Dyed Cotton Fabrics Research Articles

SURFACE CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF C.I. LEUCO SULPHUR BLACK 1 DYED COTTON FABRIC AFTER-TREATED WITH PLANT-DERIVED TANNIN-BASED PROTECTIVE AGENT

In this investigation, the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic technique has been used to examine the surface chemistry of C.I. Leuco Sulphur Black 1 dyed cotton fabric, which has been after-treated with a tannin-based commercial product, Bayprotect CL, and laundered in accordance with ISO 105 C06 and C09 washing protocols. The dyeings were evaluated for colour strength, wash fastness and colour loss. Surface chemical compositions of the dyeings were analysed to relate visual changes with surface chemical changes. Alterations in percentage atomic concentrations of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and sulphur were compared for untreated, after-treated, unlaundered and laundered dyed samples. After-treated and laundered dyed samples exhibited higher content of surface sulphur and lower surface oxidation, as compared to the untreated counterparts. The S (2p) spectra of after-treated and laundered samples demonstrated reduced over-oxidised (S6+) species at 168 eV. There was 5% and 4% less surface oxidation for ISO 105 C06 and C09 washing systems, respectively.

Green natural dye from Buddleja officinalis and its ultrasonic dyeing on cotton fabric

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore a new eco-friendly green textile dyeing. Natural plant Buddleja officinalis is traditionally used as yellow pigment addition in rice. It is worth developing its application and dyeing performance in cotton fabric.Design/methodology/approachBuddleja officinalis dried flower was extracted with ethanol aqueous. The extraction conditions including ethanol concentration, material to liquor ratio, extract time and temperature were optimized. Then cotton fabrics were dyed with Buddleja officinalis extraction under conventional and ultrasonic conditions. The effects of dyeing time, bath ratio, pH value of dyeing bath, dyeing temperature and mordants on K/S values were studied and the resulting color strength obtained by conventional and ultrasonic dyeing were compared. The ultraviolet (UV) transmittance of Buddleja officinalis dyed cotton fabric was also evaluated.FindingsThe color strength of the fabric dyed with Buddleja officinalis under ultrasonic conditions was higher than that under conventional conditions. Alum, Fe and Cu as simultaneous mordants improved the K/S value of the dyed cotton fabrics. Both washing fastness and rubbing fastness were fairly good in all Buddleja officinalis dyed cotton fabrics, washing fastness = 3–4 and rubbing fastness = 4. What’s more, the dyed cotton fabrics showed lower transmittance values as compared to undyed cotton fabrics and indicated potential UV protection capability.Practical implicationsBuddleja officinalis can be a new natural dye source for the ultrasonic dyeing of cotton fabric.Originality/valueIt is for the first time that Buddleja officinalis is used as a natural dye in cotton fabric dyeing with less water and the dyeing using ultrasound has been found to have an obvious improvement in the color strength and color-fastness.

Effect of Reactive Dyeing on Fabrics Modification with Silver Nanowires (AgNWs).

This paper presents the characterization of cotton and wool fabrics modified by silver nanowires (AgNWs). The effect of reactive dyeing of wool and cotton fabrics on their modification with AgNWs was analyzed. Both fabrics were dyed using reactive dyes (yellow, red, blue) at four color intensities (0.5, 1, 2, and 5%). Dyed fabrics were characterized by the determined Kubelka–Munk’s coefficient (K/S) ratio and vibrational spectra (Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman). Analysis of the amount of AgNWs applied on cotton and wool fabrics indicates that the presence of dye affects the surface modification with AgNWs depending on the type of fibers. While for cotton no significant differences were noted in relation to the color intensity, in the case of wool, the higher the dye contents, the more nanowires were deposited on the surface. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) effect accompanying AgNW modification was also observed on wool, similar to the previous study on cotton.

Extraction of an eco-friendly natural dye from Eleutherine bulbosa (Miller) Urban bulbs, its application as a cotton fabric colorant and chemical characterization

ABSTRACT In recent years, natural dyes are gaining importance in textile dyeing applications as they are renewable and biodegradable. In the present study, we selected Eleutherine bulbosa bulbs as a source of natural colorant for dyeing cotton fabrics. Water was used for the extraction of dye, a step toward eco-friendly dyeing. The dyeing was carried out with different mordants and color fastness properties were determined. Relatively higher color strength values were obtained with Myrobalan fruit extract (Mfe- 4.267) and Pomegranate rind extract (Pre- 2.731) as mordants. With Mfe and Pre good color strength values were retained even after detergent wash (3.103 and 1.865) or light exposure (3.689 and 2.395). A combination of Eleutherine dye with turmeric extract was also experimented. Results showed better color strength values with Mfe (4.304) and Pre (3.120). The color retainability after detergent wash (2.960 and 2.100) or light exposure (4.186 and 2.911) was also good with these mordants. Results revealed that E. bulbosa could be used as a source of an ecofriendly dye for cotton fabrics, and the dye-fixing is most effective with the natural mordant myrobalan. The composition of dye extract was analyzed by LCMS technique, 15 compounds were detected, most of which are quinone derivatives.

Dyeing Property Improvement of Madder with Polycarboxylic Acid for Cotton.

Cotton fabrics were dyed with the madder and compounds of citric acid (CA) and dicarboxylic acids [tartaric acid (TTA), malic acid (MLA), succinic acid (SUA)] as cross-linking agents and sodium hypophosphite (SHP) as the catalyst. The molecular structures and crystal structures of the dyed cotton fabrics were analyzed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffractometry (XRD), respectively. The results showed that the polycarboxylic acids esterified with the hydroxyl groups in the dye and cellulose, respectively, and the reaction mainly occurred in the amorphous region of the cotton fabric. Compared with the direct dyed cotton fabric, the surface color depth (K/S) values of the CA, CA+TTA, CA+MLA, CA+SUA cross-linked dyed cotton fabrics increased by approximately 160%, 190%, 240%, 270%, respectively. The CA+SUA cross-linked dyed cotton fabric achieved the biggest K/S value due to the elimination of the negative effect by α-hydroxyl in TTA and MLA on esterification reaction, and the cross-linked dyed cotton fabrics had great levelness property. The washing and rubbing fastness of the cross-linked cotton fabrics were above four levels. The light resistance stability and the antibacterial property of the cross-linked dyed cotton fabrics was obviously improved. The sum of warp and weft wrinkle recovery angle (WRA) of the CA+SUA cross-linked dyed cotton fabric was 55° higher than that of raw cotton fabric, and its average UV transmittance for UVA was less than 5% and its UPF value was 50+, showing a great anti-wrinkle and anti-ultraviolet properties.

Environmental method for preparation of higher color strength dyeing cotton fabrics with colored nanosilica pigment

Colored wastewater discharge into the water system would pose a severe threat to human health and aquatic life. It is critical to enhance dye utilization and reduce dye discharge in the textile industry. In this work, a novel colored silica nanosphere was designed as pigment to dye cotton fabrics and could be recycled in the dyeing process. The worm-like hydrophilic porous silica (WHMS) nanospheres possess a large specific surface area of 968.61 m2/g, an average size of 300 nm, and strong electronegativity. The WHMS-dye nanosphere was fabricated through the adsorption of rhodamine B (RB) and methylene blue (MB) onto WHMS nanospheres. The adsorption capacities of WHMS nanospheres towards RB and MB were above 500 mg/g. It demonstrated that the prepared WHMS-dye nanospheres possessed good stability and coloration performance on the cotton fabrics, originating from the enrichment of dyes on the WHMS nanospheres. The color strength of colored nanospheres-dyed cotton fabrics is deeper compared with the pure dye. Moreover, the dyed cotton fabrics show satisfactory color fastness and hand feel. The colored silica nanospheres could be reused for the next dyeing process to reduce dyes discharge. This work shows that WHMS-dye nanospheres may be used as an environmentally sound pigment for dyeing cotton fabrics to avoid a large amount of dyes discharge.

Dyeing of cotton fabric by Caesalpinia sappan aqueous extract at different temperatures and mordants

The colour is one of the most important features in textile industry and customers requirements. Synthetic colours are available at affordable prices due to their bulk production. On the other hand, they pose undesirable taste (in case of foods) and harmful effects to ecosystem. The natural colours when used in textiles do not threat the environments and do not cause any skin allergy, toxicity and other hazards to living things as compared to the synthetic counterparts. In the present study, dyeing experiments were conducted with the aqueous extract of bark chips of Caesalpinia sappan at 60, 80 and100° C and using different mordant treatments. The fastness to washing for most of cotton fabrics showed fair grey scale rating. Among the mordants Alum, CuSo4 and Myrobalan used, the natural mordant myrobalan showed poor fastness properties compared to other two mordants. The staining tests showed that most of fabrics exhibited only slight/completely no pilling in majority of the treatments.

Development of efficient strain of Ganoderma lucidum for biological stripping of cotton fabric dyed Reactive Blue 21

One of the most common dyeing problems of textile industries is uneven and faulty dyeing over the finished quality of fabrics due to different reasons. These problems are usually tackled through chemical degradation in which uneven and faulty dye is removed from the surface of fiber but fabric quality is compromised. Chemical process also reduces the strength of the fabric and durability of textile material by reduction in reactive dye ability. The fabric cannot be reused due to the reduced strength. To overcome above mentioned problem, biological method of stripping in which enzymes produced by different micro-organisms are used. This process has no harmful effect on the fabric and is safe for environment. In this research work reactive blue 21 dye with 0.5, 2 and 4% shade strengths was used to dye cotton fabric. The Ganoderma lucidum fungal strains were mutated by UV mutagen, and five were selected for further processing. These mutant strains were grown at temperature ranges (20 °C to 40 °C); pH(3–5); inoculum size(1–5 mL) and fermentation time (3–15 days) . The required nutrients media to produce the ligninolytic enzymes was added to the flask. The strain which gave the fast decolourization results was selected for further optimization. Optimization was done by observing the variables: incubation time 12 days, pH 4, temperature 30 °C, and inoculum size 3 mL by applying Response Surface Methodology (RSM) in Central Composite Design (CCD). During the process of fabric color stripping, the enzyme assay revealed that the respective mutant UV-60 strain produced active enzymes with their Vmax, Mnp (427U/mL), LiP (785U/mL), and Lac (75 U/mL) enzymes decolorized 89% of the dye which is 25% more than the parent strain and also the production of enzyme is Mnp (344U/mL), LiP (693U/mL), and Lac (59 U/mL) enzymes which is lower than mutant strain.

Preparation of green and sustainable colorimetric cotton assay using natural anthocyanins for sweat sensing

Herein, we develop a novel smart cotton swab as a diagnostic assay for onsite monitoring of sweat pH changes toward potential applications in monitoring human healthcare and drug exam. Anthocyanin (Ac) can be extracted from Brassica oleracea var. capitata f. rubra using a simple procedure. Then, it can be used as a direct dye into cotton fibers using potash alum as mordant (M) to fix the anthocyanin dye onto the surface of the cotton fabric (Cot). This was monitored by generating mordant/anthocyanin nanoparticles (MAcNPs) onto the fabric surface. The cotton sensor assay demonstrated colorimetric changes in the ultraviolet-visible absorbance spectral analysis associated with a blueshift from 588 to 422 nm with increasing the pH of a perspiration simulant fluid. The biochromic performance of the dyed cotton diagnostic assay depended essentially on the halochromic activity of the anthocyanin spectroscopic probe to demonstrate a color change from pink to green due to intramolecular charge transfer occurring on the anthocyanin chromophore. After dyeing, no significant defects were detected in air-permeability and bend length. High colorfastness was investigated for the dyed cotton fabrics.

Synthesis and characterisation of a new water soluble fluorescent cationic polymer and its microbiological activity

The work describes the synthesis of a new fluorescent cationic polymer (PNI) containing 1,8-naphthalimide units. Its photophysical characteristics have studied in organic solvents and water. The investigations have revealed, the polymer in solution to have an intense yellow color and to emit yellow-green fluorescence. These properties have been preserved after depositing it onto a cotton fabric. The color coordinates (L*, a*, b* and XYZ) of the dyed cotton fabric have been determined. The antimicrobial activity of PNI has been studied in a liquid medium against bacterial strains Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and the fungal strain Candida lypolitica. The results obtained show moderate activity of the polymer against the tested strains which had been preserved after its loading onto the cotton fabric.

Eco-Friendly Dyeing of Pretreated Cotton Fabric Using a Natural Dye Extract from Erythrina abyssinica

ABSTRACT The increasing awareness of toxicity of synthetic dyes has considerably raised the demand for natural dyes. Retaining color fastness and strength of natural dyes on fabric is the main limitation in textile dyeing with natural dyes. In this study cotton fabric was pre-treated with aqueous tannic acid in order to enhance the fabric’s color fastness and strength of the natural dye. The untreated, treated and dyed cotton were characterized using Fourier-Transform Infrared spectroscopic analysis to confirm the modification of the cellulosic fiber. Different solvents were used to extract dye from Erythrina abyssinica plant and subjected to phytochemical quantification then used to dye cotton. The new FTIR peaks at 2646 cm−1and 1578 cm−1, which correspond to carbonyl (C=O) stretching mode and C=C stretching mode for aromatic ring, respectively, confirmed the modification and dyeing due to the attachment of the aromatic dye molecules to the cellulose structure. It was noted that modification of cellulose structure enhanced color strength and fastness. Mordanting with alum and ferrous sulfate using different methods formed variety of shades that ranged between light yellow to greenish yellow. Therefore, Erythrina abyssinica plant can be used as a source of natural dye for dyeing cotton fabric.

Surface functionalization of greige cotton knitted fabric through plasma and cationization for dyeing with reactive and acid dyes

Dyeing cotton fabrics with anionic dyes produces high effluent loads and requires a considerable amount of water and energy due to the electrostatic repulsion with cellulose. Therefore, several approaches have been researched to increase the efficacy of cotton dyeing. One is the cationization, which adds cationic sites to the cellulose. Another is the treatment of the cotton surface with plasma. In this paper, the combination of both techniques was investigated. Two commercially available cationic agents were used: 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (CHPTAC) and poly[bis(2-chloroethyl) ether-alt-1,3-bis[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]urea] quaternized, a novel cationic agent also known as Polyquaternium-2 (P42). The plasma treatment was performed using a dielectric barrier discharge atmospheric plasma facility, helium was used as seed gas and 1.5% of oxygen was injected. The cationization and plasma treatment were performed on greige cotton fabric, an innovative and sustainable approach that eliminates conventional scouring and bleaching processes. The cationic and plasma treated samples were dyed using Reactive Red 195 and Acid Blue 260 dyes. The effect of the treatments was evaluated by different characterization techniques such as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The plasma treatment slightly increased the light fastness for some samples, but the cationization tends to prevail over the plasma treatment. The best results were attributed to the samples pretreated by CHPTAC, which presented the highest K/S and lowest unlevelness for samples dyed with reactive and acid dyes. CHPTAC is the most common cationic agent for textiles, but its industrial use is limited due to safety criticisms. The combination between plasma and P42 resulted in the same color strength as the conventional reactive dyeing. Therefore, this approach offers a safer alternative to the conventional cationization process.

Upcycling sawdust into colorant: Ecofriendly natural dyeing of fabrics with ultrasound assisted dye extract of Pterocarpus indicus Willd.

Exploitation of synthetic dyes in a variety of manufacturing sectors including textiles poses serious problems to the environment. Natural dyes are becoming vital alternatives to toxic synthetic dyes, however, with limitations such as availability and process standardization. Herein, we explore the dyeing potential of a sawdust, Pterocarpus indicus Willd., which is widely available as a waste from timber industry in South Asia and other parts of the world. Ultrasound assisted extraction method was carried out to extract natural dye from the sawdust. The extract was used to dye cotton and silk fabrics using various metallic and natural mordants such as alum, stannous chloride, copper sulphate, gallnut, pomegranate rind and gooseberry and the process was optimized. The effect of different pretreatments such as chitosan and myrobalan on dyeing fabrics was also studied. Colour properties of the naturally dyed fabrics such as colour strength, colour co-ordinates and various fastness were assessed. The natural mordants such as gallnut, pomegranate rind and gooseberry provided comparable fastness property to metallic mordants, thereby suggesting the use of the extracted dye with natural mordants for exclusive eco-friendly dyeing. We also demonstrate that chitosan and myrobalan pretreatments significantly enhance the colour strength, colour fastness and UV protection properties of naturally colored cotton and silk fabrics. Overall, the results suggest copper sulphate mordanting with chitosan pretreatment and stannous chloride mordanting with myrobalan pretreatment as the best combination for cotton and silk fabrics, respectively considering the color fastness and UV protection properties. The results provide ample scope for the upcycling of timber industry waste into a natural dye for eco-friendly coloration of fabrics.

Dye Extraction from Immature Wood Apple, Characterization and its Eco-Friendly Application on Cotton, and Silk Fabrics

The application of natural dye has been thriving due to its eco-friendly coloration process on textiles by reducing chemical usage. In this research experiment, immature wood apple has been extracted in three different solvents such as ethanol, methanol, and water. Retention factor by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and dye extraction percent were employed selecting the best solvent for dye extraction from the wood apple. Following then, silk and cotton fabrics had been dyed with that extracted dye in the most appropriate solvent. The wood apple dye had also been characterized by UV-vis absorbance, FTIR analysis, and antimicrobial activity test against two bacteria (E. coli and B. subtilis). Moreover, the dyeing performance of dyed fabrics had been evaluated by color co-ordinate value, dye pick up percentage, color strength, Metamerism Index and various colorfastness properties. It has been observed that wood apple shows better antimicrobial activity when extracted in ethanol in case of both bacterial stains. Whereas, after application on fabrics, silk exhibits a higher color strength value and dye pick-up percent compared to dyed cotton fabrics. The colorfastness properties of dyed silk and cotton are also admirable

Various Uses of Natural Plants Extracts for Functionalization Textile Based Materials

The use of natural colors creates no problems for waste disposal and can provide naturally dyed fabrics. Dyes may be derived from natural resources since old times. And The revival of sustainable plant-based dyes now a day is becoming the demand for the global community in all fields. so in this review, we discuss the application of natural plant extracts such as peanut pod which used in the dyeing of cotton fabric and using olive tree leaves and its extraction to dye cotton fabric and dyeing wool using henna extraction with the use of chitosan pretreatment instead of mordanting and also extract new natural mordant from oak and uses it In the dyeing of wool fabric.

Dyeing of Cotton Fabric with Natural Dye Extracted from Egyptian Cotton Leaves

Cotton leaves have been used to extract natural dye for dyeing of Egyptian cotton variety Giza 86 fabric and its blend with polyester 50:50, using different mordants such as iron (II) sulfate, copper (II) sulfate, and alum. The exhaust dyeing method was utilized using the pre-mordant technique. It is observed that both fabric samples can be dyed in different colors and depth of shades with Cotton leaves dye. Iron (II) sulfate ensures the best light fastness. Improved light fastness is obtained using abovementioned lower amounts of iron (II) sulfate and copper (II) sulfate. Alum is found to be less effective than iron (II) sulfate and copper (II) sulfate on the light fastness. As a novel alternative and potential natural dye, Cotton leaves extract solution can be used to get various colors and shades with satisfactory fastness properties. The mordanted and un-mordanted fabric samples were tested for their dyeing performance in terms of color parameters K/S, (L*), a*, b*, (C*) and (H*), and fastness properties (wash, perspiration, light and rubbing fastness) were studied. The samples showed high color strength, and high fastness properties. These results are very important for industrial application and with the production of a natural dye as an inexpensive source from cotton leaves as a by-product. Another objective is to increase the production of eco-textile garments with a good price for the Egyptian customers.

Dyeing of Cotton Fabric in Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane Using Alkyl Polyglucoside-based Reverse Micelle as Reactive Dye Carrier

Dyeing of Cotton Fabric in Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane Using Alkyl Polyglucoside-based Reverse Micelle as Reactive Dye Carrier

A cleaner production process for high performance cotton fabrics

High performance cotton fabrics with color, luster and wrinkle resistance are manufactured by three steps. The coloration, wrinkle resistance and luster finishing consume a large number of resources, and generate a huge amount of colored wastewater. The present research reports a cleaner process for dyeing, wrinkle resistance and luster finishing of cotton fabrics. Cotton fabrics were dyed at 35 °C for 15 h with multifunctional reactive dye solutions of high concentrations. Scanning electron microscope images show the fiber cross sections became circular like the mercerized cotton fibers, and the fabrics exhibited nice luster and wrinkle resistant ability. For fabrics with light and middle color, a certain amount of 1,3,5-triacryloyhexahydro-1,3,5-triazine was added into the dye liquor to make the fiber cross section become circular and to make the wrinkle recovery angle reach more than 260° to obtain good wrinkle resistant ability. When the padded fabrics were steamed at 102 °C for 3 min instead of fixing at 35 °C for 15 h, the wrinkle recovery angle also reached 266°. The breaking strength of dyed fabrics decreased with increasing the dye and 1,3,5-triacryloyhexahydro-1,3,5-triazine concentrations. The enhancement of wrinkle resistance of dyed fabrics is due to the crosslink effect of the dye molecules with cellulose macromolecules. This one-step process will save a significant amount of energy and water, and reduce the effluent discharged.

Novel nano silica assisted synthesis of azo pyrazole for the sustainable dyeing and antimicrobial finishing of cotton fabrics in supercritical carbon dioxide

A new protocol was developed for the synthesis of azo pyrazole derivatives via one-pot reaction of β-ketonitriles and phenyl hydrazines in the presence of nano SiO2 as a mild catalyst. The synthesized dyes were elucidated using spectrophotometry, mainly NMR; FTIR; UV as well as elemental analysis. The dyeing was carried out utilizing supercritical carbon dioxide as a green medium. Outstanding deep color shades and excellent dye fixation were exhibited by all new dyes. Furthermore, the dyed samples revealed superlative color fastness. The biological evaluation of both the dyestuffs and the dyed samples showed overgrowing antimicrobial activity against the tested microorganisms. Therefore, our findings assured that disperse reactive dyes are the most commercially appropriate materials for dyeing cotton in supercritical carbon dioxide.

Colour-fast eco-friendly nanoparticles for dyeing cotton fabrics

Colour-fast eco-friendly nanoparticles for dyeing cotton fabrics