Dynamics Of Migration Processes Research Articles

DEVELOPMENT DYNAMICS OF THE FAMILY INSTITUTION IN KAZAKHSTAN

In the sphere of demographic development of the Republic of Kazakhstan, there are changes in trends in the formation of the family institution, the ethnic structure of the population and the dynamics of migration processes. The purpose of the article is to study the key dynamic indicators of the development of the family institution based on the results of the latest population census in 2021. The article examines the main trends in the birth rate, the proportion of large families, the number of marriages and divorces. Indicators of reproductive intentions (plans) by number of children were also analyzed. Official information from state statistics was used as sources. Thus, for the first time in Kazakhstan, the demographic features of the current state of the family institution based on the results of national censuses have been comprehensively studied in a comparative prism. In general, as a result of global social and gender changes, a certain transformation of the institution of family in Kazakhstan is taking place. Probably, in the medium term, this will contribute to the emergence of new areas of collective responsibility between society and the state.

Правовой анализ миграционных отношений России и Франции

This article examines the migration legal relations between Russia and France. It provides an overview of the current state and dynamics of migration processes between the two countries, as well as an analysis of the interaction between the migration legislation of Russia and France. The article discusses the main reasons and factors for migration between Russia and France, including economic, social, and political aspects. Various categories of migrants are considered, such as highly skilled professionals, students, refugees, and the main legal instruments regulating their status and rights are analyzed. The article emphasizes the importance of developing effective and fair mechanisms for regulating migration legal relations between Russia and France. It puts forward recommendations for improving legislation, ensuring the protection of migrants' rights, and facilitating their integration into society to ensure a mutually beneficial and harmonious migration process between the two countries.

МІГРАЦІЙНА ПОЛІТИКА ФРН НА СУЧАСНОМУ ЕТАПІ: АНАЛІЗ ПІДХОДІВ ДО БІЖЕНЦІВ В КОНТЕКСТІ МІЖНАРОДНИХ ВИКЛИКІВ

The article examines the main principles of the refugee migration policy of the Federal Republic of Germany, highlights the main migration laws and documents regulating migration flows. Aid to refugees from the countries of North Africa, the Middle East, and South Asia in 2015 and Ukrainian refugees who arrived in Germany due to the full-scale aggression of the Russian Federation are compared. On February 24, 2022, Russia launched a full-scale invasion of Ukraine, triggering another war in Europe and leading to a significant humanitarian crisis with over three million Ukrainian refugees. This part of the article explores whether refugees from Ukraine are perceived differently compared to those from other countries. Notably, while the 2015 refugee influx into Germany primarily consisted of young men from the Middle East, the current situation involves mostly women, children, and elderly people from Ukraine. This shift has led to different public and political responses in Germany. Furthermore, the article discusses why Ukrainian refugees have received better conditions compared to the 2015 scenario, highlighting factors like political dimensions, Ukraine's orientation towards Western democracy, geographical proximity invoking a sense of shared fate, and the cultural closeness reflected in the European character of Ukrainian cities. The article also studies the legal mechanisms affecting refugee reception, particularly the “Mass Influx Directive” enacted in 2001 following the displacement during the Yugoslav wars of the 1990s. This directive offers a bureaucracy-free method of accepting refugees outside the usual asylum procedure but requires a decision from the EU for its activation. Notably, in 2015, this directive was not applied to Syrian refugees. Instead, Germany unilaterally decided to accept large numbers of Syrian refugees on September 4, 2015. Contrastingly, in 2022, the EU nations collectively decided to activate this directive for Ukrainian refugees soon after the Russian invasion. This directive, triggered in situations like war or persecution impacting large population groups, allows for a bypass of the standard asylum procedure, granting Ukrainian refugees direct protection within the EU without the need for thorough application scrutiny and additional burdens. The conclusion of the article synthesizes the observations on the complexities and dynamics of migration processes in the contemporary world, with a focus on Germany's role as a key player in shaping European migration policy. The analysis of Germany’s approaches to refugees from various regions, especially in the context of Russia's military aggression against Ukraine in 2022, highlights differences in attitudes and methods of assistance. It was established that key German migration laws and documents reflect the dynamic and adaptive nature of state policy, responding to global challenges and changes. The assistance provided to Ukrainian refugees underscores Germany's particular approach towards this group, considering their situation induced by military actions. The primary conclusion is that recipient countries' migration policies are not static; they adapt to external challenges and internal needs. The situation with Ukrainian refugees has been another significant test for the German migration system, where humanitarian commitments intersect with political realities. Germany's efforts in this domain should be considered in formulating international policy aimed at supporting stability and cooperation in Europe. Key words: migration policy, Germany, refugees from the Middle East, Ukrainian refugees, migration space, migrants, cooperation, visa regime, illegal migration.

EXPERIENCE IN REGULATING MIGRATION FLOWS AT THE REGIONAL LEVEL: LATE 1980s – EARLY 1990s

This article aims to consider the example of two differently active re-gions of the South of Russia in terms of migration (Krasnodar Territory and the Republic of Adygea, “recipients” and Dagestan, “donor” of “internal” and labor) migrants) (1980s - early 1990s) experience of managing migration flows at the regional level and the problems of adaptation of migrants to new socio-cultural conditions. The article substantiates the need to study popula-tion migration. On the example of regions (administrative-territorial regions of Krasnodar Territory and the Republic of Adygea, Sochi, the Republic of Dagestan), the consequences of mass displacements in the late 1980s - early 1990s from the republics of Central Asia, Transcaucasia as a result of inter-ethnic conflicts, deterioration the quality of life of the population. Using a systematic approach, a sampling method and a comparative analysis, the re-gional specificity of the migration situation is revealed, the experience of reg-ulating the migration problem at the federal and regional levels is considered. The research is based on the normative legal acts of the federal and regional legislation, archival documents. It is concluded that in the late 1980s - early 1990s, the Krasnodar Territory, the Republic of Adygea, Sochi became one of the main in Russia, accepting a significant number of migrants from the re-publics of the USSR. The experience of regulating the migration problem consisted in the creation of regional structures for its solution, the develop-ment of migration legislation at the federal and regional levels, the coordina-tion of work on the management of migration processes, the formation of mechanisms for the socio-economic adaptation and integration of migrants. The consequences of the intense dynamics of migration processes continuing to this day in the regions considered in this article are characterized by both similar trends and local features. So, in Dagestan, there is an intensive de-population of mountainous territories. The demographic situation "moun-tains without mountaineers" is considered by a narrow circle of "collective farm heirs" as optimal for the liquidation of dairy farms, the transformation of mountain agricultural terraces, hayfields and even gardens into summer pastures for distant sheep breeding, i.e. the industry, from the point of view of job creation (three shepherds are enough to care for 1000 heads of sheep), is the least productive and, therefore, negligibly focused on the social and ethno-cultural well-being of mountain communities.This article aims to consider the example of two differently active re-gions of the South of Russia in terms of migration (Krasnodar Territory and the Republic of Adygea, “recipients” and Dagestan, “donor” of “internal” and labor) migrants) (1980s - early 1990s) experience of managing migration flows at the regional level and the problems of adaptation of migrants to new socio-cultural conditions. The article substantiates the need to study popula-tion migration. On the example of regions (administrative-territorial regions of Krasnodar Territory and the Republic of Adygea, Sochi, the Republic of Dagestan), the consequences of mass displacements in the late 1980s - early 1990s from the republics of Central Asia, Transcaucasia as a result of inter-ethnic conflicts, deterioration the quality of life of the population. Using a systematic approach, a sampling method and a comparative analysis, the re-gional specificity of the migration situation is revealed, the experience of reg-ulating the migration problem at the federal and regional levels is considered. The research is based on the normative legal acts of the federal and regional legislation, archival documents. It is concluded that in the late 1980s - early 1990s, the Krasnodar Territory, the Republic of Adygea, Sochi became one of the main in Russia, accepting a significant number of migrants from the re-publics of the USSR. The experience of regulating the migration problem consisted in the creation of regional structures for its solution, the develop-ment of migration legislation at the federal and regional levels, the coordina-tion of work on the management of migration processes, the formation of mechanisms for the socio-economic adaptation and integration of migrants. The consequences of the intense dynamics of migration processes continuing to this day in the regions considered in this article are characterized by both similar trends and local features. So, in Dagestan, there is an intensive de-population of mountainous territories. The demographic situation "moun-tains without mountaineers" is considered by a narrow circle of "collective farm heirs" as optimal for the liquidation of dairy farms, the transformation of mountain agricultural terraces, hayfields and even gardens into summer pastures for distant sheep breeding, i.e. the industry, from the point of view of job creation (three shepherds are enough to care for 1000 heads of sheep), is the least productive and, therefore, negligibly focused on the social and ethno-cultural well-being of mountain communities.

COMBINED EFFECTS OF THE LIVING ENVIRONMENT ON THE WELL-BEING OF THE CITY POPULATION

The method of assessing the impact of factors of diff erent nature on the components of the city’s living environment that determine favorable living conditions and the well-being of the population is considered. It is statistically established that the variety of factors should be taken into account when assessing and normalizing the combination of multifactorial impacts on demographic and social processes occurring in the urban environment. Combinations of the most signifi cant interacting factors and statistical models based on them can be taken into account when predicting the level of morbidity, the dynamics of migration processes, the family well-being of the population, and others. The developed models and assessment methodology can serve as a tool to support management decision-making to ensure a high level of quality of life of the population and urban development of residential areas.

Geographical information system for monitoring the attractiveness of municipalities in the Republic of Bashkortostan

According to the Outline of the State Migration Policy of the Russian Federation for 2019–2025, the Government is committed to creating a migration situation in which social and social objectives will be achieved. The economic, spatial and demographic development of the country. This is due to the high level of spatial differentiation between the regions of the Russian Federation on the dynamics of migration processes. According to official statistics, the recent period has seen a mixed trend in migration growth, with sharp declines (in 2018 compared to 2017) and increases (in 2019 compared to 2018). This trend, combined with a significant increase in natural attrition, led to a decrease in the country’s population between 2018 and 2020. over 727,000. people. In order to achieve the objective and meet the challenges of spatial development, it is planned to create conditions for reducing the disproportion in the location of the population through the implementation of various migration policy measures. There is therefore a need to establish a system for geo-information monitoring and evaluation of the effectiveness of applied decisions when formulating a plan of action to implement the concept of migration policy. This includes follow-up on the implementation of State measures. As part of the definition of the functional requirements of the system, a comparative analysis was made of existing geographic information systems aimed at collecting and processing information on the level of attractiveness of the territories. As well as a tree of problems to reduce the rate of attractiveness of territories was built on the example of the Republic of Bashkortostan. The Geographic Information System architecture, which defines the structure and interconnection of the system components, is presented.

THE ROLE OF POPULATION MIGRATION IN THE FORMATION OF LABOR RESOURCES OF THE KRASNODAR REGION

Based on the materials of state statistics, the article shows the actualization of the problem of replenishing labor resources in connection with the deterioration of the demographic situation in the country and the decline in the population of working age. In this situation, for solving this problem, the migration movement, which is an important source of the number and reproduction of labor resources, acquires an important role. Using the example of the Krasnodar Territory, the dynamics of migration processes from 2010 to 2019 are analyzed and the contribution of population migration to the growth of the labor force is determined. It is shown that during the period under review, the region retained a stable positive dynamics of migration growth and the main contribution to its formation was made by interregional migration, that is, population replacement and replenishment of the human resource occurred mainly due to migrants from other Russian regions. As a result of the migration movement, the Krasnodar Territory receives a significant increase in the number of workers, which, given the reduction in the proportion and absolute number of the working population, is a significant factor in the sustainable development of the region. Due to the long-term migration growth, the decrease in the absolute number of the working-age population began in the Kuban only in 2014, and the rate of its decline is significantly lower than both the national average and in the Southern Federal District as a whole. Over the past ten years, as a result of international and interregional migration exchange, the region has acquired 305 414 people of working age. In the structure of the region’s migration balance, this is the most numerous group, accounting for almost two-thirds of the average annual volume of net migration and being the demographic basis of the labor force.

Medical Assistance to Migrants on their Way to Siberia in 1906—1914

The issue of the activity of the system of medical and paramedic travel migrant station in Siberia during the Stolypin agrarian reform is considered in the article. The author has made a general review of the historiography of the issue, showing its insufficient study and controversial nature. The object of the research is medical assistance to peasants-migrants in 1906-1914. Legislative and regulatory sources on the sanitary legislation of Russia at the beginning of the XX century are analyzed. It is concluded that the system of measures developed by the state was designed to prevent the spread of epidemics by migrants to areas of agrarian colonization. The reasons that impeded the effective operation of this system were identified. It is proved that, despite the existing shortcomings, during the period of the Stolypin resettlements, the state as a whole was able to cope with the provision of medical care to the migrants during their travelling. The author comes to the conclusion about the social nature of medical assistance to migrants. The relevance of the work is due to the need to use historical experience both in the field of state regulation of migration processes and in the provision of medical care in conditions of increased epidemiological danger. The importance of research on this topic is determined, firstly, by the growth in the dynamics of migration processes in the modern world; secondly, the relevance of using the historical experience of providing medical care to migrants in a pandemic.

General Characteristics and Regional Differences of Migration Processes in the Russian Far East in the Post-Soviet Period

Based on the analysis of statistical data, the results of a comprehensive assessment of migration processes in the Russian Far East, including the dynamics of nonreturn migration, as well as internal and external labor migration, are presented. This paper analyzes regional features of the dynamics of migration processes in the Russian Far East in the post-Soviet period (1992–2016). Whereas migration turnover in the Far East before 1997 was marked by the largest share of migrants that moved within Russia, excluding Far Eastern regions, it has been determined that from 2000 to the present, the share of migrants within the Far East exceeds the total share of migrations outside this macroregion and international migrants. Analysis of internal labor migration highlights the leading role of the Jewish Autonomous Oblast in the share of the economically active population engaged in labor activity outside the region of residence. The study of the dynamics and territorial structure of international labor migration for the period covering 2010–2015 reflects the loss of the Far East’s leading positions in the number of attracted labor immigrants, including from China, among the Russian federal districts. It has been found that immigrants engaged in labor activity involving patents predominate in most Far Eastern regions. The study of migration policy from 2013 to 2017 has led to a conclusion about the opposing approaches at the federal and regional levels to attract immigrants to the labor market in Far Eastern regions.

Особенности современных миграционных процессов на Крайнем Северо-Востоке России (Чукотский вариант)

The article is devoted to the characteristics of the modern migration processes in the Chukotka autonomous region. The source base of this study is statistical materials, published results of the expert and mass surveys among the population conducted in 2018, 2019, 2020 in the cities and villages of the region. The paper presents comparative analysis of the migration situation in the ChAR in different years, identifies the features of the migration processes occurring in the Far North-East of Russia, characterizes the migration attitudes and attitudes towards the migrants of different groups of the region's population.The study identifies the reasons for rapid outflow of the residents of the ChAR in the early 1990th, changes in the structure of the population, including the ethnic one, and describes the current migration situation. High rates of internal migration are the main characteristic feature of the northern territories. During the times of economic growth, there is an increase in migration, in the times of crisis - an intensive decline in the population. Chukotka is characterized by such factors restraining migration as the unfavorable climate, high cost of the air tickets, high cost of the renting housing, and especially payroll. Chukotka is a territory of regulated entry for the foreign citizens, which largely constrains the flow of foreign labor migrants. The results of the polls among the residents of the region show that a significant part of the respondents is generally neutral towards Russian and foreign labor migrants; in general, the population understands the importance of the influx of qualified personnel for the development of the region. The main problem of the demographic development of the PrJSC is the migration outflow, which continues against the background of natural population growth. Currently, the region is experiencing negative dynamics of migration processes.

Компьютерное моделирование динамики процесса миграции растворимых веществ при фильтрации грунтовых вод со свободной поверхностью на основе дробно-дифференциального подхода

Компьютерное моделирование динамики процесса миграции растворимых веществ при фильтрации грунтовых вод со свободной поверхностью на основе дробно-дифференциального подхода

МІЖНАРОДНА ТРУДОВА МІГРАЦІЯ: ОСОБЛИВОСТІ, НАСЛІДКИ ДЛЯ УКРАЇНИ

International migration is a global phenomenon, with its complexity, volume and influence on the economic development of countries constantly increasing. The aim of the article is to study the state of external migration processes in Ukraine and the world, analyze factors and main trends, determine the causes of external labor population migration and their consequences for the social and economic development of our country, reveal the existing threats and negative consequences of the international labor migration for the migrants and the economy of Ukraine. The methodology of researching the scope and dynamics of migration processes, the specific features of the migration policy development in Ukraine and the world is based on the application of general scientific and special methods of the scientific research: dialectical, systematic approaches, sociological survey, comparison, statistical analysis. A particular attention is paid to the identification of the social and economic causes and consequences of the international labor migration from Ukraine. The directions of the Ukrainian labor migration, taking into account the age groups and employment sectors of domestic labor migrants, are analyzed. The main approaches to improving the state migration policy based on the regulation of labor migration processes in Ukraine, slowing the dynamics of the population migration, the retention of the population number and structure at the level providing support for the territories economic development, improvement of the national international legislation, suspension of migration expenditures, creation of conditions for the cohort of Ukrainian citizens working abroad reverse migration, etc.

Domestic and international migration in the Russian Far East in the mid-19th-early 21st century

The paper gives a retrospective analysis of the settling of the Russian Far East, periodization of the development of this macroregion from the perspective of changes in the migration processes is proposed. The formation factors and the dynamics of migration processes within three periods are given. The features and reasons for the unsatisfactory development settling of the Far East by settlers from the European part of Russia, on the one hand, and the features of employment of Chinese and Korean farmers in the Russian territory, on the other hand, during the first period are shown. The dynamics of forced and voluntary migration and the reasons for the decrease in the foreign labor force attraction in the region in the second period are considered. The formation of opposite migration flows (Russian domestic and international) during the third period is shown.

International migration links of the Middle Ural

The complex of migration links of Sverdlovsk region is considered in the article. The analysis of position of the region in the migration structure of Russian Federation and the Ural Federal district is presented based on the available literature data. An estimate of dynamics of migration processes in Sverdlovsk region is given.