Land Use Change Dynamics Research Articles

Trends and Spatial Pattern Analysis of Dengue Cases in Northeast Malaysia.

ObjectivesDengue remains hyperendemic in Malaysia despite extensive vector control activities. With dynamic changes in land use, urbanisation and population movement, periodic updates on dengue transmission patterns are crucial to ensure the implementation of effective control strategies. We sought to assess shifts in the trends and spatial patterns of dengue in Kelantan, a north-eastern state of Malaysia (5°15’N 102°0’E).MethodsThis study incorporated data from the national dengue monitoring system (eDengue system). Confirmed dengue cases registered in Kelantan with disease onset between January 1, 2016 and December 31, 2018 were included in the study. Yearly changes in dengue incidence were mapped by using ArcGIS. Hotspot analysis was performed using Getis-Ord Gi to track changes in the trends of dengue spatial clustering.ResultsA total of 10 645 dengue cases were recorded in Kelantan between 2016 and 2018, with an average of 10 dengue cases reported daily (standard deviation, 11.02). Areas with persistently high dengue incidence were seen mainly in the coastal region for the 3-year period. However, the hotspots shifted over time with a gradual dispersion of hotspots to their adjacent districts.ConclusionsA notable shift in the spatial patterns of dengue was observed. We were able to glimpse the shift of dengue from an urban to peri-urban disease with the possible effect of a state-wide population movement that affects dengue transmission.

Dynamics and drivers of land use and land cover changes in Migori River Watershed, western Kenya region

Understanding land use and land cover (LULC) change dynamics and their contributing factors are critical for developing sustainable land management strategies. Therefore, this paper assesses the trends and patterns of LULC changes and their drivers in the Migori River watershed in Kenya from 1980 to 2020. The spatial analysis is based on remote sensing data based on the maximum likelihood classifier algorithm; whereas the analysis of the drivers is based on index-based ranking and logistic regression of 318 households’ survey data. The results show that between 1980 and 2020, the watershed experienced a considerable decline in shrub lands by 40.63% (-235.97 km2), grasslands by 84.86% (-59.14 km2), forests by 52.90% (-98.36 km2), water by 82.03% (-39.27 km2) and wetlands by 38.44% (-3.69 km2); whereas cultivated land, bare land and built-up areas expanded over the same period by 34.25% (+347.42 km2), 132.28% (+60.95 km2) and 461.20% (+25.32 km2), respectively. The results of the household survey revealed that the perceptions of the locals tended to corroborate these observed LULC patterns obtained from spatial analysis, with 60.50% (n = 192) of the respondents reporting a significant expansion in agricultural land use (at p < 0.05), and 75.80% (n = 241) observing a significant decline in forest areas in the watershed (at p < 0.05). Fuel wood collection, timber/poles production, agricultural expansion, population pressure, and high poverty are the major drivers of these LULC changes. The findings also revealed that educational level significantly influenced the survey participants’ perceptions concerning these drivers. The paper concludes that the watershed’s natural landscapes have been undergoing destruction at the expense of human settlement and infrastructural developments driven by anthropogenic activities. Therefore, there is a need, among others, for land use zoning to regulate conflicting land uses on the watershed between settlement, conservation, and agricultural lands.

Incorporating dynamics of land use and land cover changes into tsunami numerical modelling for future tsunamis in Banda Aceh

This study aims to investigate the tsunami exposure to current land use land cover (LULC) with the LULC predictions for the next 50 years, including the impact of sea-level rise (SLR) in Banda Aceh. This study began with a spatio-temporal dynamic analysis using LULC changes projection. Firstly, Markov Chain was used to simulate the changing trends in land use from 2011 to 2015. The changing trends were used to simulate land use predictions for 2015-2065 using Cellular Automata (CA). There were six main types of LULC classifications, i.e., ponds, built-up areas, mangroves, bare land, urban forests, and water areas. Furthermore, the map resulting from the land use simulation was used as the Manning Coefficients for tsunami simulation using the COMCOT model. The initial tsunami waves were generated based on the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami caused by 9.15 Mw earthquake. As a dynamic tsunami hazard approach, a sea-level rise of 0.35 m was considered for the next 50 years. The study results show the built-up area will be affected by the tsunami, about two-thirds of the city’s built area. Growth tends to occur in the southern part of the city outside the tsunami hazard zone. But there will also be the growth of built-up areas near the coast. Although much development is observed in the southern part of the city, the coastal area also needs attention because the sea level rise factor can exacerbate the impacts of tsunamis in the future.

An Integrated Ecological-Social Simulation Model of Farmer Decisions and Cropping System Performance in the Rolling Pampas (Argentina)

Agricultural systems experience land-use changes that are driven by population growth and intensification of technological inputs. This results in land-use and cover change (LUCC) dynamics representing a complex landscape transformation process. In order to study the LUCC process we developed a spatially explicit agent-based model in the form of a Cellular Automata implemented with the Cell-DEVS formalism. The resulting model called AgroDEVS is used for predicting LUCC dynamics along with their associated economic and environmental changes. AgroDEVS is structured using behavioral rules and functions representing a) crop yields, b) weather conditions, c) economic profit, d) farmer preferences, e) technology level adoption and f) natural resources consumption based on embodied energy accounting. Using data from a typical location of the Pampa region (Argentina) for the 1988-2015 period, simulation exercises showed that the economic goals were achieved, on average, each 6 out of 10 years, but the environmental thresholds were only achieved in 1.9 out of 10 years. In a set of 50-years simulations, LUCC patterns quickly converge towards the most profitable crop sequences, with no noticeable tradeoff between the economic and environmental conditions.

The dynamics of rice-field conversion in the surroundings Cipali toll-roads of Subang Regency

The increasing need of land for building roads, settlements, and other facilities leads to the changes of agricultural land to other uses. Uncontrolled changes in rice fields may negatively impact economic, social, and environmental aspects. This study aims (1) to analyze the dynamics of land-use change for lowland rice in the surrounding Cipali toll road of Subang Regency; (2) to delineate rice-fields being converted to other uses in the vicinity of the Cipali toll road; (3) to assess the impact of rice-fields conversion to rice production; and (4) to understand monitoring system for rice field conversion being implemented in Subang Regency. This research employed random forest classifier, post-classification change analysis, and analytic hierarchy process. Three Landsat imageries were used to identify change processes, span between 2000 and 2020. Random forest classifiers generated accuracy at 99%, 96%, and 96% in 2000, 2010, and 2020. The results showed a decrease of rice fields in the surrounding toll roads by 560.36 hectares from 2000 to 2010, followed by an increase in the next decade by 98.79 hectares. Revitalization of regional farm fields appears to effectively sustain production areas, albeit conversion occurred in the surrounding toll roads. Generally, rice field conversions were controlled following the regulation that was enacted to sustain land for crop production.

English

Diachronic analysis of satellite images was used to assess the spatiotemporal dynamics of land use and land cover change in the coffee production basins of Cameroon, located in the forest agro-ecological zones (Moungo and Haut-Nyong) and the highland humid savannah (Noun). A survey of farmers was carried out to identify land use and changes in the area of coffee agroforests over time. While the period 1980 to 2001 was marked by an increase in the area of the forest/agroforest land-use unit, the period 2001 to 2019 shows significant regressions ranging from 14 to 22% of the total area of each basin. Significant changes in the land use units have repercussions on the areas dedicated to coffee growing, which have decreased significantly; today, the largest areas under cultivation are in Haut-Nyong (1.51&plusmn;1.27 ha), the medium areas in Moungo (1.14&plusmn;1.13 ha) and the smallest in Noun (0.67&plusmn;0.72 ha). Coffee abandonment coupled with anthropogenic factors such as agriculture and housing expansion are mainly responsible for the degradation of coffee agroforests, with notable repercussions on land cover changes. The cocoa-coffee revival encouraged by sectoral Ministries in recent years seems to have encouraged cocoa production, since in agro-ecological regions; the increase in forest/agroforest area is mainly attributable to Theobroma cacao and Elaies guineensis. &nbsp; Key words:&nbsp;Spatio-temporal dynamics, land use/land cover, agroforestry system, coffee agroforest, coffee area, agro-ecological zone.

Temporal variability of environmental indicators for agriculture in Albania.

This study aimed to reveal the trends in soil nutrient (NPK) balances for agricultural land in Albania for the period 1950-2019, through the analysis of the main NPK sources to NPK inputs and outputs. The results showed a large temporal variation in the balances of these nutrients, especially nitrogen. This variability depends mainly on the dynamics of land use change, the amount of chemical fertilizers used, and the number of animals during study period. For all three soil nutrients, negative trends have been observed in their balance sheets. From 1950 to 1990, the negative balance has declined, returning to positive for nitrogen in 1990 and phosphorus between 1970 and 2000, but has increased again in the last two to three decades. For 2019, the deficit for N was -104.8kg ha1, for P -8.7kgha-1, and for K -134.5kgha-1, making Albania have the largest deficit of soil nutrients compared to EU and OECD countries. This deficit is mainly due to the application of small amounts of chemical fertilizers. In this context, the increase in crop yields in the last two decades seems to be related more to the improvement of plant production technologies than to the increase in the use of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers. Currently, there appears to be no environmental pressure or potential risk of pollution at nationwide scale. However, this risk may exist at regional and field scales. Therefore, the assessment of soil nutrient balance at these two scales is necessary.

Sixty years of land-use and land-cover change dynamics in a global biodiversity hotspot under threat from global change

ABSTRACT Constitución County in Chile shows one of the highest landscape transformations in the world due to the expansion of forest plantations. This work describes the land use/cover dynamics over a long period extending over 60 years in Constitución County. The results showed that 60% of the county extent was covered by natural vegetationt in 1955. However, forest plantation increased to 36% by 1975 and reached 72% by 2014. This expansion was mainly achieved by replacing native vegetation revealing evidence of the impact of forest plantations on native vegetation even before decree-law 701 (1974). Forest plantation expansion produced fragmentation and loss of natural habitat, and 50% of the remaining habitats showed low habitat quality by 2014. Finally, in 2017 a wildfire burned 77% and 42% of the remaining native forest and shrubland. These results showed the long-lasting impact of forest plantations, underpinning the need to move towards a new sustainable forest model.

Looking beyond forest cover: an analysis of landscape-scale predictors of forest degradation in the Brazilian Amazon

While forest degradation rates and extent exceed deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon, less attention is given to the factors controlling its spatial distribution. No quantified correlation exists between changes of forest structure due to anthropogenic disturbances and dynamics of land use and cover change occurring at broader spatial levels. This study examines the influence of multi-scale landscape structure factors (i.e. spatial composition, configuration and dynamic of land use/cover) on primary forest’s aboveground biomass (AGB), spanning from low to highly degraded, in Paragominas municipality (Pará state). We used random forest models to identify the most important landscape predictors of degradation and clustering methods to analyze their distribution and interactions. We found that 58% of the variance of AGB could be explained by metrics reflecting land use practices and agricultural dynamics around primary forest patches and that their spatial patterns were not randomly distributed. Forest degradation is mainly driven by fragmentation effects resulting from old deforestation and colonization events linked with cropland expansion (e.g. soybean and maize) coupled with high accessibility to market. To a lesser extent, degradation is driven by recent and ongoing (1985–2015) deforestation and fragmentation in slash-and-burn agricultural areas, characterized by heterogeneous mosaics of pastures and fallow lands combined with high use of fire. Our findings highlight the potential of landscape-level framework and remotely sensed land cover data for a thorough understanding of the distribution of forest degradation across human-modified landscapes. Addressing these spatial determinants by looking at agricultural dynamics beyond forest cover is necessary to improve forest management which has major implications for biodiversity, carbon and other ecosystem services.

Spatio-temporal dynamics of land use changes of an intense anthropized basin in the Brazilian semi-arid region

The temporal dynamics of land use and land cover (LULC) changes affect natural resources and biodiversity on a local and global scale. The negative impacts of LULC changes can be enhanced in arid and semi-arid areas, where vegetations are more sensitive to changes due to limited water availability. The present study aimed to explore the detailed spatio-temporal LULC changes in the Jaguaribe River basin, Ceará state, Brazil. Specifically, we aimed to identify the dynamics of LULC changes from 1985 to 2018, including the main LULC conversations and the sub-basins that presented the most intense dynamics. For this, we used annual LULC maps generated by the national Mapbiomas project. The LULC conversions were determined through cross-tabulation analysis and pixel comparison analysis. Our results indicate that in the last three decades there was a significant conversion of the natural vegetation Caatinga (Arboreal and Herbaceous) to agricultural and livestock areas, showing that the anthropic activities are the main factors behind the historical landscape changes in the Jaguaribe River basin. The Middle Jaguaribe and the Lower Jaguaribe sub-basins were the most affected by LULC changes during the study period. While the LULC changes in Middle Jaguaribe sub-basin reveal that this area has been impacted by anthropic interference with similar areas of pasture and the caatinga class since 1985, the Lower Jaguaribe sub-basin was continuously impacted mainly by the expansion of the annual and perennial culture and reduction of natural vegetation areas. The Lower Jaguaribe sub-basin had a higher percentage of altered areas, LULC classes per pixel and LULC changes during the study period. The spatio-temporal analysis presented can orient planning actions to conserve natural resources and preserve the biodiversity in this semi-arid region of Brazil.

Temporal and spatial dynamics of land use and land cover changes in derived savannah hydrological basin of Enugu State, Nigeria

Temporal and spatial dynamics of land use and land cover changes in derived savannah hydrological basin of Enugu State, Nigeria

A machine learning-based classification of LANDSAT images to map land use and land cover of India

The land use and land cover (LULC) maps are often required by planners and policymakers for effective planning and management interventions at the local, national, regional and global levels. Various attempts have been made to develop LULC maps using field-based surveys and by processing remotely sensed images. These maps can be developed using different tools and methodologies at different scales to achieve different levels of accuracy. With the advent of remote sensing technologies and its application in making LULC maps, attempts have been made to develop such maps with improved accuracy and consistency. The machine learning-based approaches have been attempted to develop LULC maps with varying levels of accuracy using different satellite images. Making LULC maps for a large region such as India covering a total area of ca. 3,287,469 km2 can be a cumbersome process using conventional approaches. Thus the map was developed using remotely sensed images using machine learning algorithm (Mnlogit) on LANDSAT images (2005, 2006, 2007 and 2016) for entire India region. We developed LULC maps of years 2005, 2006, 2007 and 2016 to test the consistency of classification using the trained Mnlogit model using field survey based signatures for corresponding years in respective images. We could achieve reasonably good accuracy varying in the range of 80–86% during all four years. A Kappa statistic - K (hat), was obtained in the range of 0.71–0.81 which indicates reasonably good accuracy. The study can be replicated for other regions using other available satellite remote sensing images to obtain LULC maps. In general, the suggested approach in this study will help planners to obtain LULC maps at different time intervals to study land-use change dynamics in a shorter time and cost-effective way.

Dynamics of Land Use Changes on The Livelihoods of The Local Communities in Baringo County: Understanding The Drivers

This paper examined the dynamics of land use changes on the livelihood of the local communities in Baringo County. Land is a principal factor of production, a source of life and livelihoods. It provides a means of living and a variety of uses such as agricultural, human settlement, environmental conservation, urban and industrial development purposes among others. These uses compete for space in a fixed area, hence the rising land use conflicts and degradation. The situation has threatened lives and livelihoods, making it difficult to plan for the livelihood activities in the County. This is happening against the backdrop of land use policy changes including; sessional paper no 3 of 2009 on the National Land Policy, the Constitution of Kenya 2010, the Land Act, 2012, the Land Registration Act, 2012, the Community Land Act, 2016 and sessional paper no 1 of 2017 on National Land Use Policy that were intended to alleviate the situation. This situation is now a major threat to the livelihood of the local communities in Baringo County. This study, therefore, sought to examined the dynamics of land use changes on the livelihood of the local communities in Baringo county with specific objective to establish the drivers of the changes. A comprehensive desk review of existing literature was done, and land use changes were descriptively analyzed. The review spanned from pre-colonial (before 1895), colonial (1895 to 1963), independence (1963 to 2010) including the subsequent years of land reforms following the promulgation of the Constitution of Kenya 2010 onwards to 2020. The study found that the key drivers of land use changes originate from the change of land use policies from customary to European-like systems during the colonial era (1895 to 1963). These drivers revolve around the conflicts in the application of land use policies and laws, dual production system (different land use for registered private land in arable areas and the unregistered community land in non-arable areas within the county) occasioning wide productivity gap and economic disparity. Further the knowledge gaps associated with colonial perceptions, ideologies, and attitudinal practices, which led to misconception and wrong policies aggravated the situation. The consequences disorganize the local community land use and social system, broke down the traditional grazing and cropping patterns, depleted soils fertility & degraded the environment. In addition, the study found out that in the unregistered community land, land use conflicts were rampant, and characterized by invaded and claim interest as well as unscrupulous legal manipulation of land ownership records leading to dispossession. These two salient features are the main drivers of land use changes that led to continuous and frequent fatal inter-ethnic land use conflicts among the local communities; causing displacement and destruction of property among other atrocities working against politically weak local community. This scenario destabilized livelihood possibilities making it difficult for local communities to engage in basic livelihood activities and create uncertainty for future development. The study concluded that the security of land tenure perpetrates land use conflicts particularly in the unregistered community land. The government, therefore, need to register the community land to enhance land tenure security in the county.

Territorial change, urbanization and development of football clubs in China

ABSTRACT The professional football clubs from the Chinese Super League (CSL), the top male professional football league in China, have been at the frontline in the fiercely competitive international market by paying record-breaking transfer fees and offering exorbitant salaries to recruit players. This paper analyses the development of professional football clubs in China as a tertiary capital-intensive urban industry from a spatial perspective, understanding urbanization as a process propelled by changes in the system of administrative divisions. It argues that changes in the territorial configuration of cities produce intertwined dynamics of land-use changes and fixed capital investments, a process in which land developers and industrial conglomerates accumulate surpluses that are subsequently invested in the development of professional football clubs as a tertiary circuit of capital investment. The paper highlights the establishment of urban districts in cities at the highest scales of power in China’s territorial system of administrative divisions as a crucial strategy through which the central government has reproduced urbanization, financially empowering conglomerates that reinvest capital in the football industry. The development and achievements of two football clubs – Guangzhou Evergande-Taobao FC and Shanghai SIPG FC – are discussed in the context of the territorial administrative restructuring of their host cities.

Land use change dynamics in Euro-mediterranean mountain regions: Driving forces and consequences for the landscape

The marginalization of mountain regions in Mediterranean Europe since the mid-20th Century has triggered important socioeconomic and environmental changes that are putting the survival of highly regulated and environmentally adapted landscapes in jeopardy. We still have only a limited understanding of the driving forces behind these dynamics of change and their final consequences for the structure and character of the landscape. In general, the transformation of the landscape and its causes have been studied at regional and local level and various syntheses have been made for Europe or the Mediterranean as a whole, focusing above all on changes in the use of farmland. The objective of this paper is to provide a holistic view of the changes that have taken place in the landscape in the Euro-Mediterranean region, focusing in particular on the mountains because of their role as heritage reserves and as sources of environmental services. This research involves a systematic review of the evidence about the dynamics of land use change, its underlying drivers and their effects on the landscape. We analyse 53 case studies from 6 countries situated on the northern shores of the Mediterranean. These studies covered a period of around 40 years and were each performed at a local scale. The results reveal that landscape change is caused above all by the abandonment of farmland and reforestation (in over 90% of cases), and by pressure from urban development in the case of coastal and peri-urban mountain ranges. In addition, the dominant dynamics in each case vary depending on the bioclimatic area in question, to the extent that bioclimate has been shown to be an important explanatory factor behind these dynamics. The underlying boosters of change normally act together and those most commonly cited are economic, demographic and geographic. As regards the impacts on the structure and character of the landscape, the dynamics analysed are manifested first and foremost in degradation processes, in an increase in homogenization, which affects above all the most humid bioclimates, and in the fragmentation of open spaces. This analysis provides a general overview of the causes and consequences of the changes in land use in the mountain regions of Mediterranean Europe and raises questions of interest for policy-making that affects the landscape.

Analisis Perubahan Penggunaan Lahan Dan Prediksinya dengan Menggunakan Markov – Cellular Automata Di Wilayah Peri Urban Kota Malang

Peri Urban Area is a unique region with spatial dynamics that continues to experience changes that have an important role to play in the urban life in the future. There are 8 sub-districts in Malang Regency which are directly adjacent to Malang City and have a significant influence on the development of the city. Objectives of this research are to determine the dynamics of land use change from 2008 - 2018 and to predict land use in 2030. The method used is the analysis of land use changes from landsat TM 8 images in 2008 and 2013 to predict land use in 2018 which then tested the validity to get a level of accuracy. The results showed the development of built-up area has increased by 12% while agricultural land has experienced a declining trend. Significant changes occurred in Singosari, Pakisaji and Karangploso sub-district. Validation of land use between the predictions of 2018 and actual land use in 2018 showed that the value of kappa was quite high, at 87%. The trend of land use in peri-urban areas until the year 2030 is predicted to have built up area of 26,456 ha, which means an increase 17,686 ha (33.6%) from the existing year 2018. The potential incompatibility of the RTRW with the predicted land use in 2030 is 11,950 ha or 22.7%.

Simulation and Prediction of the Spatial Dynamics of Land Use Changes Modelling Through CLUE-S in the Southeastern Region of Bangladesh

Simulation and Prediction of the Spatial Dynamics of Land Use Changes Modelling Through CLUE-S in the Southeastern Region of Bangladesh

Evolution of land use in coal-based cities based on the ecological niche theory: A case study in Shuozhou City, China

With the rapid development changes and the special land-use patterns, coal-based cities (CBCs) have faced many critical sustainability issues such as the effective use of land resources, the mitigation of land supply-demand contradictions. How does the development of CBCs in China affected local land-use changes and what status does each land type occupy? The relevant mechanisms are not clear. Shuozhou City, a typical growth CBC in China, was therefore selected as the research area to investigate the land use evolution by introducing the theory of land use ecological niche (LUEN). The dynamic changes of land use from 1990 to 2018 were analyzed, and cultivated land played a significant role in the process of land transformation with the highest utilization degree, followed by grassland and construction land. The cultivated land and mining land occupied the economic niche, construction land occupied the social niche, and forest land, grassland, and water area occupied the natural niche. From 2010 to 2015, construction land and mining land occupied the prevailing position of the land-use system. The substantial expansion and compression of the land use ecological niche in Shuozhou City were in the early stage of city development, and there was not a major change in the later stage. In general, the spatial distribution of land use ecological niche was in the east-west direction. Therefore, the production function zone, living function zone, and ecological function zone were delineated. The status, role, and function of land use type should be prioritized when developing land-use planning, considering the mechanisms of land-use change. Governments should actively break through the restrictions of coal resources mining on land use change while giving full play to the role of land resource assets in promoting sustainable development.

Assessing the Dynamics of Urban Growth and Land Use Changes in Jeli Using Geospatial Technique

Land use change pattern in Jeli is been given a focus as part of tool for land planning anddevelopment. An increasing of population in Jeli make this study is relevant to aid an understandingon land use changes in this area due to the demanded for development and rapid land utilisation.Land use change pattern can be obtained via geospatial technique by Geographical InformationSystem (GIS) together with satellite imagery analysis. In this study, land use maps produced fromsupervised classification using maximum likelihood algorithm give a high accuracy of 92.05%.From classified land use images, urban expansion index (SI) were then calculated from year 1984to 2012. Pearson’s correlation analysis discovered a strong negative correlation between forest andagricultural areas which reflected that with increased of agriculture area, forest reserve was founddepleted. The SI of Jeli showed a low to rapid growth in 1994 and 1997 to 2012 respectively. Thestudy reflected the progressive development in Jeli promotes sustainable usage of forest area wheneffort of reforestation was carried out forming a co-existence land use category between forest andagriculture.

Tropical Coastal Land-Use and Land Cover Changes Impact on Ecosystem Service Value during Rapid Urbanization of Benin, West Africa.

West African coastal areas including the Beninese coastal zones have undergone an intensification of socio-economic activity in the last few decades that has been strongly driven by the effects of rapid urbanization. This has led to land-use and land cover changes that represent threats to the sustainability of various ecosystem functions. Such dynamics of land use and land cover changes pose challenges to coastal zone management. Correct assessment is vital for policymakers and planners to ensure efficient and sustainable use of the coastal ecosystem services, and it remains crucial to achieving sustainable coastal zone management. This study examines changes in land-use and land cover (LULC) and their impacts on ecosystem services value (ESV) fluctuations in the tropical coastal region of Benin, West Africa. We employed Globe Land 30 image data for the years 2010 and 2020, and the ESV fluctuations during the study period were evaluated using the benefit transfer approach (BTA) with corresponding local coefficients values and the GIS techniques. The results reveal that (1) in the current urbanizing coastal area, the LULC types have changed significantly, with obvious reductions in forest land and waterbodies and a considerable increase in artificial surfaces; (2) the total ESV decreased by 8.51% from USD 7.1557 million in 2010 to USD 6.5941 million in 2020; (3) the intensity of LULC in the coastal region has increased over the last 10 years; (4) regions with high land-use intensity have a high rate of ESV change; and (5) provisioning services are the greatest contributors of ESV (51% in 2010; 41% in 2020), followed by supporting services (37% in 2010; 35% in 2020) and regulating services (25% in 2010; 30% in 2020). Uncontrolled changes in LULC from forest land and waterbodies are the main causes of the loss in total ESV, necessitating urgent measures to improve the coastal ecosystem sustainability through effective planning and policies.