Dynamical Supersymmetry Research Articles

Moduli stabilization and uplifting with dynamically generated F-terms

We use the F-term dynamical supersymmetry breaking models with metastable vacua in order to uplift the vacuum energy in the KKLT moduli stabilization scenario. The main advantage compared to earlier proposals is the manifest supersymmetric treatment and the natural coexistence of a TeV gravitino mass with a zero cosmological constant. We argue that it is generically difficult to avoid anti de-Sitter supersymmetric minima, however the tunneling rate from the metastable vacuum with zero vacuum energy towards them can be very suppressed. We briefly comment on the properties of the induced soft terms in the observable sector.

Gauge/gravity duality and meta-stable dynamical supersymmetry breaking

We engineer a class of quiver gauge theories with several interesting features by studying D-branes at a simple Calabi-Yau singularity. At weak 't Hooft coupling we argue using field theory techniques that these theories admit both supersymmetric vacua and meta-stable non-supersymmetric vacua, though the arguments indicating the existence of the supersymmetry breaking states are not decisive. At strong 't Hooft coupling we find simple candidate gravity dual descriptions for both sets of vacua.

Inflaton decay through supergravity effects

We point out that supergravity effects enable the inflaton to decay into all matter fields, including the visible and the supersymmetry breaking sectors, once the inflaton acquires a non-vanishing vacuum expectation value. The new decay processes have great impacts on cosmology; the reheating temperature is bounded below; the gravitinos are produced by the inflaton decay in a broad class of the dynamical supersymmetry breaking models. We derive the bounds on the inflaton mass and the vacuum expectation value, which severely constrain high-scale inflations such as the hybrid and chaotic inflation models.

Local models of gauge mediated supersymmetry breaking in string theory

We describe local Calabi-Yau geometries with two isolated singularities at which systems of D3- and D7-branes are located, leading to chiral sectors corresponding to a semi-realistic visible sector and a hidden sector with dynamical supersymmetry breaking. We provide explicit models with a 3-family MSSM-like visible sector, and a hidden sector breaking supersymmetry at a meta-stable minimum. For singularities separated by a distance smaller than the string scale, this construction leads to a simple realization of gauge mediated supersymmetry breaking in string theory. The models are simple enough to allow the explicit computation of the massive messenger sector, using dimer techniques for branes at singularities. The local character of the configurations makes manifest the UV insensitivity of the supersymmetry breaking mediation.

Supersymmetric extensions of Schrödinger-invariance

The set of dynamic symmetries of the scalar free Schrödinger equation in d space dimensions gives a realization of the Schrödinger algebra that may be extended into a representation of the conformal algebra in d + 2 dimensions, which yields the set of dynamic symmetries of the same equation where the mass is not viewed as a constant, but as an additional coordinate. An analogous construction also holds for the spin- 1 2 Lévy-Leblond equation. An N = 2 supersymmetric extension of these equations leads, respectively, to a ‘super-Schrödinger’ model and to the ( 3 | 2 ) -supersymmetric model. Their dynamic supersymmetries form the Lie superalgebras osp ( 2 | 2 ) ⋉ sh ( 2 | 2 ) and osp ( 2 | 4 ) , respectively. The Schrödinger algebra and its supersymmetric counterparts are found to be the largest finite-dimensional Lie subalgebras of a family of infinite-dimensional Lie superalgebras that are systematically constructed in a Poisson algebra setting, including the Schrödinger–Neveu–Schwarz algebra sns ( N ) with N supercharges. Covariant two-point functions of quasiprimary superfields are calculated for several subalgebras of osp ( 2 | 4 ) . If one includes both N = 2 supercharges and time-inversions, then the sum of the scaling dimensions is restricted to a finite set of possible values.

New results for AdS/CFT and beyond

AbstractWe report on some recent results within the string/gauge theory correspondence, both in the conformal and in the non conformal cases, for a recently found class of 𝒩 = 1 dual pairs. These results provide the first cross check of AdS/CFT and field theory techniques like a‐maximization. Moreover, they furnish new examples of cascading gauge theories and the first instance of 4d dynamical supersymmetry breaking embedded in the correspondence.

Dynamical SUSY breaking in meta-stable vacua

Dynamical supersymmetry breaking in a long-lived meta-stable vacuum is a phenomenologically viable possibility. This relatively unexplored avenue leads to many new models of dynamical supersymmetry breaking. Here, we present a surprisingly simple class of models with meta-stable dynamical supersymmetry breaking: N=1 supersymmetric QCD, with massive flavors. Though these theories are strongly coupled, we definitively demonstrate the existence of meta-stable vacua by using the free-magnetic dual. Model building challenges, such as large flavor symmetries and the absence of an R-symmetry, are easily accommodated in these theories. Their simplicity also suggests that broken supersymmetry is generic in supersymmetric field theory and in the landscape of string vacua.

DYNAMICAL (SUPER)SYMMETRIES OF MONOPOLES AND VORTICES

The dynamical (super)symmetries for various monopole systems are reviewed. For a Dirac monopole, non-smooth Runge–Lenz vector can exist; there is, however, a spectrum-generating conformal o(2,1) dynamical symmetry that extends into osp(1/1) or osp(1/2) for spin 1/2 particles. Self-dual 't Hooft–Polyakov-type monopoles admit an su(2/2) dynamical supersymmetry algebra, which allows us to reduce the fluctuation equation to the spin 0 case. For large r, the system reduces to a Dirac monopole plus a suitable inverse-square potential considered before by McIntosh and Cisneros, and by Zwanziger in the spin 0 case, and to the "dyon" of D'Hoker and Vinet for spin 1/2. The asymptotic system admits a Kepler-type dynamical symmetry as well as a "helicity-supersymmetry" analogous to the one Biedenharn found in the relativistic Kepler problem. Similar results hold for the Kaluza–Klein monopole of Gross–Perry–Sorkin. For the magnetic vortex, the N = 2 supersymmetry of the Pauli Hamiltonian in a static magnetic field in the plane combines with the o(2) × o(2,1) bosonic symmetry into an o(2) × osp(1/2) dynamical superalgebra.

Noncritical [formula omitted]-theory matrix model with an arbitrary time-dependent cosmological constant

Dimensional reduction of the D = 2 minimal super-Yang–Mills to the D = 1 matrix quantum mechanics is shown to double the number of dynamical supersymmetries, from N = 1 to N = 2 . We analyze the most general supersymmetric deformations of the latter, in order to construct the noncritical 3D M -theory matrix model on generic supersymmetric backgrounds. It amounts to adding quadratic and linear potentials with arbitrary time-dependent coefficients, namely, a cosmological ‘constant’, Λ ( t ) , and an electric flux background, ρ ( t ) , respectively. The resulting matrix model enjoys, irrespective of Λ ( t ) and ρ ( t ) , two dynamical supersymmetries which further reveal three hidden so ( 1 , 2 ) symmetries. All together they form the supersymmetry algebra, osp ( 1 | 2 , R ) . Each so ( 1 , 2 ) multiplet in the Hilbert space visualizes a dynamics constrained on either Euclidean or Minkowskian dS 2 / AdS 2 space, depending on its Casimir. In particular, all the unitary multiplets have the Euclidean dS 2 / AdS 2 geometry. We conjecture that the matrix model provides holographic duals to the 2D superstring theories on various backgrounds having the spacetime signature Minkowskian if Λ ( t ) > 0 , or Euclidean if Λ ( t ) < 0 .

More on conformally sequestered supersymmetric breaking

We extend our models for conformal sequestering of dynamical supersymmetry breaking with decoupling vectorlike matter in several different ways. These extensions enable us to simplify concrete model building, in particular, rendering large gauge group and ad hoc global symmetry for sequestering unnecessary. Conformal sequestering appears highly natural in such circumstances.

The runaway quiver

We point out that some recently proposed string theory realizations of dynamical supersymmetry breaking actually do not break supersymmetry in the usual desired sense. Instead, there is a runaway potential, which slides down to a supersymmetric vacuum at infinite expectation values for some fields. The runaway direction is not on a separated branch; rather, it shows up as a"tadpole" everywhere on the moduli space of field expectation values.

Gauge mediation from emergent supersymmetry

We explore the possibility of gauge mediation in a paradigm whereby supersymmetry is posited to be an accidental symmetry of Nature and the Standard Model fields are composite bound states that emerge from a conformal field theory. The resultant effective theory can, through sequestering and conformal dynamics, exhibit most of the properties of low energy supersymmetry breaking while averting a number of cosmological and astrophysical constraints of the traditional framework of gauge mediation via dynamical supersymmetry breaking. Of particular phenomenological interest is that in our scenario, the gravitino is superheavy, the neutralino LSP is a viable candidate for cold dark matter and the flavor changing neutral currents are constrained to be, at the very minimum, only an order of magnitude below current experimental bounds.

Conformally sequestered supersymmetry breaking in vectorlike gauge theories

We provide, in a framework of vector-like gauge theories, concrete models for conformal sequestering of dynamical supersymmetry (SUSY) breaking in the hidden sector. If the sequestering is sufficiently strong, anomaly mediation of the SUSY breaking may give dominant contributions to the mass spectrum of SUSY standard-model particles, leading to negative slepton masses squared. Thus, we also consider a model with gravitational gauge mediation to circumvent the tachyonic slepton problem in pure anomaly mediation models.

Fractional branes and dynamical supersymmetry breaking

We study the dynamics of fractional branes at toric singularities, including cones over del Pezzo surfaces and the recently constructed Y^{p,q} theories. We find that generically the field theories on such fractional branes show dynamical supersymmetry breaking, due to the appearance of non-perturbative superpotentials. In special cases, one recovers the known cases of supersymmetric infrared behaviors, associated to SYM confinement (mapped to complex deformations of the dual geometries, in the gauge/string correspondence sense) or N=2 fractional branes. In the supersymmetry breaking cases, when the dynamics of closed string moduli at the singularity is included, the theories show a runaway behavior (involving moduli such as FI terms or equivalently dibaryonic operators), rather than stable non-supersymmetric minima. We comment on the implications of this gauge theory behavior for the infrared smoothing of the dual warped throat solutions with 3-form fluxes, describing duality cascades ending in such field theories. We finally provide a description of the different fractional branes in the recently introduced brane tiling configurations.

Dynamic Supersymmetries of Differential Equations with Applications to Nuclear Spectroscopy

Dynamic supersymmetries of differential equations are defined. The case of a liquid drop with quadrupole deformation coupled to a particle with j = 3/2 is shown as an example of a situation where the dynamic supersymmetry OSp(5/4) may occur. A special solution, called E(5/4), of interest in the spectroscopy of odd-even nuclei in the transitional region between spherical and gamma unstable is explicitly worked out.

A gauge-mediation model with a light gravitino of mass [formula omitted] and the messenger dark matter

In the light of recent experimental data on gaugino searches, we revisit the direct-transmission model of dynamical supersymmetry breaking with the gravitino mass mG˜⩽16 eV, which does not have any cosmological or astrophysical problems. We find that in the consistent regions of parameter space, the model predicts not only upper bounds on superparticle masses (1.1 TeV, 320 GeV, 160 GeV, 5 TeV, 1.5 TeV and 700 GeV for gluino, wino, bino, squarks, left-handed sleptons and right-handed sleptons, respectively), but also a mass of the lightest messenger particle in the range of 10–50 TeV. The lightest messenger particle can naturally be a messenger sneutrino. Therefore, this may suggest that the messenger sneutrino could be the dark matter, as proposed recently by Hooper and March-Russell to account for the gamma-ray spectrum from the galactic center observed by HESS experiment.

Non-anti-commutative deformation of effective potentials in supersymmetric gauge theories

We studied a nilpotent non-anti-commutative (NAC) deformation of the effective superpotentials in supersymmetric gauge theories, caused by a constant self-dual graviphoton background. We derived the simple non-perturbative formula applicable to any NAC (star) deformed chiral superpotential. It is remarkable that the deformed superpotential is always ‘Lorentz’-invariant. As an application, we considered the NAC deformation of the pure super-Yang–Mills theory whose IR physics is known to be described by the Veneziano–Yankielowicz superpotential (in the undeformed case). The unbroken gauge invariance of the deformed effective action gives rise to severe restrictions on the latter. We found a non-vanishing gluino condensate in vacuum but no further dynamical supersymmetry breaking in the deformed theory.

Symmetry in nuclei and beyond

The concepts of dynamic symmetry, dynamic supersymmetry and critical symmetry are briefly reviewed. These concepts provide classification schemes for finite quantal systems. They have led to important discoveries in a variety of fields. The discovery of supersymmetry in nuclei is reviewed.

One nucleon transfer operator and nuclear supersymmetry

The appropriate use of the interacting boson-fermion model one nucleon transfer operator in connection with nuclear supersymmetries is discussed. We emphasize that care must be taken in using the same coupling order, either $l\text{\ensuremath{-}}s$ or $s\text{\ensuremath{-}}l$, in the odd particle creation operator appearing in the one nucleon transfer operator and in the wave function of the odd-A nucleus. As an example, we have recalculated consistently the one nucleon transfer strengths for the $^{196}\mathrm{Pt}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}^{195}\mathrm{Pt}$ one neutron pickup reaction which is the best known example of dynamical nuclear supersymmetry. In addition, we present for the same reaction the results of several calculations considering different truncations in the boson-fermion expansion of the fermion creation operator.

One- and two-nucleon transfer reactions toAu196

To provide information for comparison with predictions from a dynamical supersymmetry, the odd-odd nucleus $^{196}\mathrm{Au}$ was studied via transfer reactions. With a polarized deuteron beam we measured $(\stackrel{P\vec}{d},t)$ and $(\stackrel{P\vec}{d},\ensuremath{\alpha})$, and with unpolarized beams we measured $(p,d)$, $(^{3}\mathrm{He},d)$, and $(\ensuremath{\alpha},d)$ transfer reactions. From the high-resolution $^{197}\mathrm{Au}(p,d)^{196}\mathrm{Au}$ spectrum, a rather complete set of excitation energies was obtained. Quantum numbers and spectroscopic factors were obtained from angular distributions of single-neutron transfer in $^{197}\mathrm{Au}(\stackrel{P\vec}{d},t)^{196}\mathrm{Au}$, single-proton transfer in $^{195}\mathrm{Pt}(^{3}\mathrm{He},d)^{196}\mathrm{Au}$, and two-nucleon transfer $^{198}\mathrm{Hg}(\stackrel{P\vec}{d},\ensuremath{\alpha})^{196}\mathrm{Au}$. We obtain firm ${J}^{\ensuremath{\pi}}$ assignments for 21 out of the 27 states with negative parity observed up to $490\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\mathrm{keV}$ excitation energy, by combining our data with that taken using $\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ and conversion electron spectroscopy. The number of states and the firm or restricted assignments are in agreement with the predictions from the dynamical ${U}_{\ensuremath{\nu}}(6∕12)\ensuremath{\bigotimes}{U}_{\ensuremath{\pi}}(6∕4)$ supersymmetric scheme. Including our $(\ensuremath{\alpha},d)$ data, we can deduce spectroscopic factors for four different transfer channels. When model predictions of spectroscopic factors become available, these data will provide a further critical test as to what extent this symmetry is realized in nature.