Limits Of Duty Research Articles

A Retrospective Review of Orthopedic Patients Returning from Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm to an Army Medical Center

A retrospective review of all casualties received related to Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm was conducted at Madigan Army Medical Center. Of the 180 patients determined to have returned from the Persian Gulf theater of operations, 93 (52%) had at least one orthopedic diagnosis and 84 (45%) were transported with a primary orthopedic diagnosis. The evacuation diagnosis was not substantiated by medical center evaluation in 37 (40%), and 42 (45%) were returned to duty without further treatment. Thirty-five patients (38%) were evacuated for a condition for which they had previously been profiled at least once. Peacetime duty limitations must be accurate and appropriate with respect to potential wartime demands.

The Convergence of Neutrality and Choice: The Limits of the State's Affirmative Duty to Provide Equal Educational Opportunity

The Convergence of Neutrality and Choice: The Limits of the State's Affirmative Duty to Provide Equal Educational Opportunity

Women and Elderly Parents: Moral Controversy in an Aging Society

The human life span has been extended considerably, and among the very old, women outnumber men by a large margin. Thus, the aging society cannot be adequately addressed without taking into account the experience of women in specific. This article focuses on women as caregivers for aging parents. It critically assesses what some women philosophers are saying about the basis and limits of these caregiving duties.

Ethics and AIDS: A Summary of the Law and a Critical Analysis of the Individual Physician's Ethical Duty to Treat

Persons afflicted with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) or its preceding medical conditions face a potential problem with assured access to basic threshold medical care. Subject to certain limitations, there is no guarantee that a physician will fulfill the health care needs of any population of patients. Individuals with AIDS, thus, have a considerable interest in the development of a duty on behalf of physicians to provide treatment. This Note first highlights the limits of the legal duty to treat. It then examines the theoretical impetus propelling an ethical duty to treat. The Note concludes that the grounds for imposing an ethical duty on physicians are too weak to support that result, but the creation of an AIDS-specific legal duty is a viable alternative.

The philosophy of medicine in Europe: challenges for the future.

Two challenges face European philosophy of medicine. The first is to counterbalance what is seen as an overemphasis on social analysis of medicine with greater attention to its personal and individual dimensions. The second, related challenge, is to more fully understand the clinical realities of modern medicine, which in turn, give rise to the scope and limits of physician duties, patient obligations, and social concerns.

Liability Insurers and Third-Party Claimants: The Limits of Duty

Liability Insurers and Third-Party Claimants: The Limits of Duty

CARTWRIGHT v. G.K.N. SANKEY LTD.

May 5, 1972 Factory — Statutory duty — Breach — Fume — Prolonged inhalation of low concentration — Chronic lung illness — Employer's actual or constructive knowledge of health hazard — Whether to be determined up to time when action brought — Limits of statutory duty — Whether need to act on expert speculation unaccompanied by hazard warning — Factories Act, 1961 (9 & 10 Eliz. II, c.34), ss. 4(1), 63(1).

Effects of High Intensity Impulse Noise and Rapid Changes in Pressure Upon Stapedectomized Monkeys

To determine the effects of impulse noise and rapid changes in pressure upon stapedectomized patients, 40 monkeys were subjected to the stape-dectomy procedure and later exposed to gunfire or rapid changes in pressure in an altitude chamber. Two different prostheses were used, half the monkeys receiving the polyethylene strut and vein graft, the other half getting a stainless steel piston prosthesis. Immediate post-exposure examination of the monkeys was made by reflecting the drums. No experimental disarticulation of the prostheses was observed, nor were there any behavioral manifestations of vestibular pathology. No significant differences were observed between the two different prostheses used. On the basis of this experiment, no valid reason for drastic duty limitation of stapedectomized patients can be seen.

Sickness and Stress in Operational Flying

To the medical branch of an air force, the social or environmental conditions of pressing importance are the psychological stresses inevitable in air warfare. Only in war is it possible to observe the effects of such factors as acute hazard and intensive operational effort, with their resultant anxiety and fatigue, on the performance and well-being of such a highly selected population as the air crews of the Royal Air Force. Both the immediate effects of these stresses on efficiency and the long-term results in health were, therefore, the urgent concern of those whose duty it was to minimize these effects by every means open to the medical branch of a combatant force. The central issue was one of limitation of spells of duty?either short term, where the effects of hours of prolonged attention were to be forestalled, or long term, where the limits of an operational tour had to be set at a level high enough to ensure an adequate operational return for the training investment made yet not so long as to endanger health and morale. The problems of peacetime practice in social and industrial medicine are hardly as dramatic,, yet the essential mechanism of the adjustment of men to the less hazardous but frequently harassing conditions of post-war life are identical. This account of some typical studies of sickness in relation to measurable environmental and personal factors is given in the hope oT displaying the potentialities of the methods used in the study of problems of sickness and morale in an industrial population. Research on duty limitation in the R.A.F. during the war had a tripartite approach by clinical, laboratory, and field surveys. The clinical studies have been described by Symonds (1943), the laboratory work by Russell Davis (1948); in the present paper is set out an application of statistical methods to data collected in the course of active operations in the field.

Improving electric railway fault clearing times

THE CIRCUIT BREAKERS designed in 1913 for sectionalizing the 11/22-kv 3-wire trolley and feeder circuits on the New Haven Railroad electrification had become inadequate by 1936 because of limited interrupting capacity to clear line faults fast enough to insure system stability and reliability. Although these never were designed to handle the entire fault interruption duty, space and weight limitations in the switching stations and supporting structures ruled out their replacement with modern circuit breakers of conventional design for faster fault clearing by line circuit breakers directly. The oil circuit breakers are known as “bridge-type” circuit breakers because of their location on the anchor bridges spanning the railroad tracks and catenary contact system. Figure 1, of a typical switching station, clearly indicates the space and weight limitations involved because of the location of the circuit breakers on the anchor bridges.

Circuit Breaker Modernization and Faster Fault Clearing on Single-Phase Electrified Railroad

The circuit breakers designed in 1913 for sectionalizing the 11/22 kv 3-wire trolley and feeder circuits on the New Haven Railroad electrification had become inadequate by 1936 because of limited interrupting capacity to clear line faults fast enough to insure system stability and reliability. Although these were never designed to handle the entire fault interrupting duty, space and weight limitations in the switching stations and supporting structures ruled out their replacement with modern circuit breakers of conventional design adequate for faster fault clearing. The application of modern interrupters to the original circuit breakers, together with the redesign of tanks, operating mechanism and supporting frames (with spring supports), produced a circuit breaker of approximately the same over-all dimensions and weight which by high-power laboratory tests proved to be adequate to interrupt the entire fault current (instantaneous rms symmetrical) as determined by a-c network calculator studies of the system. These studies were also the basis of application of instantaneous overcurrent relays for fault clearing by the line circuit breakers, of which there are over 500, making this system one of the largest installations with this type of relay protection. An analysis of the network calculator studies, the tests of the redesigned circuit breaker, and the operating results with their application are here reported.

Etat Russe v. Cie. Ropit.

Recognition of Acts of Foreign States and Governments — Effect of Legislation on Property situated outside Jurisdiction — Limits of Duty of One State to Respect and Recognise the Laws of Another State — Foreign Confiscatory Law contrary to Fundamental Principles of French Law.

The Proper Limits of Professional Responsibility and Duty

The Proper Limits of Professional Responsibility and Duty