Professional Duties Research Articles

Разработка математической модели оптимизации и применение методов динамического программирования в задаче управления учебной группой процесса обучения курсантов силовых структур в высших учебных заведениях

This article discusses the problem of developing a mathematical model and applying dynamic programming methods to improve the effectiveness of the training process for students in the interests of law enforcement agencies of the Russian Federation in subordinate higher educational institutions, which, within the framework of this article, are considered as a complex organizational system. Currently, due to the existential challenges presented to our country, it is necessary to solve more multifaceted professional tasks by employees of law enforcement agencies in their practical activities. All this requires advanced professional training for solving professional tasks by law enforcement officers who study at higher educational institutions. The training of law enforcement officers in higher education institutions, like any complex organizational system, depends on the objective and subjective parameters that affect the functioning of this system. To this end, in order to increase the effectiveness of managerial decision-making in the process of training cadets of law enforcement agencies, heads of higher educational institutions responsible for improving the quality of the educational process should introduce information systems into the activity that operate on the basis of a mathematical apparatus describing the model of preparing students to perform professional duties. The development of mathematical models involves the use of the apparatus of the theory of operations research, as well as the theory of Markov random processes, in particular, the description of functioning based on processes with discrete states and continuous time and using game theory in order to achieve the necessary practical results is considered.

Moral foundations of the municipal employees work

The article considers the current state of municipal service as a special type of professional activity with a specific ethical complex. The increased interest in the development of local self-government in Russia is determined by a new stage in the reform of municipal service as a social-legal institution and one of the most important types of professional activity in the contemporary society. The efficiency of local self-government directly depends on the level of the local population involvement, on the one hand, and on the municipal employees’ moral awareness of their activities, on the other. Professional ethics, due to its applied nature, performs an important task - specifies the general ethical principles of practical activity in relation to a particular profession. Ethical complex of municipal service as a regulator of the officials’ work ensures the efficiency of management activities, contributing to its increase. High requirements of professional ethics are mandatory for all employees; their fulfillment is the main condition for professionalism. In the contemporary society, professionalism, together with the corresponding knowledge, skills and abilities, forms the value-normative, ethical priorities of the individual, allowing to choose optimal formats for fulfilling one’s professional duties. Based on the analysis of legislative documents and the code of ethics, the article examines the criteria of professionalism and competence of the municipal employee, which are to increase the efficiency of their professional activities. Knowledge and compliance with the provisions of the Code is one of the criteria for assessing the quality of professional activity and official behavior. Professional culture is closely related to professional ethics; therefore, the development of professional culture helps to become a professional. The development of professional culture of municipal employees is ensured, on the one hand, by the legislative requirements; on the other hand, by the subjective perception of certain knowledge, abilities, values and norms of the code of ethics.

The combination of moral and law norms in regulation of medical activity

The article considers proposals developed according results of the study and targeted on improving social regulation of medical activities on basis of complex institutional approach. The complexity of approach lies in the fact that in regulation of public relations in health care opposition between norms of law and norms of morality is not allowed because in medicine they inter-condition and inter-complement each other. The institutional aspect of approach is reflected in tight interaction of moral and legal foundations, as well as in mechanisms of implementation of social standardization of specific sphere of medical activity. The formalized model of integrated institutional approach is presented. The importance of bioethics, in which principle of inter-complementarity of morality and law is realized to its maximum extent is emphasized. The significance of structural principles of bioethics that characterize totality of stable relationships of subjects of medical intervention is highlighted. The emphasis is made on interrelation between principles of bioethics and medical ethics, on norms of medical ethics, that largely determine content of professional duty of physician. The norms of medical ethics are grouped into three systems: "doctor-patient", "doctor-colleague" and "doctor-society" that are contained in international ethical documents and "The Code of Professional Ethics for Physicians" of the Russian Federation. The importance of internal and external mechanisms of implementation of complex social regulation of medical activity is marked.

AXIOLOGICAL APPROACH TO THE MORAL TRADITIONS DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR MINISTRY

We consider moral traditions from the point of view of an axiological approach, since it is this approach that unites the idea of values in our consciousness and society. Human values are the basis of an employee’s inner world and behavior, the result of his professional activity. To date, global changes are taking place in the Russian Federation in the sphere of politics, economy, and society, which accordingly aff ects the education of the personnel of the internal aff airs bodies, their worldview, and value orientations. Now more than ever, such qualities as cour-age, courage, courage, fortitude, tolerance, compassion, selfl essness, professional duty and honor, loyalty, mutual assistance, etc. are important and necessary. At the moment, it is important to form and multiply moral traditions in the internal aff airs bodies of Russia. Assessing the signifi cance and relevance of this problem in the article, we con-sider the historical aspect of values, the signs and principles of moral values, their features, the stages of mastering values, the methodological basis of the axiological approach, the fundamental moral values: citizenship, statehood, patriotism. The application of the axiological approach is a necessary component in the educational process of em-ployees of the internal aff airs bodies of Russia. This approach helps to consider moral values in professional activity.

СОЦИАЛЕН СТАТУТ НА УЧИТЕЛИТЕ ОТ РАЗГРАДСКАТА КАЗА ПРЕЗ ХІХ ВЕК

The teachers in Razgrad area had a special place in the Renaissance society. The agreements of the teachers residing in Razgrad from the 1860s and 1870s were actually their employment contracts. Through them, the material and household problems and the professional duties of the teachers were settled. The documents show the desire of the residents of Razgrad to create the best possible conditions for teachers to work with adolescents. Many teachers, outside of their official duties, were engaged in active social activities. In addition, there were informal agreements with teachers regarding their professional rights and obligations. The social status of the teachers is indicative of their authority in the Bulgarian Renaissance society.

The Changing Nature of Media Work and the Institutions That Support It

The expanding nature of media work and the institutional and organizational frameworks that foster new media activity are the topics of this topical issue. The media sector has seen substantial economic, structural, and technical changes throughout the last several decades, including shifting ownership patterns and digitizing media creation, distribution, and consumption. At the same time, methods used in the media industry are being used in other fields. The ten articles in this issue examine the practices of media work in organizations across sectors, including the music business and the public sector, as well as the new professional roles and duties developing in the news media industry.

Epidemics and the healthcare professional's duty to care: Students' attitudes about work requirements before and during Covid-19 (2017-2021).

The Covid-19 pandemic has added a new chapter to discussions about the professional duty to care. To understand how Covid-19 may have changed medical students' ethical attitudes towards this duty, we analysed policies written before and during the pandemic by first-year students completing a yearly educational exercise focused on work requirement expectations for healthcare professionals during a hypothetical epidemic. Within a repeated cross-sectional design, consensus coding was performed on policies written over 5 years (2017-2021) using a codebook based on eight questions from the educational exercise for summative content analysis. Frequencies provided summative results and comparisons across years used Fisher's exact test. We analysed 142 written policies from 2017 to 2021 representing 884 first-year students working in small groups. Students' commitment to the duty to care remained stable during the Covid-19 pandemic, but during the pandemic, students were more likely to support exceptions to the duty to care (e.g. for healthcare professionals with medical conditions or concern for household members' health) and more likely to expect institutions to provide safe working conditions. Ethical values supporting students' policies were largely consistent before and during the pandemic, the most common being beneficence, justice, duty to care, non-maleficence and utility. Our results suggest that students' support for the duty to care remained strong during the Covid-19 pandemic. We also found that students supported exceptions to this duty to reflect the needs of healthcare professionals and their families and that they expected institutions to provide safe working conditions. These findings can help inform ethics education and future pandemic preparedness.

Reconciling duty: a theory and typology of professionalism

BackgroundProfessionalism is expected of health professionals and advocated by professional regulators in the United Kingdom (UK). Concepts of professionalism have evolved in sociological discourse and its meaning for dentistry is unclear. It is, none-the-less, considered a core domain of dental education and professional practice by the United Kingdom regulator, the General Dental Council. This paper reports the sense-making process, or social process, of professionalism in practice within England.AimTo explore the research question ‘What does dental professionalism mean in practice?MethodsTaking a constructivist grounded theory approach, involving purposive and theoretical sampling, 24 dental professionals were recruited to participate in this qualitative study. In-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted by one interviewer (AT). Interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analysed leading to the development of a theory grounded in the data.ResultsA focus on the social-professional constructs used by participants to make sense of their experiences, resulted in a grounded theory where Reconciling Duty emerged as the core category. This represents a process of meeting professional duties to different parties that are often mutually exclusive. It is comprised of three supporting categories: Applying order to the system, where individuals attempt to identify what constitutes professional attitudes and behaviours, Rationalising what is fair, where individuals make judgements on how the conflict between duties should be resolved, and finally Responding to the System, where individuals attempt to actualise these desired resolutions in the context of the complex social system in which they practice. Three dentist archetypes (typologies) emerged, which involved a personal (Type 1), patient (Type 2), or a societal (Type 3) compromise.ConclusionProfessionalism can be conceptualised as process of reconciling multiple, competing, legitimate duties to different parties, in seeking a fair solution. Once this has been identified, individuals need to work within the complex system of dentistry to make their identified outcome a reality. The findings suggest that using the theory of Reconciling Duty helps us to engage with the meaning that the participants drew from the term ‘professionalism’, and anchors it in the lived, everyday professional experiences and challenges faced. A novel typology is proposed, commensurate with calls for a systems approach to the topic.

Factors Affecting the Qualification Rate of Hand Disinfection Among Physicians: A Cross-Sectional Survey.

The objective of this study is to examine the qualification rate of hand disinfection in the surgical department wards and analyze the influencing factors. A surprise assessment was carried out to evaluate the daily adherence to hand hygiene protocols in the surgical department wards. We aimed to investigate the factors that impact the qualification rate of hand disinfection. In this study, the qualification rate of hand disinfection was determined to be 64.38%. Notably, this rate exhibited significant variations based on gender, age, surgical site, and department category. Specifically, the qualification rate of hand disinfection among female participants stood at 82.35%, surpassing the qualification rate observed among male counterparts of 52.83%. Furthermore, doctors in the age group of 41-50 years demonstrated the highest qualification rate, and the abdominal surgical site exhibited the most noteworthy qualification rate, reaching 79.49%. The outcomes of the multiple logistic regression analysis highlighted the significance of age and gender as influential factors impacting the qualification rate. Specifically, doctors aged 51 years or older exhibited the lowest hand hygiene compliance, whereas female doctors demonstrated a notably higher qualification rate compared to their male counterparts. The disheartening qualification rate of hand disinfection highlights a concerning lack of awareness regarding hand hygiene among surgeons in their professional duties. Consequently, targeted interventions are imperative, focusing on intensified training, educational initiatives, enhanced supervision, and internal performance evaluations for key groups. The findings not only serve as a valuable database but also offer a viable roadmap for similar hospitals to reinforce the management of nosocomial infections.

Формирование профессиональной мотивации курсантов современного военного института

The dual content of the process of professional motivation is clarified: as a system of factor mechanisms that determine the professional behavior of subjects; as a characteristic of a labor person, his orientation / non-orientation towards obtaining a specialty and implementing professional activities, professional needs of a person, his internal and external driving factors. The professional motivation of a cadet manifests itself not only as a set of motivating actions that determine the approval of the motives for choosing a military profession, but also the need for long-term performance of professional duties of a serviceman. It is proved that the process of complex motivation of cadets of the military institute is carried out at three levels: weighing — based on the analysis of the surrounding situation, determining the preferences of behavior strategies; social planning — task specification, primary formation of professional motives; transformation of professional labor action — renewal of professional activity practices. Within the framework of training at the military institute, the design of professional motivation is a single, multi-system component that reflects the unity of projects: 1) educational and cognitive development; 2) professional stimulation; 3) service and labor motivation. The types of formation of professional motivation of cadets are specified: 1) a normal stable process from the first to the fifth year (characterized by the consistent formation of abilities and motives for professional activity); 2) deviant process (episodic manifestations of destructive processes mainly in the initial courses, characterized by maladaptation professional practices). The factors of inhibition of the processes of formation of professional motivation of cadets of a modern military institute are revealed: insufficient material allowance of cadets; inconsistency of vocational guidance work in the system of pre-university and university education; reduction of guarantees of social protection and service and labor stability of military professional activity of students in military institutes; disunity of various components of professional motivation of cadets (personal-thinking, as well as practical-effective).

FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI STRESS KERJA PADA PERAWAT AKIBAT BEBAN KERJA YANG TINGGI : LITERATUR REVIEW

The level of work stress in the work environment can increase the risk of mental and physical health disorders in individuals, which can affect performance and overall well-being. The aim of carrying out this scientific study is to determine the factors that influence work stress in nurses due to high workload. The method used in the literature review was to analyze eight journals as references by applying PICO. The results show that from the eight scientific research studies, it was found that there was a correlation between high workload and stressful events experienced by nurses, where the higher the workload, the higher the level of stress experienced by nurses. Nurses have complexities in their work, from caring to communicating with patients and their families, so attention is needed from the hospital or employer to balance the workload and welfare of nurses in carrying out their professional duties.

Эмоциональная устойчивость и ее ресурсы у работающей молодежи

The article touches upon the issue of empirical study of the emotional sphere characteristics of working youth and such resource factors as resilience, job satisfaction and interpersonal relations. The sample consisted of 163 people aged 18 to 27 years old. The results obtained showed that the majority of respondents (service workers) formally fulfill their professional duties without personal inclusion and empathy. A high level of gen-eral resilience is characteristic of those who are less susceptible to emotional burnout. With increasing length of service the level of emotional burnout increases, at the same time, an increase in enthusiasm for work is able to reduce this level. Comparative analysis based on gender: girls have higher indicators on the scales “general level of emotional burnout” and “emotional exhaustion” than boys. Emotional indices of girls are more typical than in the group of boys. Working girls, unlike working boys, are characterized as easily excitable, they experi-ence all events that occur with them more intensively and for a longer period of time. Working girls more often than boys are exposed to manifestations of emotional instability. Correlations between the emotionality pa-rameters and indices of interpersonal relations have been revealed. As such, the characteristics of emotionality are higher in respondents who need emotional contact with others.

Infection prevention and control in CT Part 1: An Australian study of roles, responsibilities and practices

IntroductionThe computed tomography (CT) suite presents Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) risks for staff and patients. This is the first of a two-part series on IPC in the CT setting and reports on Australian baseline data related to intravenous contrast media administration and the use of power injectors in the CT suite, including knowledge sources related to the delivery of contrast media. The second part provides insights into CT staff's perceptions of high-risk scenarios for non-adherence to standard or transmission-based precautions. MethodsThe study employed an online survey design, directed at radiographers and radiology nurses working in Australia. The survey included questions relating to CT workplace staffing and equipment, contrast media use and occupational roles, and knowledge sources used for infection control and contrast injectors. ResultsOverall, 160 study participants completed the survey (radiographers: n = 138, 86.3%; nurses: n = 22, 13.7%). Differences were identified between public and private practice. Public hospitals completed more contrast-enhanced scans, and with dual injecting systems, operated and cleaned by radiographers and nurses. Private clinics generally used single-system, power injectors. Radiographers and nurses relied heavily on their colleagues and product guidelines for IPC information. IPC teams were uncommon in private clinics, very common in public departments and 50% of respondents had undertaken IPC training in the last 12 months. ConclusionInsights into use and duties of professionals delivering intravenous contrast media administration using power injectors in the CT suite will help to inform decision-making processes on IPC education strategies and map risk. Implication for practiceFuture research should focus on how radiology workers in CT perceive IPC risk and/or might vary from best practice, which has direct clinical implications for safety if contamination, or incorrect information is routinely applied.

Behaviour and associated determinants of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and advocacy: a nationwide survey of pharmacy professionals in Qatar

BackgroundVaccine hesitancy poses a global challenge and is acknowledged to be a complex, multifactorial phenomenon. Of particular concern is hesitancy among health professionals, as this may also impact their advocacy roles. There is a lack of theory-based investigations of pharmacy professionals.AimThe study aims to determine the behaviour and associated determinants influencing pharmacy professionals’ attitude towards vaccine acceptance and advocacy.MethodsA cross-sectional survey of 2400 pharmacists and pharmacy technicians at government, semi-government, and private community pharmacies in Qatar. Questionnaire items captured perspectives on COVID vaccine acceptance, advocacy and associated determinants based on the domains and constructs of the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF). Data were analysed by descriptive and inferential statistics, with TDF items subjected to principal components analysis (PCA).FindingsThe response rate was 38.6% (927/2400). Almost all (n = 825, 89.0%) were willing to receive the vaccine, which was higher for males (p < 0.001) and those in polyclinics (p < 0.05). PCA of acceptance items gave five components, with response to ‘emotions’ being most negative, associated with acceptance (p < 0.001) and more negative in females (p < 0.001). The majority (n = 799, 86.2%) agreed that it was their professional duty to advocate vaccines. PCA for advocacy items gave two components, with the most negative responses for ‘professional role and identity’, which were more negative for those working in hospitals (p < 0.05).ConclusionRespondents were least positive regarding emotion-related behavioral determinants for acceptance and professional role and identity for advocacy. Behavior change technique interventions that target these issues have the potential to influence the vaccine hesitancy of pharmacy professionals and other individuals.

Bentuk Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Wartawan Atas Tindak Kekerasan Fisik dan Non Fisik Dalam Menjalankan Tugas Profesi

The purpose of this study is to find out what are the forms of physical and non-physical violence against journalists in carrying out professional duties and also to find out the forms of legal protection for journalists against physical and non-physical acts of violence in carrying out professional duties such as preventive protection and efforts to overcome problems about physical violence experienced by journalists in carrying out their duties. The type used in this study is normative legal research (normative legal reaserch), and uses several approaches, namely the statutory approach (statute approach), conceptual approach (conceptual approach) and. The results of this study show the forms of violence that are often experienced by journalists Where the violence is classified as physical and non-physical violence and there are also several forms of protection of journalists in carrying out their professional duties.

Pharmacy professionals’ perceptions of their professional duties in the Ethiopian health care system: a mixed methods study

BackgroundPharmacy professionals are experts in therapeutic knowledge, experience, and skills that are used to ensure desired patient outcomes, utilizing the best available clinical evidence and interventions in collaboration with the health care team. They perceive themselves as a provider of technical, standardized, and individualized advice. The objective of this study was thus to assess the perception of pharmacy professionals towards their current professional roles in the health care system in Dessie, a city in the north-east Ethiopian region.MethodsA mixed-methods sequential explanatory study was used to assess the perception of pharmacy professionals towards their professional roles in Dessie city administration from December 15–30, 2019. The study participants were all pharmacy professionals working at health facilities in Dessie. Self-administered questionnaires were used to collect quantitative data, and face-to-face key informant interviews were used for qualitative data collection. Data were entered, processed, and analyzed using SPSS 25.0 statistical software, and thematic analysis was used for the qualitative exploration using QDA Miner Lite software (v2.0.7, free edition version).ResultThe study had a 97.7% response rate. Of the 301 participants, 173 (57.5%) were male. Most of the participants had a positive perception, while 38 (12.6%) had a poor perception of their current professional roles. Lack of physical access, poor initiatives, poor communication skills, and a lack of administrative support for pharmaceutical care were statistically significant at a p value of 0.05 and a 95% confidence interval. From the qualitative data, two major themes emerged: perceived roles and determinants (perceived facilitators and barriers).ConclusionPharmacy professionals’ roles were found to be influenced by a lack of physical access, poor initiatives, poor communication skills, and poor administrator support. Pharmaceutical care requires everyone’s involvement in addressing these factors for successful performance and a better outcome and in considering perceived facilitators and barriers.

Teaching the Python programming language in higher education institutions

In the modern digital society, the range of professions whose activities are related to the tasks of processing a large amount of data is expanding. For a quick, efficient, and high-quality solution of such tasks, appropriate software tools developed by professional programmers are required. The Python programming language allows fast, simple and economic development of new software tools within the framework of professional duties by employees who do not have deep knowledge in the field of programming but are well aware of the subject specifics of tasks. For this reason, the introduction of Python into the educational process in universities taking into account the peculiarities of educational directions can be a good tool for increasing the level of readiness of graduates for professional activity.This article discusses the problem of integrating the Python programming language into the informatics course at universities. It is proposed to determine the content of educational materials depending on the specifics of the field of study. It is recommended to organize the process of learning the Python programming language based on the classification of modules. The research uses methods of analysis and synthesis of existing sources on the Python language, training programs in various educational directions, standard programs for teaching informatics and information technology. An approximate list of topics and educational literature on the Python language is proposed, taking into account the specifics of educational directions of bachelor’s degree programs.University graduates with Python language skills within the limits recommended in this article, in addition to professional skills, will also have programming competencies and will be able to implement programming skills within their professional duties.

Key features of the differentiation of the legal regulation of the labor of transport workers

It is indicated that one of the key rights of every individual in a democratic and independent state is the right to work, which, according to the Constitution of Ukraine, includes the opportunity to earn a living by work that a person freely chooses or freely agrees to. It is emphasized that the labor activity of a person should be stimulated in a certain way, not only in the form of separate material payments, but also by providing guarantees, benefits, advantages and privileges for certain categories of workers in accordance with their professional duties.&#x0D; The article provides the author's understanding of the concept of «differentiation of legal labor regulation» and based on it, the main features of the differentiation of legal labor regulation of transport workers are highlighted and considered. It is emphasized that there is no normative-legal consolidation of the concept of «differentiation of labor», which makes it difficult to understand the specified concept, as well as to define the criteria that are used to characterize the specified concept. Particular attention was paid to such features as determining the purpose of applying the differentiation of legal regulation of labor relations of employees; the internal structure of differentiation; implementation methods; forms of expression and methods of fixation.&#x0D; The author comes to the conclusion that the differentiation of the work of transport workers is characterized by a number of essential features that deepen the understanding of this legal phenomenon and its further research. In our opinion, the signs of labor differentiation of workers in the transport sector offered by us better ensure the individualization of legal regulation of their labor relations, and also reveal in more detail the purpose of applying such differentiation. Thus, this conditions not only the effective development of labor law in general, but also, undoubtedly, is the basis for effective and unprecedented guarantee of labor rights of employees of transport enterprises, their employers, trade union associations, etc.

Formirovanie to readiness of future teachers of physical culture to professional activity

Lately in Ukraine there was an anxious and difficult situation with worsening of health of students and student young people. Such state can be explained influence of pandemic and active war of Russia against our country. These realities hurt children and students in teaching, force to evacuation and stay in shelters. Therefore an increase of physical preparedness and state of health of children and young people is one of main tasks of educational process. In such terms an important role is taken professional activity of teacher of physical culture. The purpose of the article: Description of structure of forming of readiness of future teachers of physical culture to professional activity. Result: The issue of the day of modern higher school is marked is providing every student possibility maximally to develop the capabilities and successfully to master a select profession. It is indicated on importance of job of teacher of physical culture, on which the state of health, level of capacity and even professional future of students, depends to a great extent, performances. The basic are exposed requirement to preparedness of future teacher of physical culture, which are based on the aggregate of associate athletic-educate and psychological and pedagogical knowledge’s and abilities. Maintenance, structure and basic stages of professional activity of future specialist, is designated in area of physical cultures and sport. Conclusions: A teacher of physical culture must be well-prepared to execution of the professional duties. His professional-pedagogical activity has a row of elements which co-operate between itself and have affecting humanizing.

Schoolteachers in Out-of-School Hours Education: Blurring Professional Ideology in Recent Times

Teachers’ professional ideology and their involvement in out-of-school hours (OoSH) practices have been questioned in recent times. This study explores how schoolteachers understand their professional ideology in relation to their OoSH practices and how they explain their participation in private tutoring in addition to formal schooling. This study deploys a qualitative approach using in-depth semi-structured interviews with nine secondary school teachers in Bangladesh. The thematic analysis highlights a substantial gap between Bangladeshi school teachers’ professional ideologies and their involvement in private tutoring. The findings from the study reveal that the respondents perceive their dual roles as schoolteachers and tutors as controversial and detrimental to discharging their professional duties in an ideological way. They recurrently struggle to justify the dual roles that contribute to the dilemma of professional ideologies. As such, private tutoring does not just create a problem in classroom teaching but affects professional ideology and commitment to teaching principles. The study recommends policymakers and professionals look into these issues to gain a deeper insight into the existing private tutoring literature concerning teachers’ professional ideologies.