Dynamic Process Research Articles

Oat Threshing Damage and Its Effect on Nutritional Components

Mechanical threshing can cause damage to oats, and the nutritional quality of the damaged kernels easily changes during storage. The current research on oats with regard to threshing damage and nutritional quality falls into two separate research areas, but they are inextricably linked. It is necessary to combine these two types of studies. In order to explore the damage mechanism of oat threshing and its effect on the nutritional components, a three-dimensional model of oat–nail-tooth impact was established, and a finite element analysis of the dynamic impact process was performed using LS-DYNA. The changes in the von Mises stress, contact force, energy, critical velocity, and damage characteristics during impact on different surfaces of the kernel were analyzed. A threshing test was carried out, and the kernels were classified according to their different damage types. The differences in the nutrient compositions and contents of oats with different damage types were analyzed by means of near-infrared spectroscopy and physicochemical testing. The results showed that the von Mises stress and contact force tended to first increase and then decrease during impact. When the impact velocity was 12 m/s, for the top, bottom, front, back, and left sides of the oat impacted by the nail tooth, the maximum von Mises stresses were 10.05, 10.46, 8.60, 9.28, and 8.49 MPa, respectively. The maximum contact forces were 25.09, 18.57, 34.29, 38.37, and 35.19 N, respectively. The critical velocities of impact damage were 13.38, 13.10, 13.40, 14.64, and 16.00 m/s, respectively. The threshing damage could be divided into four typical types: transverse fracture, bottom breakage, side fracture, and back crack. The chemical compositions of oat kernels with different damage types were basically the same, but their nutrient contents were different. These results provide a theoretical basis for optimizing oat threshing devices, reducing threshing damage, and improving oat quality.

Structural Insights of a cis-Epoxysuccinate Hydrolase Facilitate the Development of Robust Biocatalysts for the Production of l-(+)-Tartrate.

l-(+)-Tartaric acid plays important roles in various industries, including pharmaceuticals, foods, and chemicals. cis-Epoxysuccinate hydrolases (CESHs) are crucial for converting cis-epoxysuccinate to l-(+)-tartrate in the industrial production process. There is, however, a lack of detailed structural and mechanistic information on CESHs, limiting the discovery and engineering of these industrially relevant enzymes. In this study, we report the crystal structures of RoCESH and KoCESH-l-(+)-tartrate complex. These structures reveal the key amino acids of the active pocket and the catalytic triad residues and elucidate a dynamic catalytic process involving conformational changes of the active site. Leveraging the structural insights, we identified a robust BmCESH (550 ± 20 U·mg-1) with sustained catalytic activity even at a 3 M substrate concentration. After six batches of transformation, immobilized cells with overexpressed BmCESH maintained 69% of their initial activity, affording an overall productivity of 200 g/L/h. These results provide valuable insights into the development of high-efficiency CESHs and the optimization of biotransformation processes for industrial uses.

Predicting and probing the local temperature rise around plasmonic core-shell nanoparticles to study thermally activated processes.

Ultrafast spectroscopy can be used to study dynamic processes on femtosecond to nanosecond timescales, but is typically used for photoinduced processes. Several materials can induce ultrafast temperature rises upon absorption of femtosecond laser pulses, in principle allowing to study thermally activated processes, such as (catalytic) reactions, phase transitions, and conformational changes. Gold-silica core-shell nanoparticles are particularly interesting for this, as they can be used in a wide range of media and are chemically inert. Here we computationally model the temporal and spatial temperature profiles of gold nanoparticles with and without silica shell in liquid and gas media. Fast rises in temperature within tens of picoseconds are always observed. This is fast enough to study many of the aforementioned processes. We also validate our results experimentally using a poly(urethane-urea) exhibiting a temperature-dependent hydrogen bonding network, which shows local temperatures above 90 ◦C are reached on this timescale. Moreover, this experimentally shows the hydrogen bond breaking in such polymers occurs within tens of picoseconds.

Improving the open cluster census

Context. The census of open clusters has exploded in size thanks to data from the Gaia satellite. However, it is likely that many of these reported clusters are not gravitationally bound, making the open cluster census impractical for many scientific applications. Aims. We aim to test different physically motivated methods for distinguishing between bound and unbound clusters, using them to create a cleaned star cluster catalogue. Methods. We derived completeness-corrected photometric masses for 6956 clusters from our earlier work. Then, we used these masses to compute the size of the Roche surface of these clusters (their Jacobi radius) and distinguish between bound and unbound clusters. Results. We find that only 5647 (79%) of the clusters from our previous catalogue are compatible with bound open clusters, dropping to just 11% of clusters within 250 pc. Our catalogue contains 3530 open clusters in a more strongly cut high-quality sample of objects. The moving groups in our sample show different trends in their size as a function of age and mass, suggesting that they are unbound and undergoing different dynamical processes. Our cluster mass measurements constitute the largest catalogue of Milky Way cluster masses to date, which we also use for further science. Firstly, we inferred the mass-dependent completeness limit of the open cluster census, showing that the census is complete within 1.8 kpc only for objects heavier than 230 M⊙. Next, we derived a completeness-corrected age and mass function for our open cluster catalogue, including estimating that the Milky Way contains a total of 1.3 × 105 open clusters, only ∼4% of which are currently known. Finally, we show that most open clusters have mass functions compatible with the Kroupa initial mass function. Conclusions. We demonstrate Jacobi radii for distinguishing between bound and unbound star clusters, and publish an updated star cluster catalogue with masses and improved cluster classifications.

Inhibition of histone deacetylases class I improves adipogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament cells.

Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) show plasticity towards the adipogenic lineage; however, little has been done on the participation of epigenetic mechanisms. Histone acetylation is a dynamic process, though balanced by histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs) activities. This process can be halted by HDACs inhibitors, such as trichostatin A (TSA) and valproic acid (VPA). This study aimed to determine the role of HDACs class I in adipogenic differentiation of PDL cells. PDLSCs were treated with TSA at concentrations of 100, 200, and 250 nM, or VPA at 1, 4 and 8 mM. Cell viability was assessed using MTT assays. Gene expression of pluripotency markers (NANOG, OCT4, SOX2), HAT genes (p300, GCN5), and HDACs genes (HDAC1-3) was analyzed by RT-qPCR. Adipogenic differentiation was evaluated via oil red O staining, and acetylation of histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9ac) was examined by Western blot. VPA treatment resulted in a 60% reduction in cell proliferation, compared to a 50% when using TSA. Cell viability was not affected by either inhibitor. Furthermore, both TSA and VPA induced adipogenic differentiation, through an increase in the deposition of lipid droplets and in GCN5 and p300 expression were observed. Western blot analysis showed that TSA increased H3K9ac levels on adipogenic differentiation of PDLSCs. These findings highlight the potential of HDAC inhibitors as a tool for modulating H3K9 acetylation status and thus influencing adipogenic differentiation of PDLCs.

The influence of dynamic pitching on the aerodynamic performance of large horizontal axis wind turbines

To delve into the aerodynamic changes of wind turbines during pitching, this study employs the user-defined function (UDF) and dynamic mesh technique. The dynamic aerodynamic performance of a 3.3 MW turbine blade during variable pitch is investigated via numerical simulation. The results show that the optimal pitch angle increases with increasing incoming wind speed. At the initial and final stages of pitch change, the wind turbine experiences the influence of impact loads, leading to minor fluctuations in torque and thrust coefficients. Within the dynamic pitch change process, the pitch angle notably affects the aerodynamic performance of airfoils at blade x/ c = 0~0.6 c cross sections. The primary stress area of the airfoil contracts, with the blade root experiencing comparatively less impact. In the constant-wind-speed pitching scenario, the low-speed region in the immediate wake of the wind turbine diminishes, resulting in a 10.7% enhancement in the average wind speed at 2.5D wake.

Equity split evolution in entrepreneurial teams: Assessing financial contributions and human capital

ABSTRACT Proper equity splits play a vital role in the success of entrepreneurial teams, yet the literature lacks a comprehensive understanding of their evolving nature. This study addresses this gap by analyzing the dynamic and evolutionary process of equity splits using longitudinal data. Through the development of a game-theory model incorporating human-capital signals, we illuminate the impact of these factors. Utilizing data from the Kauffman Firm Survey and employing fixed- and mixed-effects modeling, we uncover significant findings. Initially, financial contributions shape equity splits, but their influence diminishes as hidden human capital gains prominence. Education attainment and work experience have no direct effect, while prior entrepreneurial experience influences the initial year but not subsequent equity resplitting. Our research offers practical insights for making informed equity-split decisions in the early and later stages of ventures. Nonetheless, it’s important to note some limitations in our research stemming from the lack of information on individual entrepreneurs’ performance within entrepreneurial teams, which could enrich the measurement of hidden human capital.

Impact of agent-based intervention strategies on the COVID-19 pandemic in large-scale dynamic contact networks

Many intervention strategies, such as patient isolation and contact tracking, had been implemented in different countries to slow down and control the spread because of the enormous threats and losses caused by COVID-19. Since the contact relationships of millions of people within cities change over time, it is difficult to accurately predict the dynamics of large-scale outbreaks and evaluate the impact of the contact tracking and isolation strategy based on individual contact history on epidemic transmission. Here, we propose a non-markov spreading model based on individual contact dynamic network, to simulate the dynamic contact processes in a city with millions of people. In this model, the historical contact population of each infected person can be backtracked and tracked. Our model can accurately describe the COVID-19 epidemic in Wuhan and Hong Kong. We assess the impact of four agent-based epidemic intervention strategies: travel control, contact tracking and isolation, vaccination, and regular nucleic acid testing to all residents on the epidemic evolution and economic losses. We find that for the original SARS-CoV-2 virus, a strict travel control strategy is effective in both suppressing the spread of COVID-19 and minimizing economic losses. For the Omicron variant (BA.2) with stronger infectious capacity, a relatively loose travel control and an appropriate combination of the other three strategies can effectively control the epidemic outbreak while minimize economic losses. This paper provides an efficient framework for assessing the combination of different agent-based strategies by large-scale simulations in the case of unknown historical contact information of large populations, and the studies on different combinations of control strategies can provide theoretical guidance for future prevention and control.

Discussion: Embracing microfluidics to advance environmental science and technology

Microfluidics, also called lab-on-a-chip, represents an emerging research platform that permits more precise and manipulation of samples at the microscale or even down to the nanoscale (nanofluidic) including picoliter droplets, microparticles, and microbes within miniaturized and highly integrated devices. This groundbreaking technology has made significant strides across multiple disciplines by providing an unprecedented view of physical, chemical, and biological events, fostering a holistic and an in-depth understanding of complex systems. The application of microfluidics to address the challenges in environmental science is likely to contribute to our better understanding, however, it's not yet fully developed. To raise researchers' interest, this discussion first delineates the valuable and underutilized environmental applications of microfluidic technology, ranging from environmental surveillance to acting as microreactors for investigating interfacial dynamic processes, and facilitating high-throughput bioassays. We highlight, with examples, how rationally designed microfluidic devices lead to new insights into the advancement of environmental science and technology. We then critically review the key challenges that hinder the practical adoption of microfluidic technologies. Specifically, we discuss the extent to which microfluidics accurately reflect realistic environmental scenarios, outline the areas to be improved, and propose strategies to overcome bottlenecks that impede the broad application of microfluidics. We also envision new opportunities and future research directions, aiming to provide guidelines for the broader utilization of microfluidics in environmental studies.

Inovasi Rekrutmen Aparatur Sipil Negara Menggunakan Sistem Computer Assisted Test (CAT)

CAT BKN is an innovation that contributes to the transformation of the ASN selection system in Indonesia. This innovation plays a very important role in preventing undesirable things, such as fraud in the CASN recruitment and selection process. Carrying out exams which usually use answer sheets and piles of question papers has become a selection system based on computer applications that is effective and efficient and reduces the opportunity for nepotism in recruitment. This article aims to look at the dynamics of the innovation process that occurred when CAT was formed as a method for CASN selection.

Ly6Chi Monocytes Are Metabolically Reprogrammed in the Blood during Inflammatory Stimulation and Require Intact OxPhos for Chemotaxis and Monocyte to Macrophage Differentiation.

Acute inflammation is a rapid and dynamic process involving the recruitment and activation of multiple cell types in a coordinated and precise manner. Here, we investigate the origin and transcriptional reprogramming of monocytes using a model of acute inflammation, zymosan-induced peritonitis. Monocyte trafficking and adoptive transfer experiments confirmed that monocytes undergo rapid phenotypic change as they exit the blood and give rise to monocyte-derived macrophages that persist during the resolution of inflammation. Single-cell transcriptomics revealed significant heterogeneity within the surface marker-defined CD11b+Ly6G-Ly6Chi monocyte populations within the blood and at the site of inflammation. We show that two major transcriptional reprogramming events occur during the initial six hours of Ly6Chi monocyte mobilisation, one in the blood priming monocytes for migration and a second at the site of inflammation. Pathway analysis revealed an important role for oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) during both these reprogramming events. Experimentally, we demonstrate that OxPhos via the intact mitochondrial electron transport chain is essential for murine and human monocyte chemotaxis. Moreover, OxPhos is needed for monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation and macrophage M(IL-4) polarisation. These new findings from transcriptional profiling open up the possibility that shifting monocyte metabolic capacity towards OxPhos could facilitate enhanced macrophage M2-like polarisation to aid inflammation resolution and tissue repair.

Duality between predictability and reconstructability in complex systems

Predicting the evolution of a large system of units using its structure of interaction is a fundamental problem in complex system theory. And so is the problem of reconstructing the structure of interaction from temporal observations. Here, we find an intricate relationship between predictability and reconstructability using an information-theoretical point of view. We use the mutual information between a random graph and a stochastic process evolving on this random graph to quantify their codependence. Then, we show how the uncertainty coefficients, which are intimately related to that mutual information, quantify our ability to reconstruct a graph from an observed time series, and our ability to predict the evolution of a process from the structure of its interactions. We provide analytical calculations of the uncertainty coefficients for many different systems, including continuous deterministic systems, and describe a numerical procedure when exact calculations are intractable. Interestingly, we find that predictability and reconstructability, even though closely connected by the mutual information, can behave differently, even in a dual manner. We prove how such duality universally emerges when changing the number of steps in the process. Finally, we provide evidence that predictability-reconstruction dualities may exist in dynamical processes on real networks close to criticality.

Drop‐on‐Demand Electrohydrodynamic Printing of Nematic Liquid Crystals

Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) printing of nematic liquid crystals (LCs) is demonstrated. Miniscule LC droplets, as small as 1 micron, are generated with the EHD printing system and deposited with high precision onto a glass substrate. Herein, we show how the voltage waveform and pulse frequency applied to the print nozzle influences the dynamics of the deposition process and the final landed footprint diameter of the printed spherical‐cap‐shaped LC droplets at the glass substrater. To complement results from high‐speed shadowgraphy imaging, simulations are employed to model the jetting process and the formation of the Taylor cone. Using EHD printing, results for two different printing modes, cone jetting and microdripping, are shown. The benefits and drawbacks of each mode are highlighted, and the paper is concluded with the demonstration of a printed alphanumeric pattern that showcases the capability of EHD printing to deposit very small volumes of nematic LC in order to form well‐defined spatial patterns.

Altered excitation energy transfer between phycobilisome and photosystems in the absence of ApcG, a small linker peptide, in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, a cyanobacterium

Phycobilisome (PBS) is a large pigment-protein complex in cyanobacteria and red algae responsible for capturing sunlight and transferring its energy to photosystems (PS). Spectroscopic and structural properties of various PBSs have been widely studied, however, the nature of so-called complex-complex interactions between PBS and PSs remains much less explored. In this work, we have investigated the function of a newly identified PBS linker protein, ApcG, some domain of which, together with a loop region (PB-loop in ApcE), is possibly located near the PBS-PS interface. Using Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, we generated an ApcG deletion mutant and probed its deletion effect on the energetic coupling between PBS and photosystems. Steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopic characterization of the purified ΔApcG-PBS demonstrated that ApcG removal weakly affects the photophysical properties of PBS for which the spectroscopic properties of terminal energy emitters are comparable to those of PBS from wild-type strain. However, analysis of fluorescence decay imaging datasets reveals that ApcG deletion induces disruptions within the allophycocyanin (APC) core, resulting in the emergence (splitting) of two spectrally diverse subgroups with some short-lived APC. Profound spectroscopic changes of the whole ΔApcG mutant cell, however, emerge during state transition, a dynamic process of light scheme adaptation. The mutant cells in State I show a substantial increase in PBS-related fluorescence. On the other hand, global analysis of time-resolved fluorescence demonstrates that in general ApcG deletion does not alter or inhibit state transitions interpreted in terms of the changes of the PSII and PSI fluorescence emission intensity. The results revealed yet–to–be discovered mechanism of ApcG-docking induced excitation energy transfer regulation within PBS or to Photosystems.

A taxonomy of didactic roles of dynamic visualization in animated mathematics videos

Abstract In recent years, a multitude of innovative educational videos focusing on mathematics and employing dynamic visualization techniques have been published on YouTube. From a sample of videos, we develop a taxonomy of didactical roles of dynamic visuals and supporting animation techniques. The taxonomy is constructed through an open coding approach, involving an iterative process of defining, analysing and refining the codes. Additionally, we conducted an interview with a video creator about the intended roles of dynamic visuals employed in his animations. The taxonomy encompasses the following categories of roles: connect objects, (co)vary objects, dynamic concept visualization, dynamic process visualization, symbol sense, connect to reality and generalization. These roles are implemented through animation techniques like moving and morphing. The nomenclature of these roles suggests their affiliation with various mathematics education research perspectives, including covariational thinking, concept–process duality, symbol sense and conversion between registers. The taxonomy serves as a foundational framework for further research into the learning outcome and effectiveness of dynamic visualization in educational mathematics videos.

Terahertz spectroscopic study of the dehydration process and hydrogen bonding network of DL-glutamic acid and its monohydrate

The dehydration process involves the dissociation and reorganization of hydrogen bonds, and for the characterization of the dehydration process of amino acid-based hydrates, the analysis of their molecular vibrational modes and hydrogen bonds is still challenging nowadays. In this paper, the dynamic process of the dehydration of DL-glutamic acid monohydrate was monitored using terahertz spectroscopy. Quantitative simulations were performed on DL-glutamic acid and its monohydrate, with vibrational mode assignments and hydrogen bonding network analysis based on Density Functional Theory (DFT) for terahertz absorption peaks. The results show that the hydrogen bond stretching vibration is intermixed with atomic vibration. Specifically, the intermolecular hydrogen bond O4-H9···O2 of DL-glutamic acid exhibits a stronger vibration at 2.43 THz. Furthermore, the intramolecular hydrogen bond O5-H11···O4 in DL-glutamic acid monohydrate shows significant changes in bond length and bond angle at 1.85 THz. These findings validate the effectiveness of terahertz spectroscopy in monitoring the transformation process of the hydrate and the analysis of the hydrogen bond.

Analysis of the dynamics of technogenic deformation processes during the development of oil and gas fields on the Earth’s surface

The need to take into account technogenic deformation processes during the development of oil and gas fields is due to their various negative consequences. The influence of the stiffness (load-bearing capacity) of rocks, including permafrost, over the developed deposit, its size and shape on the dynamics of technogenic deformation processes of drained formations and the manifestation of these processes on the daylight surface is shown. The dynamics of technogenic processes of rocks in the interwell space is described. In order to reduce the negative consequences of technogenic processes, uniform drainage of the entire area of the developed field is proposed.

Spatial distribution of crystalline silicates in protoplanetary disks: How to interpret mid-infrared observations

Context. Crystalline silicates are an important tracer of the evolution of dust, the main building block of planet formation. In an inner protoplanetary disk, amorphous silicates are annealed because of the high temperatures that prevail there. These crystalline silicates are radially and vertically distributed by a disk turbulence and/or radial transport. Mid-infrared spectrographs are sensitive to the presence and temperature of micron-sized silicates, and the dust temperature can be used to infer their spatial distribution. Aims. We aim to model the spatial distribution of crystalline silicate dust in protoplanetary disks taking into account thermal annealing of silicate dust and radial transport of dust in the midplane. Using the resulting spatial distribution of crystalline and amorphous silicates, we calculated mid-infrared spectra to study the effect on dust features and to compare these to observations. Methods. We modeled a Class II T-Tauri protoplanetary disk and defined the region where crystallization happens by thermal annealing process from the comparison between crystallization and residence timescales ($ cryst res $). Radial mixing and drift were also compared to find a vertically well mixed region ($ ver drift $). We used the DISKLAB code to model the radial transport in the midplane and obtained the spatial distribution of the crystalline silicates for different grain sizes. We used MCMax, a radiative transfer code, to model the mid-infrared spectrum. Results. In our modeled T-Tauri disk, different grain sizes get crystallized in different radial and vertical ranges within 0.2 au. Small dust gets vertically mixed up efficiently, so crystallized small dust in the disk surface is well mixed with the midplane. Inward of 0.075 au, all grains are fully crystalline irrespective of their size. We also find that the crystallized dust is distributed out to a few au by radial transport, smaller grains more so than larger ones. Our fiducial model shows different contributions of the inner and outer disks to the dust spectral features. The $10 forsterite feature has an $ 30 <!PCT!>$ contribution from the innermost disk (0.07-0.09 au) and $<1 <!PCT!>$ from the disk beyond 10 au while the $33 feature has an $ 10 <!PCT!>$ contribution from both innermost and outer disks. We also find that feature strengths change when varying the spatial distribution of crystalline dust. Our modeled spectra qualitatively agree with observations from the Spitzer Space Telescope, but the modeled 10 mu m feature is strongly dominated by crystalline dust, unlike observations. Models with reduced crystallinity and depletion of small crystalline dust within 0.2 au show a better match with observations. Conclusions. Mid-infrared observations of the disk surface represent the radial distribution of small dust grains in the midplane and provide us with abundances of crystalline and amorphous dust, size distribution, and chemical composition in the inner disk. The inner and outer disks contribute more to shorter and longer wavelength features, respectively. In addition to the crystallization and dynamical processes, amorphization, sublimation of silicates, and dust evolution have to be taken into account to match observations, especially at $ where the inner disk mostly contributes. This study could interpret spectra of protoplanetary disks taken with the Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI) on board the James Webb Space Telescope.

Applying Blockchain, Causal Loop Diagrams, and the Analytical Hierarchy Process to Enhance Fifth-Generation Ceramic Antenna Manufacturing: A Technology–Organization–Environment Framework Approach

This study used a technology–organization–environment (TOE) framework as the primary analytical tool to explore the burgeoning capabilities of blockchain technology in the area of 5G ceramic antenna development. A causal loop diagram (CLD) analysis is used to further clarify the complex dynamics and feedback mechanisms, and the impact of blockchain on the design, production, and deployment phases of ceramic antennas, which play a pivotal role in the development of 5G communications, is studied. We found that blockchain’s unique features, including its immutable ledger and decentralized architecture, have the potential to significantly improve the transparency, security, and efficiency of the ceramic antenna manufacturing process. Technology (T), organization (O), and environment (E) were used as the top factors, and the subfactors of TOE were selected and analyzed using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) by CLD. The AHP analysis was used to evaluate the relative importance of various internal and external factors affecting the adoption of blockchain technology. The integration of the TOE framework with AHP and CLD provides a comprehensive analytical tool that enhances the understanding of the complex dynamics in the 5G ceramic antenna manufacturing process. This methodological approach not only clarifies the interactions between technological, organizational, and environmental factors but also facilitates strategic decision-making through a structured evaluation of these factors. The AHP analysis showed that technical factors are the most important in the TOE analysis of 5G ceramic antenna manufacturing, with a weight of 0.427, which indicates the important role of technical factors in the development of ceramic antenna production. In addition, environmental and organizational factors were given weights of 0.302 and 0.271, respectively, confirming the importance of technological innovation and internal process optimization. In the subfactor of Technology (T), ‘Blockchain Technology’ has the highest ranking among the subfactors, with a global weight value of 0.129, emphasizing the importance of blockchain technology. This study explored the technical and organizational complexities of introducing blockchain technology into the 5G ceramic antenna manufacturing industry and, through an in-depth investigation of the potential benefits of such integration, it aims to propose new approaches to improve quality control and manufacturing efficiency. The research findings aim to contribute to the sustainable growth of the telecommunications industry by providing strategic recommendations for the application of blockchain technology in the production of 5G ceramic antennas.

Editorial Conclusion for the Special Issue “New Theory and Applications of Nonlinear Analysis, Fractional Calculus and Optimization”

Nonlinear analysis has widespread and significant applications in many areas at the core of many branches of pure and applied mathematics and modern science, including nonlinear ordinary and partial differential equations, critical point theory, functional analysis, fixed point theory, nonlinear optimization, fractional calculus, variational analysis, convex analysis, dynamical system theory, mathematical economics, data mining, signal processing, control theory, and many more [...]