Dyadic Structure Research Articles

Structural consequences of individual position in nondyadic social networks

The pattern of dyadic relationships among members of a population has often been used to obtain important information on the way that social structure can further or constrain social action. More recently, it has been proposed that nondyadic relationships can play a similar role. In this paper, a formalism is proposed that allows the dyadic structure and the nondyadic structure to be considered simultaneously. If this formalism is applied to the study of the structure arising from attendance at significant social events, it becomes possible to identify potential loci for social action. Still further, it is shown that information on individuals' structural perspectives with respect to such potential loci can be translated into conclusions about the individuals' positions in the dyadic structure. Such considerations can be used to evaluate the relative potential of these loci for social action.

Precise nucleotide location of the 5′ ends of RNA-primed nascent light strands of mouse mitochondrial DNA

The mouse mitochondrial DNA origin of light-strand replication has been defined as a 32-nucleotide region located among five transfer RNA genes in the genomic sequence. A distinctive feature of this origin is its potential to form a perfectly complementary stem and 11-nucleotide loop structure. Previous studies have demonstrated that the 5′ ends of nascent light strands map within this region and a major trinucleotide ribosubstitution site in closed circular mouse mitochondrial DNA has been mapped within the stem sequence. Direct analysis and precise localization of the 5′ ends of nascent light strands indicate that essentially all 5′ ends are ribonucleotides mapping in the originspecific dyadic structure. The major 5′ end identified is the rG at position 5187 in the genomic sequence. Priming of replication most likely occurs within the loop portion of the potential dyad and continues for 2 to 16 nucleotides with a sharply defined switch to deoxyribonucleotide synthesis. This functional transition point is identical in map position to the trinucleotide ribosubstitution site in mature, closed circular mitochondrial DNA.

A suboptimal controller for minimun sensitivity of closed loop eigenvalues to parameter variations

The design of a suboptimal controller for linear time invariant multivariable systems, which assigns the closed loop eigenvalues at desired locations and minimizes their sensitivity with respect to plant parameters, is outlined. The dominant open loop poles are shifted in groups employing a dyadic structure of state feedback for each group. Freedom available in choosing the constants of proportionality of the different rows of the dyadic matrices is used for eigenvalue sensitivity minimization. Since the final controller matrix is the sum of different dyadic matrices, the sensitivity of the final closed loop poles can be made less than that obtained by shifting all the dominant eigenvalues in one stage using unity rank feedback. An example illustrating the design method is given.

The Structure of Social Casework and Behavioural Change

ABSTRACTThe casework method practised in social work is assessed from a sociological-structural perspective. Social workers are viewed as agents of social control who wield power and authority in order to change their clients' attitudes and behaviour. It is argued that the main weaknesses of casework as a technique for personal change lie in its dyadic structure and isolation from the client's real-life environment. These characteristics impede the operation of the basic processes through which control and influence are generally accepted. It is proposed to substitute small groups of clients for the one-to-one casework setting, to link the treatment situation to real-life experiences, and to emphasize learning processes. It is believed that this restructuring of the worker-client encounter will increase the effectiveness of social work therapeutic intervention.

Dyadic feedback laws for linear multivariable systems

The extent to which it is possible to assign the eigenvalues of the system Where K is constrained to have the dyadic structure. K = qpT, is investigated. It is shown that a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of a dyadic feedback law to assign arbitrary eigenvalues, in so for as this can be accomplished by any state variable feedback law, is that the system matrix of the controllable part of the system is non-derogatory. The proof furnishes a constructive procedure for computing a vector q in this case. The treatment is based on the Anderson-Luenberger approach, and a now result is presented regarding the information which can be extracted from their canonical form.

Spatial Concepts of the Ainu of the Northwest Coast of Southern Sakhalin1

Presented here is the basic cognitive structure underlying the concepts of space among the Ainu of the northwest coast of southern Sakhalin, now resettled in Hokkaido. The spatial structure is examined by analyzing cultural meanings attached to the spatial categories and directions. The basic spatial structure may be best understood as a dyadic structure comprising a series of contrast sets in binary opposition, with the super‐Ainu quality as the minimal distinctive feature.

The denotative dimension of meaning for the mentally ill-healthy role: A theoretical implication

The problem of measuring meaning continues to present conceptual and methodological difficulty in research. In most cases, attitudinal or connotative meanings are elicited from social objects particularly role sets, cultural groups of specialized aggregates. But in some cases, the scaling of a denotative object like a role set would have desirable advantages. For the mentally ill-healthy role set, this could mean avoiding stereotypic responses provided the scales were sufficiently projective. To exploit this possibility, a differential scale representing the ill-healthy roles was tested under various conditions of control. The findings suggest that the ill-healthy items adequately scale and distinguish between the concept criteria. A further theoretical implication was tested, showing that the mentally ill-healthy roles were not significantly different when compared to the evaluational dimension of the semantic differential implying that legitimacy (tendency to sanction) is the central focus of meaning for this dyadic structure.

A denotative dimension of meaning for the mentally ill-healthy role in society.

The problem of measuring meaning continues to present conceptual and methodological difficulty in research. In most cases, attitudinal or connotative meanings are elicited from social objects particularly role sets, cultural groups or specialized aggregates. But in some cases, the scaling of a denotative object like a role set would have desirable advantages. For the mentally ill-healthy role set, this could mean avoiding stereotypic responses provided the scales were sufficiently projective. To exploit this possibility, a differential scale representing the ill-healthy roles was tested under various conditions of control. The findings suggest that the ill-healthy items adequately scale and distinguish between the concept criteria. A further theoretical implication was tested, showing that the mentally ill-healthy roles were not significantly different when compared to the evaluational dimension of the semantic differential implying that legitimacy (tendency to sanction) is the central focus of meaning for this dyadic structure.

Concepts of Time among the Ainu of the Northwest Coast of Sakhalin

Presented here is the basic cognitive structure underlying concepts of time among the Ainu of the northwest coast of southern Sakhalin, now resettled in Hokkaido. The temporal structure is examined by analyzing the Ainu units of what we call time and the cultural meaning attached to each unit. The Ainu time consists of a series of units in binary opposition. However, this opposition is not absolute but is relative to context. This temporal structure illustrates the dyadic structure of the Ainu world view, which has been the prime object of the author's study of the Ainu culture.