cingulatus showed its characteristic EAG response to cotton extracts and to fifteen other synthetic (docosane, pentacosane, tetracontane, tricosane, hexatricontane, hexacosane, octatricontane, heneicosane, triacontane, hentriacontane, octadecane, dotriacontane, tetracosane, octacosanoic acid, eiocosanic acid) compounds. Statistically significant differences in EAG response were observed between both sexes. The responses were found to be dose-depended and maximum peak amplitude were recorded by heneicosane, hentriacontane, tricosane and hexatricontane. In female, the largest peak amplitudes were obtained from heneicosane, hentriacontane, tricosane and octatricontane, whereas heneicosane, triacontane, and octatricontane were found to evoke significantly different responses among males. Electroantennogram study of D. cingulatus has manifested the differential sensitivity of antennal receptors to these compounds.

Identifikasi Mikroorganisme Tanah dan Serangga yang Berasosiasi dengan Pohon Gaharu

&lt;p&gt;Papua is considered as one of the centre of gaharu productions in Indonesia, because 58% of its natural diversification exist in this region. �The soil microorganism and insect have been known as vector for the penetration of �Fusarium lateritium which cause the gaharu effect.� This research was aimed to identify �both the soil microorganism and insect that associated with gaharu plant.�The result of the study revealed that (1) The soil microorganism that live in gaharu habitate were Trichoderma viridae, Fusarium spp, Corynebacterium sp., Criconemoides sp., and �Pratylenchus sp., and (2) The insect that live in gaharu habitate were Anomala pallida, Hypomyces inflatus, Arachnoidea, Dolichoderes bituberculatus, Oecophylla smaragdina, Dysdercus cingulatus, Teleogryllus mitratus, and dragon Flies.&lt;/p&gt;

An Expression of Heat Shock Protein in Diapause Egg of Dysdercus Cingulatus

An Expression of Heat Shock Protein in Diapause Egg of Dysdercus Cingulatus

Disease forecasting model for newly emerging bacterial seed and boll rot of cotton disease and its vector (Dysdercus cingulatus)

Bacterial seed and boll rot disease is a newly emerging threat to the cotton growers. Disease prediction model was devised to predict the disease progression impacted by the vector (Dysdercus cingulatus) and environmental variables (maximum air temperature, minimum air temperature, relative humidity and rainfall) on four varieties to minimise its losses and disease management cost. Impact of a-biotic environmental variables (maximum and minimum air temperature, relative humidity and rainfall) was assessed on bacterial seed and rot of cotton disease and its vector (D. cingulatus) on FH-941, FH-942, MNH-886 and FH-114 cotton varieties. Maximum red cotton bug population was assessed at 29–31 °C maximum temperature and at 15–17 °C minimum temperature. Disease severity was noticed maximum when maximum and minimum temperature was measured at 28–29 °C and 13–14.5 °C, respectively. Vector population was maximum when relative humidity and rainfall were 63–66% and 1.50–2.5 mm, respectively. Relative humidity at 66–68% and 0.5–1.5 mm rainfall favoured disease development. With increase in number of bugs, increase in disease severity was noted, maximum disease severity 45–48% noticed when 7–8 bugs were recorded. Red cotton bug (Dysdercus cingulatus) population prediction model was devised based on a-biotic factors (maximum and minimum air temperature, relative humidity and rainfall) on four cotton varieties. Disease forecasting model was developed based on biotic (D. cingulatus) and a-biotic factors. A close resemblance between observed and the predicted red cotton bugs and disease severity was seen.

Hemipteroseius vikrami Menon: a junior synonym of H. indicus (Krantz & Khot) (Acari: Otopheidomenidae) with comments on the sigilla of the dorsal shield

Hemipteroseius vikrami Menon, 2011 (Acari: Otopheidomenidae: Treatinae) has been considered a junior synonym of Hemipteroseius indicus (Krantz & Khot, 1962). Both species were described from India from the red cotton bugs Dysdercus koenigii (F.) and Dysdercus cingulatus (F.), the latter is widely distributed in India and some other countries. The sigilla of the podonotum and opisthonotum are also described for the first time in this mite.

Purification of sorbitol dehydrogenase from diapause eggs of Dysdercus cingulatus (fabricus 1775)

&lt;span&gt;Sorbitol Dehydrogenase (SDH) is important enzymes responsible for the protection of eggs from harsh condition as it convert fructose to sorbitol which serves as polyol and stabilize the soluble proteins and lipid bilayer. The enzyme SDH (d-Idiol NAD oxidoreductase EC 1.1.1.14) is purified from the eggs of red cotton bug, Dysdercus cingulatus exposed to low temperature. The SDH from eggs were purified by using different protein purification technique viz, ion exchange chromatography, gel filtration and SDS–PAGE. The ion exchange chromatography showed 0.185U total activity, with a purification fold of 1.48 and yield 3.36%. Gel filtration chromatography showed an increase in purification of SDH activity by 2.73 with 0.095 U total activity and yield of 1.73%. SDS-PAGE revealed that SDH molecular weight of 38 KDa. The Km value of Fructose: NADH is 0.4:0.01 and the Vmax was 0.6 and 0.03. Thus low temperature increases the activity of SDH which convert fructose to sorbitol which protects the cell during diapause condition.&lt;/span&gt;