Dynamic Process Of Interaction Research Articles

“We are the Time”: the Dynamics of Time and the Sense of the Past in the Narratives of the Family Memory. Part II

Based on the results of the analysis of narrative interviews of three generations of residents of Lipetsk, this article identifies and comprehends the features of the representation of family time, the main types of events in family history and the forms of continuity of family traditions. The methods of constructing time and eventfulness were analyzed in the context of cultural practices of everyday life, perceived as traditions of work, everyday life and leisure. On the basis of the biographical method of Fritz Schütze, positive and negative curves of biographical stories were identified, which were compared with the “family scenarios” represented in the narratives of the people of Lipetsk. The combination of F. Schütze's biographical method and S. Jaeger's critical discourse analysis allowed us to identify and compare general tendencies that, on the one hand, turned out to be dominant in the family memory narratives of three generations of Lipetsk residents, and on the other hand, were clearly represented in the media discourse of public commemorations. The first trend was the unconditional growth of the meaningfulness of family history as the age of our respondents increased. The second most important trend was the use by respondents of the events of the Great Patriotic War of 1941–1945 as a kind of "worldview" framework for interpreting the events of family history and its basic meanings. The third trend was the pronounced desire to avoid comprehending the tragic events of family history and the uncritical perception of the biographies of family members during the era of repression in the 1930s. The fourth trend was the absolute dominance of a strong type of continuity in relation to family traditions. It was revealed that the deployment of family temporality appears as a process of constant and dynamic interaction with the semantic space of the historical culture of the region and its practices of using the past.

Socio-cultural aspects of communicative interaction in the modern field of public urban transport

The paradigm of changes in the megapolis social order, directly related to the need for a mobile appropriation of the urban transport system, has determined the qualitative nature of modification of everyday practices related to the need for mobility. Becoming a participant of everyday practices in public urban transport, the individual by implementing social practices gets involved in the communicative field of interactions of transport infrastructure, which reflects the stratification differentiation of society on the factors of the possibility to realize the rights to mobile movement. In this regard, the study of the social order of urban transport is promising. Within this order the individual models its own behavioral rules, on the one hand, and, being involved in interactive events, translates mass interactions into his or her consciousness and actions on the other. The changing nature of life programming of a modern citizen, directly related to the activity of communication processes, determines the understanding of public urban transport not only as a unique socio-cultural space but also as a dynamic process of information and communication interactions, within which the cultural identity of the individual is accompanied by his spiritual activity, modifying the nature of social communication.

Institutional environment of modern land relations

The expediency of reviewing the development of the institutional environment of modern land relations has been established, as it is the main factor in the formation of a new paradigm of land management development. Institutions that together form the institutional environment of land relations according to the formal approach are proposed and characterized: institute of land ownership, institute of land use law, institute of land use payment, institute of municipality, institute of state control, institute of land accounting, institute of land use for agriculture, institute land use, institute of communication. It is established that long-term dynamic processes of interaction in land relations, revision and improvement of the institutional environment need to be modernized through the implementation of new institutions. It is emphasized that the trends of economic development and productive forces require a review of the balance of economic, environmental and social priorities related to sustainable use, protection and reproduction of land potential, which can be realized through land management measures. It is determined that at the state, regional and local levels the same institutions that affect land relations have different tasks, content and tools for the implementation of their powers in terms of use, protection and reproduction of land potential.

Identifying the dynamic evolution and feedback process of water resources nexus system considering socioeconomic development, ecological protection, and food security: A practical tool for sustainable water use

Abstract. The accelerated consumption of water resources caused by the rapid increase in population and urbanization is intensifying the complex interactions across water resources, socioeconomic development, ecological protection, and food security (WSEF), which causes not only the imbalance between water supply and demand but also the vulnerability of both food and ecological systems. Therefore, identifying the dynamic coevolution and feedback process is one of the most crucial ways of achieving the goal of sustainable water use. In this study, we developed an integrated modeling framework to better identify the dynamic interaction and coevolution process of the nexus across WSEF systems in the context of sustainable water uses by coupling system dynamic (SD) model and multi-objective optimization model. The SD model is used to simulate both the dynamic interaction of each agent and the coevolution process of the whole nexus system by positive/negative feedback loops. The multi-objective optimization model is used to quantify the negative feedback loops of the SD model by generating the optimal scheme of different water users. Finally, the model uncertainty considering different weighting factors is analyzed. The framework is applied to the upper reaches of the Guijiang River basin, China. Results show that (i) the rapid economic growth increases the conflict between the water uses for socioeconomic development and ecological protection, intensifying the ecological awareness and resulting in more water shortages of socioeconomic and food agents, which is unable to support such rapid development. (ii) Once the economic growth rate decreases, water resources are able to support economic development with a decreased overload index and stable crop yield, which further contributes to water sustainability. (iii) The river ecological agent is the critical factor that affects the robustness of the model. (iv) The equal consideration of each water usage is the most beneficial to sustainable development. These results highlight the importance of water resources management, considering the tradeoffs across multiple stakeholders, and give a strong reference to policymakers for comprehensive urban planning.

Perspective and the Past: Modeling Historical Representation from Camera Obscura to Virtual Reality

Abstract This article examines the concept of “perspective” as an embodied metaphor with ontological and epistemological implications for the modeling of historical understanding of contested pasts. The metaphors employed in modeling past reality shape how we make sense of the controversial past. In particular, I explore how perspectival metaphorical models conjure the notions of presence/proximity/engagement and absence/distance/detachment. To open this up, the paper juxtaposes two distinct models of seeing and knowing as sources of embodied metaphor: 1) static and distancing optical metaphors of cognition, and 2) a “post-cognitive” (i.e., enactive, embodied and dynamic) process of interaction. I argue that the shift towards the affective, experiential and immersive forms of engagement in historical representation is indicative of the growing importance of dynamic, embodied and interactive features in mediated models of the past. The paper concludes by discussing the implications of virtual reality as an emergent medium that offers a new way of modeling the past. Despite its novelty, however, virtual reality raises age-old questions about the dynamics of engagement and detachment in historical understanding.

Real-time monitoring the interfacial dynamic processes at model cell membranes: Taking cell penetrating peptide TAT as an example

A real-time and molecule-level monitoring of the interfacial dynamic interactions between molecules and a cell membrane is of vital importance. Herein, taking TAT, one of the most representative cell penetrating peptides, as an example, a photo-voltage transient technique and a dynamic giant bistratal vesicle (GBV) leakage method were combined with the traditional giant unilamellar vesicle (GUV) leakage assays, to provide a molecule-level understanding of the dynamic membrane interaction process performed in a low ionic strength and neutral pH condition. The photo-voltage test based on supported phospholipid bilayers showed a quick disturbance (<1 min) followed by a continuous reconstruction of the membrane by peptides, leading to a slight destruction (at TAT concentrations lower than 1 μg mL−1, i.e., 0.64 μM) or strong damage (e.g. at 10 μg mL−1, i.e., 6.4 μM) of the bilayer structure. The GUV/GBV leakage assays further demonstrated the TAT-induced membrane deformation and transmembrane diffusion of dyes, which occurred in an immediate, linear, and TAT-concentration dependent manner. Moreover, the flux of dye across the substrate-immobilized membranes was approximately three times of that across the substrate-free ones. This work gives information on time and molecular mechanism of the TAT-membrane interactions, demonstrates the different permeabilizing effects of TAT on immobilized and free membranes. Overall, it provides useful strategies to investigate the nano-bio interfacial interactions in a simple, global and real-time way.

Collaboration between the government and environmental non-governmental organisations for marine debris policy development: The Taiwan experience

Marine debris are a primary environmental issue second only to climate change. Public-private collaboration is considered the most effective approach to tackling this problem, but few studies have reported how the government could collaborate with citizens for greater policy development. In 2018, the Taiwanese government announced that the marine debris action plan could be successful. It is a bottom-up action by environmental protection groups to establish a cooperative relationship with the government. In this study, we analyse the dynamic interaction process by government, Environmental Non-Governmental Organisations (ENGOs), and the public during the past two decades through the lens of contextual interaction theory (CIT). The CIT analysis revealed that raising public awareness, establishing a relationship of trust, establishing effective public-private communications, and collaboration platforms are critical factors that allowed the government and ENGOs to jointly formulate the marine debris governance action plan. Hence, our results may provide insights for citizen groups seeking to influence policymaking.

Stability and influencing factors when designing incentive-compatible payments for watershed services: Insights from the Xin’an River Basin, China

Payments for watershed services (PWS) conceptualizes as a powerful tool with which to address the conflict interests of watershed users. This is true in China’s PWS program in the Xin’an River Basin (XRB), as it provides a lens to survey how incentive coordination shapes the behavior of multi-stakeholders to improve water qualities. To explore an incentive-compatible PWS mechanism, this study investigates the interactive behavior among providers and buyers in the PWS-XRB program, with the significant involvement of regulator planners by advancing a tripartite evolutionary game model. The evolution and steady state strategies of those stakeholders are then proposed based on replicated dynamics equations. Lastly, a case-based numerical simulation serves to demonstrate theoretical outcomes and furnish pivotal insights below: (1) the strategy selections for the different PWS-XRB stakeholders manifests in a constant dynamic interactive and optimization process; (2) high ecological transfer payments and high opportunity costs could inspire both buyers and providers’ enthusiasm to carry out the PWS-XRB program; (3) the central regulator could ensure the proper implementation of payment systems, by increasing penalties for those who are unwilling to participate in the PWS-XRB program. This study illuminates an efficient approach and insight for the design of an incentive-compatible PWS scheme to promote the improvement of watershed governance.

Dynamic process of rock avalanche and dynamic interaction between rock avalanche and hazard-bearing bodies

Dynamic process of rock avalanche and dynamic interaction between rock avalanche and hazard-bearing bodies

Football Match Dynamics Explored by Recurrence Analysis.

A widely accepted notion of football matches in performance analysis (PA) is to consider them as dynamic interaction processes with emerging behaviors. The description and analysis of these processes requires specific methods. Recurrence analysis is a technique for analyzing complex systems in many domains like astrophysics, earth sciences, engineering, biology, cardiology, and neuroscience. Its general concept is to examine the recurrence behavior of a system, as in when, how often and how close its trajectory in a phase space returns to a previous state. The aim of the study is to apply recurrence analysis to football matches. Positional data from 21 football matches of a German Bundesliga team were examined. The phase space was made up of the field players' x,y-positions at each second of the match. For each pair of seconds, the average distance of all the players between their positions at these two time points was calculated. Recurrence plots (RPs) were obtained by color-coding these distances. With a recurrence threshold of rt = 9 m and a minimum line length of lmin = 3 s, general recurrence parameters were calculated to characterize the individual recurrence behaviors of each match. Three football-specific recurrence parameters were defined to represent recurrence properties of open play. RPs showed commonalities (typical features indicating set plays and continuous gameplay) as well as unique structures during each match (number, distribution, and sequence of typical features). The recurrence parameters showed several significant correlations with traditional performance indicators like number of goals and passes completed, e.g., the correlation between number of goals and recurrence rate is r = −0.622 (p = 0.003). By extending the sample and design of recurrence studies, there is great potential for recurrence analysis to improve both the practical and theoretical potential of performance analysis.

Barriers and facilitators to the access to specialized female genital cutting healthcare services: Experiences of Somali and Sudanese women in Norway.

BackgroundGirls and women subjected to female genital cutting (FGC) risk experiencing obstetrical, gynecological, sexual, and psychological health problems. Therefore, Norway has established low-threshold specialized healthcare services where girls and women with FGC-related health problems can directly seek medical attention. Nevertheless, we lack data about access to these services, especially for non-maternity-related purposes. In this article, we explore experiences of seeking medical attention for health problems that are potentially FGC-related, aiming to identify factors that hinder or facilitate access to FGC-specialized services.MethodsWe conducted a qualitative study in three Norwegian cities employing semi-structured repeat interviews with 26 girls and women subjected to FGC, participant observation, and three validation focus group discussions with 17 additional participants. We thematically analyzed the data and approached access as a dynamic process of interactions between individuals and the healthcare system that lasts from an initial perception of need until reception of healthcare appropriate to that need.FindingsWe identified several barriers to healthcare, including 1) uncertainty about FGC as a cause of experienced health problems, 2) unfamiliarity with FGC-specialized services, 3) lack of assessment by general practitioners of FGC as a potential cause of health problems, and 4) negative interactions with healthcare providers. In contrast, factors facilitating healthcare included: 1) receiving information on FGC-related health problems and FGC-specialized services from a non-profit immigrant organization, 2) referral to gynecologists with good knowledge of FGC, and 3) positive interactions with healthcare providers.ConclusionAssessing whether FGC is the cause for experienced health problems requires diagnostic competency and should not be left entirely to the patients. We recommend that Norwegian policymakers acknowledge the central role of GPs in the clinical management of patients with FGC-related health problems and provide them with comprehensive training on FGC.

Home and Away: Australian Travelers' Consumption Of Everyday Village Life in Indonesia

This article aims to explore (1) what kind of everyday materials in rural villages attract Australian tourists to visit; (2) the nature of the dynamic tensions that occur during the interactions; and (3) how these create reflexivity with regard to the notion of home. Employing ethnographic interviews, participating in tour packages, and observing the interactions between Australian travelers and local people in rural villages of Java and Bali, the project attempts to reveal the interactional experiences that occur in the everyday life of rural village settings. Results indicate, first, that the Australians identified home, street, natural surroundings, and people as the everyday materials for them to see how others live their life. Second, the perceptions of pressure to buy appear during the dynamic process of interactions. Third, the visit to the rural villages of Indonesia become a comparative journey to enjoy the privilege of "home," while the Australians are being "away." As a conclusion, theoretical and practical understanding contribute to capture the specific market of Australians and how this market interacts with a specific space in Indonesia.

Inclusion of slow infiltration in determining the influence time of saline sediments on reservoir water

The influence time of polluted sediments on water quality, as well as the influence degree, plays a key role in decision-making for sediment pollution control. However, factors that determine influence time, especially slow infiltration through sediments, are poorly known. Further, there is a lack of corresponding indexes and efficient models to accurately identify the critical moment in determining the influence time from the dynamic process of interaction between downward advection (infiltration) and upward diffusion at the sediment-water interface. Therefore, this article focuses on methods for determining the influence time of saline sediments on reservoir water salinisation. An alternative expression of Péclet number (Pe=uCD∂C/∂xx=0) is proposed to characterise the transient relative role of downward advection versus upward diffusion on the transport of non-reactive solutes; Pe = 1 can be used as an exact criterion for identifying the critical moment when saline sediments no longer affect the overlying water. We then developed a single-domain model that does not require an alternate run the two subdomains in solving processes, enabling to flexibly simulate sediment-water interactions, both effectively and efficiently. By combining this model with the alternative Pe, the influence time of saline sediments on reservoir water can be accurately determined. We used the planned Muguandao Coastal Reservoir, Qingdao, China, as an example to explore the effects of infiltration on the influence time. The influence time shortens with infiltration rates in a power function relationship and decreases from 970 years to 19.3 years in the rate range of (1–7) ×10−2 m/year. Furthermore, based on the simulation and sensitivity analysis, we suggest a simple formula (t=5.25D/u2) to directly predict the influence time of saline sediments on water salinisation for shallow mixed coastal reservoirs. The importance of understanding slow infiltration in determining the influence time is discussed.

Allostasis and metastasis: The yin and yang of childhood self-regulation.

Most research has studied self-regulation by presenting experimenter-controlled test stimuli and measuring change between baseline and stimulus. In the real world, however, stressors do not flash on and off in a predetermined sequence, and there is no experimenter controlling things. Rather, the real world is continuous and stressful events can occur through self-sustaining interactive chain reactions. Self-regulation is an active process through which we adaptively select which aspects of the social environment we attend to from one moment to the next. Here, we describe this dynamic interactive process by contrasting two mechanisms that underpin it: the "yin" and "yang" of self-regulation. The first mechanism is allostasis, the dynamical principle underlying self-regulation, through which we compensate for change to maintain homeostasis. This involves upregulating in some situations and downregulating in others. The second mechanism is metastasis, the dynamical principle underling dysregulation. Through metastasis, small initial perturbations can become progressively amplified over time. We contrast these processes at the individual level (i.e., examining moment-to-moment change in one child, considered independently) and also at the inter-personal level (i.e., examining change across a dyad, such as a parent-child dyad). Finally, we discuss practical implications of this approach in improving the self-regulation of emotion and cognition, in typical development and psychopathology.

Within-Match Performance Dynamics – Momentary Strength in Handball

Handball is an Olympic team sport characterized by changes of ball possession, where teams either play on offense or defense. In this paper, we model momentary strength in handball as scoring probabilities based on a double moving average. In this cross-sectional observational study, the aim was to describe the dynamics of momentary strength in handball from both theoretical and practical perspectives. Momentary strength can be used to further characterize the nuances of the sport by identifying different phases in a match. The momentary strength model was applied to the 2019 International Handball Federation (IHF) Men's World Championship. Ninety-six games were analyzed. The results showed that momentary strength could be used to better understand the dynamic interaction process between two teams. The Spearman correlation between the teams' median momentary strength and their final ranks at the Championship was -0.830. Virtually each team faced phases in its matches with a momentary scoring probability lower than 0.10 and with 4 exceptions also higher than 0.90. Twelve out of the 24 teams showed phases with a momentary scoring probability of exactly 0 as well as exactly 1

The interaction mechanism and rejuvenation effect of crumb rubber and waste cooking oil blends

With the rapid increase in the production of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP), asphalt pavement rejuvenation technology has attracted significant research attention. To improve the performance of recycled asphalt pavement mixtures, the rejuvenators are usually needed. A waste rubber/oil (WRO) rejuvenator was self-developed by mixing crumb rubber (CR) with waste cooking oil (WCO) at high temperature. However, the chemical dynamic interaction process between WCO and CR, and the effect of reaction time on the rejuvenation properties of the WRO rejuvenators still remained unclear. Therefore, in this study, the functional group and molecular weight of WRO rejuvenators with different reaction times and various WRO rejuvenated asphalts were studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and gel permeation chromatography, respectively. The rheological properties of various WRO rejuvenated asphalts were also tested using dynamic shear rheometer and bending beam rheometer. The result indicated the occurrence of complex depolymerization and recombination reactions of the polymers released from CR. WRO with higher rubber content exhibited higher polymer concentration. The WRO rejuvenator with a longer reaction time provided more viscous supplement and less elastic retention to the aged asphalt. As the reaction time of the WRO rejuvenator increased, the WRO rejuvenated asphalt showed less resistance to ageing, and the concentration of large molecules and sulfoxide function group in WRO rejuvenated asphalt was reduced. Based on the results, the recommended reaction time of WRO is 0.5 h.

Θεραπευτική σχέση: δυναμικές αλληλεπιδράσεις και ο ρόλος του φύλου

The article emphasizes, first of all, the importance of various aspects of the psychotherapeutic relationship -such as the therapeutic alliance, the cooperation, the empathy, the goal agreement-, which have been proven to influence the therapeutic outcome and are consistently linked with the mental health improvement of the patient, regardless of the different theoretical conditions and principles of the psychotherapeutic approaches. On the other hand, it is recognized that identifying the quality characteristics that contribute to and influence the psychotherapeutic relationship and process is a difficult task, as it depends on the therapeutic boundaries of this relationship, the characteristics of the therapist, but also on factors related with the patient, such as his/her attitudes, expectations, motivations and commitment to a process of change. One element that seems to characterize the identity of each member individually, but also the dynamic processes of interaction between the therapeutic dyad, is gender. For this reason, the article underlines the importance of gender in shaping the communication and cooperation between therapists and patients, while stating also that awareness of the gender dynamics, in combination with other identity characteristics, is a prerequisite for an effective and ethical practice.

Dynamic interaction processes of rare earth metal mixtures in terrestrial organisms interpreted by toxicokinetic and toxicodynamic model

Despite the progress in explanation of mixture toxicity of rare earth elements (REEs), a large knowledge gap still exists in interpreting their mixed effects from a dynamic perspective. Here, we investigated the effects of La-Ce mixtures in Enchytraeus crypticus at different exposure times. The single and mixture toxicity of La and Ce increased with time, as reflected by the reduced LC50/MT50 values. With concentration addition as the reference model, the interactions between La and Ce were quantified by MIXTOX modelling tool, showing a time-dependent pattern with antagonistic effect after 1 and 2 d but additive effects afterwards. The dynamic accumulation and toxicity of La/Ce in organisms exposed to REE mixtures was fitted using a process-based toxicokinetic and toxicodynamic (TK-TD) model to unravel how the elements interacted. Generally, the estimated uptake, elimination, and damage rate constants of La/Ce declined with increasing level of each other, suggesting inhibited uptake and subsequently reduced toxicity of La/Ce due to competition effect. The interplay of La and Ce in TK and TD processes seemed responsible for the observed antagonism. Our study showed that mixture toxicity and interaction of REEs are time-dependent processes and application of TK-TD model may provide more insight into this dynamic effect.

Breaching the phagosome, the case of the tuberculosis agent.

The interactions between microbes and their hosts are among the most complex biological phenomena known today. The interaction may reach from overall beneficial interaction, as observed for most microbiome/microbiota related interactions to interaction with virulent pathogens, against which host cells have evolved sophisticated defence strategies. Among the latter, the confinement of invading pathogens in a phagosome plays a key role, which often results in the destruction of the invader, whereas some pathogens may counteract phagosomal arrest and survive by gaining access to the cytosol of the host cell. In the current review, we will discuss recent insights into this dynamic process of host-pathogen interaction, using Mycobacterium tuberculosis and related pathogenic mycobacteria as main examples.

From novice to expert: methods for transferring implementation facilitation skills to improve healthcare delivery

BackgroundThere is substantial evidence that facilitation can address the challenges of implementing evidence-based innovations. However, facilitators need a wide variety of complex skills; lack of these can have a negative effect on implementation outcomes. Literature suggests that novice and less experienced facilitators need ongoing support from experts to develop these skills. Yet, no studies have investigated the transfer process. During a test of a facilitation strategy applied at 8 VA primary care clinics, we explored the techniques and processes an expert external facilitator utilized to transfer her skills to two initially novice internal facilitators who became experts.MethodsIn this qualitative descriptive study, we conducted monthly debriefings with three facilitators over a 30-month period and documented these in detailed notes. Debriefings with the expert facilitator focused on how she trained and mentored facilitation trainees. We also conducted, recorded, and transcribed two semi-structured qualitative interviews with each facilitator and queried them about training content and process. We used a mix of inductive and deductive approaches to analyze data; our analysis was informed by a review of mentoring, coaching, and cognitive apprenticeship literature. We also used a case comparison approach to explore how the expert tailored her efforts.ResultsThe expert utilized 21 techniques to transfer implementation facilitation skills. Techniques included both active (providing information, modeling, and coaching) and participatory ones. She also used techniques to support learning, i.e., cognitive supports (making thinking visible, using heuristics, sharing experiences), psychosocial supports, strategies to promote self-learning, and structural supports. Additionally, she transferred responsibility for facilitation through a dynamic process of interaction with trainees and site stakeholders. Finally, the expert varied the level of focus on particular skills to tailor her efforts to trainee and local context.ConclusionsThis study viewed the journey from novice to expert facilitator through the lens of the expert who transferred facilitation skills to support implementation of an evidence-based program. It identified techniques and processes that may foster transfer of these skills and build organizational capacity for future implementation efforts. As the first study to document the implementation facilitation skills transfer process, findings have research and practical implications.