Dynamics Of Terrorism Research Articles

Sudan: Understanding the Dynamics of Terrorism and Conflict Management. A Multifaceted Approach

The research proposal aims to comprehensively examine terrorism and conflict manage ment dynamics in Sudan. It seeks to understand terrorism’s root causes, its interplay with conflict dynamics, and the effectiveness of current management strategies. Employing historical analysis, socio-political inquiry, and economic assessment, the study will explore Sudan’s historical context, identifying key turning points and socio-political dimensions such as governance challenges and identity politics. Additionally, the research will scrutinize terrorism’s economic underpinnings, in cluding illicit economies and external financing. It will evaluate terrorism’s impact on peacebuilding efforts, offering insights into effective conflict management strategies. Expected outcomes include a nuanced understanding of terrorism’s dynamics, actionable recommendations for policymakers, and contributions to peacebuilding efforts. By shedding light on these complexities, the study aims to aid in mitigating terrorism and fostering sustainable peace not only in Sudan but also globally. Keywords: Terrorism, conflict management, Sudan, Africa, dynamics, multifaceted approach, gov ernance, identity politics.

A Bipartite Network Analysis of Terrorism in Nigeria

Nigeria is home to a variety of terror groups, some of which receive little scholarly or media attention, but whose violent attacks cause significant casualties and instability. This analysis uses a bipartite network approach to examine terror groups in Nigeria between 2009 and 2019. We capture substantial variation among terrorist groups by state, target type and attack mode, and consider “unknown” terrorist offenders. Although Boko Haram is the dominant terrorist group, the Fulani extremists, IPOB, and others, are also prominent, with MEND especially active against oil infrastructure and in the Niger Delta region. This research finds that a bipartite network approach is effective for providing a more comprehensive understanding of terrorism dynamics, which is essential for effective counterterrorism policy and analysis.

Topical dynamics of terrorism from a global perspective and a call for action on global risk

Research on terrorism is a sensitive and critical aspect globally from a security perspective that calls for an action policy. Since 9/11, terrorism has been considered a high risk or a disaster for global governance without geographical exceptions. Its association with political and economic and the severity of causalities it causes leaves a worrisome and long-lasting impact on global cohesion and peacefulness, just like a natural disaster would. This study unveils the political and policy measures, public expenditures, and likely external intervention determinants and their association with terrorism in the panel data of 151 countries from 2012 to 2022. The statistics of SGMM say that political stability is the most impactful and significant factor in reducing terrorism globally. External intervention from political agencies and economic forces is the second-most influential factor in mitigating terrorism incidents. The study further observes that the effectiveness of counter-terrorism measures and policy implementation has proven less impactful in mitigating terrorism. The innovative findings of this study state that government expenditures toward basic facilities are impactful in deterring terrorism but do not have a significant role in global analysis. The study recommends that the EU and America should collaborate and work on Asian and African regional security, rather than invade state security and sovereignty as part of their collective measures of counter-terrorism. A collaborative effort helps eradicate external evil forces or groups and sustain the state and global peace.

Understanding the Dynamics of Human Security, Terrorism and Sustainable Peace in Pakistan

Human security has been succeeded by national security, particularly in the interest of protecting the public, economy, food, health and environment and particularly due to the fear of terrorism. Questions of human security and terrorism trouble the Asian community enormously, particularly in the post-9/11 era. For those living in tribal areas of Balochistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, may face events of violence, crime, brutality, terrorist attacks and insecurity any time. Nations like Pakistan, Afghanistan and India are always at unexpected hazard of conflict emerging to serious threats of terrorism and instability. While other states enjoy their peaceful environment. Therefore, weaker states have serious shortcomings that call for global investigation and commitment. Throughout history, when aggressive conflict took place, security became a dream. Similarly, Pakistanis have suffered a lot due to the events of terrorism. Human security may perform as a systematic and calculated type of protection for entire community that is basically connected with multiple areas of the individual’s security, security of groups and society in general as compare to previous methods for protection from external threats. The present article is based on content analysis and it addresses the practices of human security to promote sustainable peace and highlight the challenges posed by terrorism in Pakistan. The concept of human security is focused and discussed at different scales and with reference to emerging threats from it. Moving through from broader to narrower definitions, it can be treated as the security of individual, or as the security of community and society.

Understanding Counter-terrorism Strategies of Police Against the Changing Dynamics of Terrorism in Bangladesh

Understanding Counter-terrorism Strategies of Police Against the Changing Dynamics of Terrorism in Bangladesh

Modeling and Multi-objective Optimal Control of Thedynamics of Counterterrorism in the Sahel Region in Africa

Terrorist activity in the Sahel region has been on the increase for almost a decade. Groups advocating extremist ideologies with a political or religious base are carrying out attacks against states with the aim of imposing a totalitarian ideology, sometimes against a backdrop of political crisis and famine. In this state of crisis and sometimes communal conflict, it is questionable whether ideological terrorism can really be eradicated in the Sahel. In this study, we develop a model of the dynamics of ideological terrorism based on the terrorism situation in the Sahel. In particular, this model incorporates popular resistance to terrorism through the class of volunteers for the defense of the homeland, but we also take into account the indoctrination of certain sections of the population vulnerable to fanatical ideology. We estimate $\mathcal{R}_0$ , the number of elementary replications of extremist behavior, which enables us to predict the evolution of extremism. We also identify four thresholds $\mathcal{R}_1$, $\mathcal{R}_2$, $\mathcal{R}_3$ and $\mathcal{R}_4$ of sufficient conditions for the eradication of ideological terrorism and brigandage. A multi-objective optimal control of a counter-terrorism strategy is also presented. Finally, we perform a numerical simulation of the analysis and control results to test our hypotheses.

Terrorism and Insurgency in the Tribal Areas: Investigating the Historical Roots and Dynamics of Terrorism and Insurgency in Pakistan's Tribal Regions

This research delves deeply into the origins and evolving dynamics of various regions in Pakistan, presenting a nuanced and intricate image shaped by diverse elements and social intricacies. The interplay between global developments and inherent complexities has given rise to a milieu fraught with persistent challenges. These regions, steeped in historical tribal traditions, have experienced pronounced instability, exacerbated by pivotal events such as the Soviet-Afghan War. The study systematically investigates the transformative journey of terrorism and insurgency, scrutinizing the contributing variables. The primary objective of this paper is to furnish readers with a comprehensive understanding of the factors underpinning terrorism and insurgency in Pakistan's tribal areas. It accomplishes this by delving into historical events, cultural components, and geopolitical influences that have intricately woven the tumultuous past of the region.

Redefining gender roles: women in South Asia's Jihadist Movements

ABSTRACT South Asia has witnessed a surge in jihadist activity, with Al-Qaeda (AQ) and the Islamic State (IS) making significant inroads into the region. Their presence has reshaped terrorism dynamics, notably by involving women in jihadism. AQ and IS have leveraged social media to attract both male and female recruits, with a particular focus on the latter. Through a thematic network analysis of online magazines like Azan, Resurgence, Dabiq, Rumiyah, Inspire, and Al Balagh, this article explores the evolving roles that AQ and IS offer to women. It argues that the emphasis on individual obligation of jihad through online propaganda has not only increased women's participation in jihad, but has also redefined their roles in South Asian jihadism. The changing roles of women in jihadism in South Asia encompass a range of activities, including suicide bombers, propagandists, planners, plotters, recruiters, matchmakers, facilitators, and fundraisers. Notably, IS offers a wider array of dynamic roles for women compared to its competitor, AQ. This article highlights the shift in the roles of women in South Asian jihadism due to the online propaganda efforts of AQ and IS, which have expanded the opportunities for women to participate in various capacities within these extremist groups.

Mathematical modeling of terrorism dynamics: Qualitative analysis and theoretical perspective

Terrorism has become a daily occurrence in our world, and governments and security forces around the world are highly concerned about stopping or minimizing terrorist activities. This study proposes a new approach to counter‐terrorism through compartmental mathematical modeling on underlying principles of terrorism, such as recruiting new terrorists, military interventions, limitations in military interventions, desertion from the group, and influence time. We introduce the influence time in the present terrorism model to include the time it takes for a person to become a member of a terrorist group when effectively attracted. A system of delay differential equations is proposed to model terrorism dynamics. The model results are analyzed and investigated through qualitative analysis for two obtained equilibria, namely, a terrorism‐free equilibrium and terrorism‐persistent equilibrium. Finally, some numerical results support our analytical findings and demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed counter‐terrorism mathematical modeling approach. This study enhances the theoretical understanding of policymakers on terrorism mitigation and offers valuable insights into developing effective counter‐terrorism strategies.

The Dynamics of Terrorism and International Criminal Law

This paper seeks to analyse and showcase the contemporary applicable prevailing developments vis-a-vis the concept of terrorism under international criminal law. It showcases the jurisprudence for the criminalization of terrorism under international criminal law. This paper further seeks to critique the advancement of the idea of terrorism in international law and highlights some contemporary developments with emphasis on aspects relevant to international criminal law.This paper equally seeks to analyze the fundamental distinction between terrorism as a treaty crime and terrorism as an international crime.One intriguing problem is a generally accepted definition and structuralexponential concern and analysis of terrorism under universal jurisprudence. Despite the problems of definition and distinction, the contemporary generally accepted trend is the criminalisation of international terrorism in any form or structure to guarantee international peace and security.

The Role Of The New Zealand Government In Handling Terrorism Through The Media

New Zealand, which is known as a peaceful country, is faced with the problem of terrorism. Terrorism cases that occur based on the existence of Islamophobic culture and immigrants entering New Zealand also have a connection with the role of mass media in a cause that concerns politics and government. The purpose of this study is to describe the dynamics of terrorism that occurs in New Zealand, as well as the role of the government in solving terrorism through mass media. The method used is a qualitative method with a type of descriptive approach through literature study. Based on the results of the study, it can be understood that the dynamics of terrorism that occur are so complex that then the resolution of terrorism cases is carried out by the government by making policies against actors involved in terrorism tragedies, especially immigrant perpetrators, and collaborating with human rights organizations established by the Foundation Against Islamophobia and Racism (FAIR) which aims to advocate for the human rights of independent Muslims based in New Zealand in counteract Islamophobia. In addition, this article helps to understand that the Government through the Prime Minister of New Zealand also met several Muslim community leaders in Christchurch where he ensured that the New Zealand Government will guarantee the security of every citizen and guarantee the freedom to worship and guarantee the freedom to express the culture and religion of each citizen and with the help of the media in the aftermath of the tragedy of terrorism is expected to reduce the circulation of videos of terror attacks so as not to provoke the community by traumatic, but help victims out of fear of conflict that occurs. The role of the government in efforts to maintain the integrity of the country's territory through cross-sectoral communication and cooperation can then be utilized by local actors to solve problems and participate in maintaining national security.

A non-linear optimal control model for illicit drug use and terrorism dynamics in developing countries with time-dependent control variables

The burden of illicit drug use and terrorism has become a significant health and social problem in many developing countries. Illicit drug use and terrorism have negatively affected the economy and development of some nations because the death rate due to these two phenomena is increasing daily, particularly among the young generation. Implementing preventive and control measures for illicit drug use and terrorism requires considerable government spending. This study aims to formulate and critically examine a non-linear optimal control problem based on an existing non-linear compartmental model of illicit drug use and terrorism dynamics. The existing seven-dimensional deterministic model is modified to capture four time-dependent control variables denoting public awareness, empowerment rate, detention rate of illicit drug users, and rehabilitation rate of illicit drug users. The non-linear optimal control model is rigorously analyzed to explicitly prove its existence and characterize the optimal control quadruple using optimal control theory. Effects of different combinations of at least two control variables in minimizing illicit drug use and terrorism are evaluated through simulations. Moreover, a cost-effectiveness analysis is conducted to ascertain the most effective and least expensive strategy required for preventing and controlling the burden of illicit drug use and terrorism with limited resources in the population.

Phases and Their Transitions Characterizing the Dynamics of Global Terrorism: A Multidimensional Scaling and Visualization Approach

This paper proposes a technique based on unsupervised machine learning to find phases and phase transitions characterizing the dynamics of global terrorism. A dataset of worldwide terrorist incidents, covering the period from 1970 up to 2019 is analyzed. Multidimensional time-series concerning casualties and events are generated from a public domain database and are interpreted as the state of a complex system. The time-series are sliced, and the segments generated are objects that characterize the dynamical process. The objects are compared with each other by means of several distances and classified by means of the multidimensional scaling (MDS) method. The MDS generates loci of objects, where time is displayed as a parametric variable. The obtained portraits are analyzed in terms of the patterns of objects, characterizing the nature of the system dynamics. Complex dynamics are revealed, with periods resembling chaotic behavior, phases and phase transitions. The results demonstrate that the MDS is an effective tool to analyze global terrorism and can be adopted with other complex systems.

The Dynamics of The Philippines Terrorism and Counter-Terrorism Policies in the Context of ASEAN Cooperation

Over the past two decades, ASEAN has grown as a breeding ground for the development of terrorist networks, both from the Middle East and those born within the ASEAN region. The Philippines, as one of the ASEAN member countries, is directly confronted with this threat. Using qualitative methods and a descriptive-analytic approach, this article discusses the dynamics of the threat in the Philippines by looking at the terrorism index, the growth of networks and attacks, and how the Philippines collaborates within the context of ASEAN to confront the threat. This paper concludes that the existing data shows that the dynamics of terrorism in the Philippines are on a relatively upward trend. In response, the Philippine government continues to develop its counter-terrorism policies by strengthening legal and regulatory aspects, establishing an authority to handle terrorism, and employing social approaches. In terms of cooperation, the Philippines is also striving to collaborate with fellow ASEAN member countries as well as countries outside the ASEAN region.

A fractional order model that studies terrorism and corruption codynamics as epidemic disease

Terrorism and corruption have extreme sequel towards developing economies. Many research studied terrorism, corruption and organized crime effect on macroeconomic aggregates in developing countries. Still, there is no enough literature on the coexistence of the duo. In this study, we formulate a fractional order mathematical model to study the dynamics of terrorism and corruption coexistence in communities. Existence, uniqueness and stability analysis of the solution of the model is shown. Numerical simulations are carried out to support the analytic results. Dynamics of different populations in the model is studied over a period of two years. Significance of terrorism transmission rate and corruption transmission rate in the propagation of terrorism and corruption is shown respectively. Recommendations are given to relevant stake holders for the most significant way to avert the spread of both terrorism and corruption.

Explosive aftermaths: Reassembling transnational memory- and policyscapes of victims and terrorism in the United Kingdom

This article discusses how multilevel ‘policyscapes’ and complex temporalities of ‘memoryscapes’ are assembled to reshape the categories and dynamics of terrorism and victimhood in the context of the United Kingdom. It specifically examines a case where unionist politicians from Northern Ireland are seeking to realign memory – and policyscapes through integrating diverging transnational policy narratives on victims and terrorism in debates on the Libyan Asset Freeze Bill in the UK Houses of Parliament. It is argued that these particular parliamentary interventions work to transcend the parameters of a peace process which otherwise prevent unionists from asserting a particular interpretation of conflict in Northern Ireland. Repositioning Northern Ireland in relation to the contemporary ‘War on Terror’ allows them to reassemble a bounded British mnemonic community. Theoretically, the article sets out a framework for an empirical study of memory – and policyscapes that conceptualizes dimensions of transnationalism as both intra-state and interstate dynamics.

Dynamics of Money Laundering and Terrorism: In Immigrants’ Nexus Perspective

Dynamics of Money Laundering and Terrorism: In Immigrants’ Nexus Perspective

Dynamics of Terrorism in Contemporary Society for Effective Management

In the contemporary world, the effect of faith in religion cannot be underestimated or overemphasized. In the olden days, traditional religion/faith of a particular locality was the only practice obtainable; however, new faiths emerged and are being absorbed in recent times. Extremism in the newly absorbed faith began to cause the indigenous religion to collapse and increase violence against innocent ones. This paper investigated the interaction between the extremism of faith leading to the act of terror and a susceptible individual (members of the society) to guide the policymakers and decision implementers to embrace the proposed model for counterterrorism for effective management of the insurgency. Mathematical modelling of epidemiology was conceptualized for the model formulation, and the resulting autonomous differential equations were critically analyzed with the Lipschitz condition, next generation matrix, and Bellman and Cooke’s criteria for the management of insurgency in the society. Thresholds were obtained to curtail recruitment into the fanatical groups, and the results of the simulated proposed model identified critical factors (parameters) to be considered for the complete eradication of violence in human society.

Queering Terrorism

There are few theoretical and empirical researches on sexual fluidity and sexual victimization against men inside terrorist groups. Drawing from the case of Islamic terrorists group (Boko Haram), queer theory, and discursive accounts of male survivors, NGOs and security agents, I argue that Boko Haram’s rape of men and boys, whether collectively or individually, exposes their sexual fluidity. The reconstruction of acceptable sexual norms, syncretism due to the existence of same-sex subculture in Lake Chad, and hypocrisy explain their sexual variability. This study adds to the growing body of knowledge on the dynamics of sexuality and terrorism.

Stochastic Modeling of Non-linear Terrorism Dynamics

Abstract Modeling terrorism is both necessary and difficult. While the necessity comes from the all too obvious real-world pressures our society is facing, the difficulty stems from the underlying complexity of the phenomena itself – there are many variables to account for, they are hard to measure, and the relationships between them are confounding. Since modeling terrorism is at its most onerous when it comes to predicting specific attacks, their timing and scale, we opted to work around this using observed probabilistic distribution and integrate power laws into our system dynamics model. After evaluating thousands of simulations runs, this allows us to replicate historical data as well as produce prognostic scenarios, while maintaining what we believe to be authentic behavior. Compromises need to be made, but we believe that this approach can be useful for systems highly dependent on events or parameters which we are unable to predict but whose distributions are known.