Dynamic Visual Image Research Articles

SENSORY MODALITY IN ADVERTISING DISCOURSE

The article is dedicated to the study of sensory modalities in advertising discourse. Advertising discourse refers to the language and communication strategies employed in advertising messages as cohesive texts deeply embedded in real-life contexts amidst numerous accompanying background elements within an integrated communicative environment. It encompasses the linguistic choices, persuasive techniques, and stylistic features used to convey marketing messages to a target audience, aiming at attracting attention, creating desire, and encouraging action, typically towards purchasing a product or service. The aim of this article is to analyze the ways of realizing sensory modalities in advertising discourse. The object of the research is advertising discourse, the subject being manifestations of sensory modalities in advertisements. The factual material of the research was selected from the collections of popular or iconic advertisements. Advertising discourse often appeals to emotions and utilizes visual elements to communicate the intended message effectively and influence consumer behaviour. The heterogeneity of advertisements, represented by a phrase alone or in combination with a static or dynamic visual image or acoustic accompaniment, these combinations vary significantly, increasing the desirability of the advertised product to impress us daily. Different sensory modalities — visual, associated with images; auditory, associated with sounds and their perception; and kinesthetic, associated with physical sensations, as well as their manifestations, reflected in certain speech predicates –influence how we think, feel, mentally represent our experiences and make choices. The application of sensory modalities in advertising discourse is observed on three levels: on the first level, we deal with the material representation of the advertising message that results in different communicative types of advertisements; on the second level, the preferred representational system is revealed via predicates or the sensory-based words; on the third level, product names, pragmatonyms, become the bearers of sensory information, consequently appealing to human senses.

THE THEME OF THE DEPORTATION OF THE CHECHEN PEOPLE IN THE GRAPHIC CYCLE CROSSROADS OF MEMORY (1944-2019) BY RUSTAM YAKHIKHANOV

This study is the first to present an analysis of previously unexplored works that serve as an artistic response to the tragic events in the history of the Chechen people in 1944. Using the works of the graphic cycle by artist R. Yakhihhanov as an example, the study reveals the peculiarities of interpreting ideas and plots to unfold the theme of deportation. Drawing on the life experiences of senior family members and relatives who suffered political repression, the artist conveys personal tragedies and losses to the viewer.
 The aim of the research is to identify as well as philosophically and culturally analyze the artistic representation of the theme of the deportation of the Chechen people in the graphic cycle Crossroads of Memory, dedicated to the 75th anniversary of the deportation of the Chechen and Ingush peoples. Objectives: to uncover the ideological and moral aspects of the author’s graphic works, as well as to show the way the artist transforms his experiences into dynamic and memorable visual images; examine and analyze the ways in which the theme of deportation is embodied in the author’s works.
 Materials and methods. The work is primarily based on graphic works created between 2013-2018, as well as information from the catalogue of exhibitions by the Chechen artist. The fundamental research method is a comprehensive approach, incorporating methods of concrete-historical and semiotic analysis, figurative-stylistic analysis, as well as methods of extraction and explication.
 Results. In the images of the cycle Crossroads of Memory by R. Yakhikhanov, one can see a combination of artistic and documentary elements, modern graphic techniques, and traditional symbolic systems within the context of archetypes of traditional Chechen culture. The graphic canvases vividly and convincingly recreate the sense of pain felt by an entire nation due to the loss of their homeland. The main idea of the cycle is the belief in the courage, resilience, and sense of justice of the people who managed to endure these terrible years and return to their homeland with honour.
 Practical implications. The research findings can be applied in lectures and seminars on museum studies and cultural studies, in conducting tours in art galleries, and in compiling a catalogue of R. Yakhikhanov’s works.

Research on landscape elements in urban tunnel sections under driving conditions

Traditional urban tunnel landscape design focuses on static conditions and neglects the influence of dynamic visual perception differences on the landscape effect that drivers experience under actual driving conditions. To optimize the design of tunnel landscapes both qualitatively and quantitatively, it is necessary to extract and analyze the landscape elements present in urban tunnel sections while considering dynamic visual perception. In the present study, a geometric visual region model was established by introducing the concept of equivalent radius based on the relationship between speed and visual changes. Three typical categories of tunnel landscape materials were collected using field surveys and video shooting methods. Geometric characteristics of landscape elements were extracted from pixelated dynamic visual images, resulting in evaluation indicators for these elements, and the element grades were determined using the Schroeder method. An analysis was conducted to identify the main landscape elements and their distinct characteristics in urban tunnels. Critical components that were examined included tunnel ceilings, sidewalls, road surfaces, and pedestrian walkway object marking. The distribution of these elements in terms of pixel area ratios was determined to be 29.7% for tunnel ceilings, 27.2% for sidewalls, 19.6% for road surfaces, and 4.9% for pedestrian walkway object marking. Optimizing these designs requires controlling unity and contrast in colour design as well as hierarchy, rhythm, proportionality, and unity in pattern design. The results from the field investigation, pixel extraction, and correlation coefficient analysis provide strong evidence supporting the correlation between the main landscape elements identified by the theoretical model. In fact, the correlation exceeds 50%, indicating a significant relationship between these elements. These findings validate the reasonableness of the theoretical model in achieving quantitative design for significant landscape areas and provide a solid foundation for establishing an evaluation index system for urban tunnel landscapes.

HARDER THAN SAID: GETTING PAST «WAR OF ALL AGAINST ALL» IN THE NEGOTIATION LEARNING

The purpose of the article was to study students' stereotypes regarding the negotiation process. The use of projective methods helped understand whether students taking specialized courses on negotiations tended to adhere to classical economic provisions and how prevalent this mindset was. The study's results confirmed the frequent presence of simplified ideas about the roles of participants in negotiations, the nature of the process itself, and the perception of other participants, among other aspects. Interestingly, even the newest concepts, presented through textual and multimodal representations, often fell victim to traditional logic in students' interpretations. Most notably, negotiations were still predominantly associated with money conversations, rather than considering the interests of all participants. The dynamic visual images chosen by students as representations of real negotiations demonstrated the persistent influence of stereotypes over innovation in the negotiation context. Particularly, the stereotype regarding the rationality of negotiations was clearly evident. Addressing this challenge in specialized teaching and learning, the authors proposed a realistic approach that incorporates practical experience.

BASIK FOUNDATIONS OF THE FORMATION OF KINETIC ARCHITECTURE

The article actualizes the significance of kinetic architecture not only as the creation of a dynamic visual image of the spatial form of a building or structure, but also as a transformation, the mobility of the architectural form itself – from a kinetic facade or roof to a changing layout and volume of the building as a whole, provided by the mobility of its structural elements. Moreover, dynamic architecture is understood today as a kinematic architecture, including movement, transformation of the spatial form of the building. The purpose of the article is to reveal the basic principles of the formation of kinetic architecture in the past and present in order to determine the possibilities for further development. Summarize the trends in the expression of the plastic language of the 21st century and outline their development vectors. The historical context and the main stages in the development of kinetic architecture from the innovative ideas of the futurists to the innovative projects of our time are considered. The experience of the Soviet period and foreign experience, as well as modern trends in the development of kinetic architecture are considered. Examples of architectural objects characterized specifically by innovativeness in the materials used, developments, constructive solutions, design, engineering support are structures and structures with dynamic properties. Modern scientific and technological progress in the construction industry, the growth of material opportunities, social and cultural needs of society, led to the emergence of new ideas, concepts, projects in architectural creativity. A number of aspects (essential during the period of operation of the structure) are identified, which determine the real dynamism of the architectural form, expressed in the mechanical movement of the form itself or its individual elements (form kinetics).

АЛГОРИТМ ПРЕДВАРИТЕЛЬНОЙ ОБРАБОТКИ ВИДЕОИЗОБРАЖЕНИЙ ДЛЯ ПОВЫШЕНИЯ ТОЧНОСТИ ОБНАРУЖЕНИЯ МАЛОРАЗМЕРНЫХ ОБРАЗОВ

Recognition of certain patterns in video images captured by a camera is carried out usingtraining methods based on convolutional neural networks. The larger the number of images withmultiple features and the more diverse the training sample of video images, the better the convolutionalneural networks extract features from the sequence of video images that were not included inthe training sample. This is a consequence of increasing the accuracy of detecting visual images onvideo images containing features of target images. However, there are limitations in improving thedetection performance when the size of the image to be detected is much smaller than the backgroundarea, or when the image is described with little information. To solve problems of this kind, the authorsof the article have developed an algorithm for the spatio-temporal integration of informationabout the movement of dynamic images. The algorithm processes a fixed number of video images atcertain points in time and extracts new independent signs of motion of dynamic images based onspace-time processing of video images. Further, it combines new local motion features with the originalvideo image features. This allows you to add a motion feature of dynamic images while preservingthe original image features that describe static images. Areas of the video image that characterizethe motion feature are displayed in a «color» cluster. The use of pre-processing is aimed at improving the accuracy of pattern detection, provided there are dynamic visual images on a static background.If the camera is in scan mode, a static background can be provided with a video stabilizer.Experimentally, estimates of integral criteria for the accuracy of detection neural network algorithmshave been obtained, showing an increase in the accuracy of detecting visual images usingthe algorithm for spatial-temporal integration of motion information.

СУСПІЛЬНО-ПОЛІТИЧНІ РЕАЛІЇ В СУЧАСНОМУ БРИТАНСЬКОМУ ПОЛІТИЧНОМУ ДИСКУРСІ РІЗНИХ ВІДЕОЖАНРІВ

Social and political nationally-biased vocabulary plays an important role in shaping the cultural paradigm of each country as it relates to various aspects of human activity and embodies the view of events in the history of the country from the point of view of politicians, as well as experts in certain fields. The presence of a large number of social and political nationally-biased vocabulary determines the genre specifics of their construction in mass media. It preconditions the relevance of the social and political nationally-biased vocabulary of Great Britain studies in the context of video genres diversity, among which are debates, political shows, and video interviews. In the discourse under consideration meaning making takes place in integration of different semiotic modes. In particular, verbal – scripts of original video interviews, political shows, and debates, where socio-political nationally-biased vocabulary functions. In turn, visual mode is represented by static and dynamic visual images. The former include photos, diagrams, graphs, etc. Dynamic images embrace change of visual images in videos. Both static and dynamic images accompany verbal representation of nationally-biased vocabulary. Kinesic semiotic mode is manifested via gestures, facial expressions of participants in original video interviews, political shows, and debates. An auditory mode is represented by a melody that accompanies the verbal representation of nationally-biased vocabulary. The aim of the article is to identify the nature and types of social and political nationally-biased vocabulary in present-day British political discourse of various video genres. The concept of "social and political nationally-biased vocabulary" is defined, the classification of social and political nationallybiased vocabulary from the standpoint of multimodality theory is specified. The article reveals specific features of the use of social and political nationally-biased vocabulary by the representatives of British political elite. The paper analyzes several excerpts from the interviews with Edward Heath, the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom in 1970-1974 on Thames Television and the current Prime Minister Boris Johnson on BBC. A comparative analysis of the interviewer's methods of interaction with the guest of the TV program is performed. It has been proved that non-verbal communication plays an important role in present-day political discourse.

Dynamic Visual Communication Image Framing of Graphic Design in a Virtual Reality Environment

This paper explores dynamic visual communication image framing for graphic design based on virtual reality algorithms; it defines corresponding feature representations by delineating layers of pixels, elements, relationships, planes, and applications; and it investigates methods for quantifying geometric features, perceptual features, and style features. The contents include extraction methods for element colors, calculation methods for layout perceptual features and color-matching perceptual features, and pairwise comparison methods for style features. By overfitting the distribution of geometric features in the data, the model can predict the probability density distribution of features such as element position and color under specific conditions to support the generation of flat images. To construct a prediction model, the sampling method of features, the model optimization method, and the data learning strategy are investigated. This thesis involves the design and implementation of a lossless/near-lossless compression system for high-frame-rate gaze camera image data, which is faced with the technical problems of high fidelity and strong real-time and reliable compression. The image single-frame lossless/near-loss-free compression ratio is generally low, and the compression ratio can be improved by using the correlation between image frames. In this paper, we study the application of lossless compression between image frames, the efficient computing structure of FPGA, and an onboard compression system.

Dynamic multifoveated structure for real-time vision tasks in robotic systems

Foveation is a technique that allows real-time image processing by drastically reducing the amount of visual data without loosing essential information around some focused area. When a robot needs to pay attention at two or more regions of the image at the same time, e.g., for tracking two or more objects, multifoveation is necessary. In this case, computing features twice in the intersections between the different foveated structures, which could linearly increase the processing time, must be avoided. To solve this redundancy removal problem, we propose two algorithms. The first one is based on the previous calculation of redundant blocks and the second one is based on a pixel-by-pixel processing at execution time. Experimental results show a gain in processing time for the block-based model in comparison with the pixel-by-pixel and also of both in comparison with other approaches that sequentially calculate various single foveated images. Robotics vision and other tasks related to dynamic visual attention, as recognition, real-time surveillance, video transmission, and image rendering, are examples of applications that can rely on and strongly benefit from such model.

Evaluating the Signal Processing Capacities of Post-Mortem Cerebral Cortical Tissue by Artificial Phototransduction of Dynamic Visual Stimuli

The signal processing function of human cerebral cortical tissues is determined by the regional cytoarchitectures distributed throughout the brain. Based upon this assumption, we pursued the hypothesis that residual microstructure within the primary and associative visual cortices of a fixed, post-mortem whole human brain would process electrical signals differentially. To this end, we designed and engineered a very simple brain-photocell interface. Photostimuli, presented as either periodic flashes or as dynamic visual images, were transduced by photocells attached to the optic nerve of a post-mortem human brain specimen. The novel approach revealed that microvolt fluctuations within the primary and associative visual cortices could be discriminated. Simple light-dark discrimination was noted for the primary visual area (BA17) whereas within the right occipito-parietal cortices of the dorsal visual stream (BA19, BA7), spectral power of microvolt fluctuations could discriminate moving visual stimuli from those which were non-moving. Discriminant analysis classified movement represented within the right parietal lobe with 80% success. Together, the results suggest that artificially generated electrical signals are processed differentially by alternative cortical regions in the post-mortem brain.

Reconstruction: a reference guide

Providing an exciting narrative of Reconstruction based on current scholarship, historical sources, as well as interpretive essays on special topics, this book offers real insight into a controversial and critical period in American history. * Provides readers with an understanding of Reconstruction based on the most recent scholarship and analytical essays that promote critical thinking about important issues of this critical era * Presents extensive primary source material that allows readers to interpret the period through the eyes of participants as well as dynamic visual images from the period accompanied by explanatory captions * Contains biographical entries that provide insight into the lives of key people from the period * Includes an extensive annotated bibliography that encourages readers to explore issues in more depth

Relating visual images to subtitle translation in Finding Nemo: A multi-semiotic interplay

Focusing on the role of semiotic interplay in subtitling, this paper draws upon Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) -informed multimodality and semiotic translation to address the subtitle translation in Finding Nemo . In so doing, the subtitle translation is analysed at Kress and van Leeuwen’s three metafunctional levels with a view to relating dynamic visual images to subtitle translation, while previous studies only consider interrelations between static images and isolated filmic units. This paper examines the types and functions of semiotic interplay, and the concrete influence that such interplay brings to bear on subtitle translation. This study finds that there are six types of semiotic interplay, operating at three metafunctional levels, which perform different functions to facilitate the subtitling process and which exert different impacts on subtitle translation.

Effective encoding for the recognition of spatial configuration and color

Three experiments examined the types of encoding that were effective for the recognition of spatial and color information. In Experiments 1 and 2, four experimental groups (each asked to form a different type of mental image of stimuli) and one control group (not asked to form an image) were presented spatial configuration patterns with different numbers of black dots. In both experiments, for the group that formed motor images with actual movement, the average score was higher for stimuli with a larger number of dots than for stimuli with fewer dots. Two groups, which formed dynamic visual images and motor images with no actual movement, respectively, showed similar limited effects. In Experiment 3, the five groups were presented two types of chromatic stimuli (colored panels and colored dots). Static visual images were effective for encoding the colored panels; however, static visual images and motor images with actual movement were effective for encoding the colored dots. These results suggest that motor and dynamic encodings facilitate memory for objects where spatial configuration is important for identification, while static visual images of the whole picture facilitate memory for objects where multiple colors are significant.

Self-Organization of Spatio-Temporal Hierarchy via Learning of Dynamic Visual Image Patterns on Action Sequences.

It is well known that the visual cortex efficiently processes high-dimensional spatial information by using a hierarchical structure. Recently, computational models that were inspired by the spatial hierarchy of the visual cortex have shown remarkable performance in image recognition. Up to now, however, most biological and computational modeling studies have mainly focused on the spatial domain and do not discuss temporal domain processing of the visual cortex. Several studies on the visual cortex and other brain areas associated with motor control support that the brain also uses its hierarchical structure as a processing mechanism for temporal information. Based on the success of previous computational models using spatial hierarchy and temporal hierarchy observed in the brain, the current report introduces a novel neural network model for the recognition of dynamic visual image patterns based solely on the learning of exemplars. This model is characterized by the application of both spatial and temporal constraints on local neural activities, resulting in the self-organization of a spatio-temporal hierarchy necessary for the recognition of complex dynamic visual image patterns. The evaluation with the Weizmann dataset in recognition of a set of prototypical human movement patterns showed that the proposed model is significantly robust in recognizing dynamically occluded visual patterns compared to other baseline models. Furthermore, an evaluation test for the recognition of concatenated sequences of those prototypical movement patterns indicated that the model is endowed with a remarkable capability for the contextual recognition of long-range dynamic visual image patterns.

The Role of Visual Design in Game Design

This article examines the visual design of games. To this end, visual design is analyzed according to dynamic visual images, semiotics, and interaction using Deleuze’s concept of “movement image.” As part of the analysis, the article presents the winning games from the Independent Game Festival. The analysis of visual design provides structure aimed at showing how games attribute aesthetical value to gameplay and how elements of visual design and game design combine their inherent qualities to form a game.

Internal Representation of Movement Sequences on Reproduction of Static Drawings and the Trajectories of Moving Objects

We report here studies of the nature of neural codes (perceptual, abstract, or motor) used for the internal representation of elements of sequences of movements in the CNS. Results from two experiments are presented, in which two independent groups of subjects (16 right-handed adults in each) were tasked with using a graphics tablet to reproduce trajectories – unclosed broken trajectories consisting of straight-line segments and specified visually. Two types of visual trajectory presentation were used: static (drawings) and dynamic (a moving object). The results showed: 1) that over a range of delays from 0 to 1 sec, the latent period of delayed reproduction of the visually specified trajectory was greater when the sample was a moving object than when it was a static drawing, while with a delay of 3 sec, the latent periods were identical for the two trajectory presentation regimes; 2) that the latent period decreased exponentially with increases in the delay from 0 to 3 sec, the decay time constants differing for presentation of static (377 msec) and dynamic (656 msec) visual images. The data are consistent with the concepts that the internal representation of movement sequences is perceptual in nature and that transformation into motor codes occurs immediately before movement execution. The suggestion that the exponential contraction of the latent period of motor trajectory reproduction seen with increases in delay time may be linked with the process of transforming the initial sensory information on the whole visual scene into a perceptual representation of the trajectory is presented and evaluated.

Vibration response imaging: protocol for a systematic review

BackgroundThe concept of lung sounds conveying information regarding lung physiology has been used extensively in clinical practice, particularly with physical auscultation using a stethoscope. Advances in computer technology have facilitated the construction of dynamic visual images derived from recorded lung sounds. Arguably, the most significant progress in this field was the development of the commercially available vibration response imaging (VRI) (Deep Breeze Ltd, Or-Akiva, Israel). This device provides a non-invasive, dynamic image of both lungs constructed from sounds detected from the lungs using surface sensors. In the literature, VRI has been utilized in a multitude of clinical and research settings. This systematic review aims to address three study questions relating to whether VRI can be used as an evaluative device, whether the images generated can be characterized, and which tools and measures have been used to assess these images.Methods/DesignThis systematic review will involve implementing search strategies in five online journal databases in order to extract articles relating to the application of VRI. Appropriate articles will be identified against a set of pre-determined eligibility criteria and assessed for methodological quality using a standardized scale. Included articles will have data extracted by the reviewers using a standardized evidence table. A narrative synthesis based on a standardized framework will be conducted, clustering evidence into three main groups; one for each of the study questions. A meta-analysis will be conducted if two or more research articles meet pre-determined criteria that allow quantitative synthesis to take place.DiscussionThis systematic review aims to provide a complete overview of the scope of VRI in the clinical and research settings, as well as to discuss methods to interpret the data obtained from VRI. The systematic review intends to help clinicians to make informed decisions on the clinical applicability of the device, to allow researchers to identify further potential avenues of investigation, and to provide methods for the evaluation and interpretation of dynamic and static images. The publication and registration of this review with PROSPERO provides transparency and accountability, and facilitates the appraisal of the proposed systematic review against the original design.Trial registrationPROSPERO registration number: CRD42013003751

Causality: Perceiving the Causes of Visual Events

Adapting to visual collisions increases the tendency to see the colliding objects as sliding over one another, rather than as one 'launching' another, but only in the adapted retinal location. This demonstrates a low-level perceptual component to the interpretation of the causes of visual events.

Recognition of dynamic visual images based on group transformations

A new dynamic image recognition method for image sequences based on two-level recognition of individual states and a set of states as a whole is considered in the paper. Integrated and invariant estimations of internal automorphisms are suggested. The modified collective decision-making method for dynamic image recognition uses four types of pseudodistances, in order to obtain a measure of similarity of input dynamic images with dynamic reference images depending on representation of dynamic features, as sets of numerical parameters, sets of vectors, or sets of functions. The experimental data on dynamic image recognition based on various measures of similarity of the sample with the reference pattern, which take into account isomorphic and permissible homomorphic transformations of visual projections, are presented.

Gender differences in autobiographical memory for everyday events: Retrieval elicited by SenseCam images versus verbal cues

Gender differences are frequently observed in autobiographical memory (AM). However, few studies have investigated the neural basis of potential gender differences in AM. In the present functional MRI (fMRI) study we investigated gender differences in AMs elicited using dynamic visual images vs verbal cues. We used a novel technology called a SenseCam, a wearable device that automatically takes thousands of photographs. SenseCam differs considerably from other prospective methods of generating retrieval cues because it does not disrupt the ongoing experience. This allowed us to control for potential gender differences in emotional processing and elaborative rehearsal, while manipulating how the AMs were elicited. We predicted that males would retrieve more richly experienced AMs elicited by the SenseCam images vs the verbal cues, whereas females would show equal sensitivity to both cues. The behavioural results indicated that there were no gender differences in subjective ratings of reliving, importance, vividness, emotion, and uniqueness, suggesting that gender differences in brain activity were not due to differences in these measures of phenomenological experience. Consistent with our predictions, the fMRI results revealed that males showed a greater difference in functional activity associated with the rich experience of SenseCam vs verbal cues, than did females.