Dynamic Collimation System Research Articles

Communication and sampling rate limitations in IMRT delivery with a dynamic multileaf collimator system.

The delivery of an intensity modulated radiation field with a dynamic multileaf collimator (MLC) requires precise correlation between MLC positions and cumulative monitor units (MUs). The purpose of this study is to investigate the precision of this correlation as a function of delivered MUs and dose rate. A semi-Gaussian shaped intensity profile and a simple geometric intensity pattern consisting of four square segments were designed to deliver a total of 1, 4, 16, 64, and 100 MUs at three different dose rates of 100, 400, and 600 MU/min. The semi-Gaussian intensity pattern was delivered using both sliding window and step and shoot techniques. The dose profiles of this intensity pattern were measured with films. The four square intensity pattern was delivered using step and shoot and conventional delivery techniques for comparison. Because of geometrical symmetry, the dose to each segment in this intensity pattern is expected to be the same when the same MU is assigned to each segment. An ionization chamber was used to measure the dose in the center of each of the four square segments. For the semi-Gaussian shaped profile, significant artifacts were observed when the profile was delivered with small MUs and/or at a high dose rate. For the four square intensity pattern, the dose measured in each segment presented a large variation when delivered with small MUs and a high dose rate. The variation increases as the MU/segment decreases and as the dose rate increases. These MU and dose rate dependencies were not observed when the intensity pattern was delivered using a conventional delivery technique. The observed distortion of the semi-Gaussian profile and dose variations among the segments of the four square intensity pattern are explained by considering the sampling rate and the communication time lag between the control systems. Finally, clinical significance is discussed.

Electron arc therapy: design, implementation and evaluation of a dynamic multi-vane collimator system

Innovative techniques in motion control technology have been applied to the design and implementation of a portable computer-controlled multi-vane collimator for use in electron are therapy. The collimator, consisting of 18 independently controlled vanes, is inserted into the standard accessory mount assembly of a linear accelerator, in the same fashion as standard field shaping blocks. Power is supplied to the collimator vane motors via a self-contained battery system. The range of motion of the vanes, symmetrically mounted nine on each side, provides a variable aperture width projected to isocenter of 2 cm minimum to 8 cm maximum. The projected length of the aperture at isocenter is 38 cm. The transition time between vane positions is less than 1 second, corresponding to gantry movement of less than 1°. The movement of each of the 18 vanes is monitored and controlled by six individually addressed three axis processors that are shielded from the electron beam. A table of collimator vane positions versus gantry angle, as determined by dose optimization calculations, is stored in a data file. The desired collimator vane position corresponding to the current arc segment is conveyed from the control console to each vane controller via packets within a token passing network. Communication between the computer in the console area and the vane controllers is accomplished through encoded infra-red pulse transmission, eliminating the need for additional communication lines between the console and the accelerator. This dynamic collimator offers improved dose uniformity while simplifying the delivery of electron arc therapy.