Особенности современных миграционных процессов на Крайнем Северо-Востоке России (Чукотский вариант)

Abstract

The article is devoted to the characteristics of the modern migration processes in the Chukotka autonomous region. The source base of this study is statistical materials, published results of the expert and mass surveys among the population conducted in 2018, 2019, 2020 in the cities and villages of the region. The paper presents comparative analysis of the migration situation in the ChAR in different years, identifies the features of the migration processes occurring in the Far North-East of Russia, characterizes the migration attitudes and attitudes towards the migrants of different groups of the region's population.The study identifies the reasons for rapid outflow of the residents of the ChAR in the early 1990th, changes in the structure of the population, including the ethnic one, and describes the current migration situation. High rates of internal migration are the main characteristic feature of the northern territories. During the times of economic growth, there is an increase in migration, in the times of crisis - an intensive decline in the population. Chukotka is characterized by such factors restraining migration as the unfavorable climate, high cost of the air tickets, high cost of the renting housing, and especially payroll. Chukotka is a territory of regulated entry for the foreign citizens, which largely constrains the flow of foreign labor migrants. The results of the polls among the residents of the region show that a significant part of the respondents is generally neutral towards Russian and foreign labor migrants; in general, the population understands the importance of the influx of qualified personnel for the development of the region. The main problem of the demographic development of the PrJSC is the migration outflow, which continues against the background of natural population growth. Currently, the region is experiencing negative dynamics of migration processes.