Parental Duties Research Articles

On the ratio of interests of parents and other persons living with them, in the exercise of parental rights

Relevance. The subjects of the modern family in practice are increasingly recognised not only by parents and children, but also by other persons living both together and separately from the parents (one of them), thereby raising the problems of their participation in upbringing a child. So we can distinguish several significant legal gaps of this topic as: the absence of appropriate terminology; the absence of due procedure for applying legal family liability measures for improper education of a child; the lack of legal grounds for the termination of parental relations between the relevant parent and the child, as well as between the parents, when one of the spouses undergoes sex reassignment. The study of these problems and the ratio of interests of various participants in parental legal relations will help to identify and eliminate potential conflicts, providing the protection of the rights and interests of children.The purpose of the study is to determine the ratio of the interests of parents and other persons living with them in the exercise of parental rights.The objectives of the study: determination of the subject composition of persons involved in parental legal relations; determination of the range of other persons participating in the upbringing of the child and living both with their parents and separately from them; justification of the need for legal consolidation of the status of such persons.Methodology. The article is based on analysis, description, deduction, generalization and formal-legal metds.Results. The conducted study establishes the marriage between the parents of the child, de facto marriage of one of the parents, the use of assisted reproductive techniques and some other factors affect the formation of a special parent’s subject within the parental relationship.Conclusion. Other persons, living together with the child and one of his parents, often actually exercise parental rights without holding any parental duties and can’t be held liable for inadequate exercise of parental rights.

PSI를 활용한 학교급별 교사 소진 관련 변수 비교

The purpose of this study was to explore large-scale educational data with penalized regression, and to investigate significant predictors to teacher burnout by school level. Compared to previous studies, this study has the advantage of encompassing and analyzing teacher-related variables at the individual, organizational, and societal levels across elementary, middle, and high schools. Specifically, the Seoul Teachers Longitudinal Study (2020) 1st wave data was analyzed via Post-Selection Inference (PSI). After 100 iterations of PSI modeling, significant predictors were compared across school levels. As a result, predictors including teaching experience and teacher’s fixed mindset on students’ intelligence development potential were commonly selected across all school levels. Meanwhile, predictors of parental counseling duties and the economic level of the school location were selected only in elementary schools and middle schools, respectively. Policy recommendations to effectively address teacher burnout were discussed based on the findings.

‘What they owe to their children’: Edmund Burke on parental love and liberty

ABSTRACT This is the first article to investigate the role of parental affection in Edmund Burke’s political thought. It challenges the widely held view that Burke defended patriarchal authority in reaction to egalitarian ideas of the family advanced by the French Revolution. Burke, himself a devoted father, believed that civil liberty depended upon parental rights and responsibilities. Long before the revolution began, he warned against a contemporary fascination with Spartan ideas of parental indifference in the Annual Register – ideas that the National Assembly in France appeared, in his view, to be implementing in their reforms to family law. From Burke’s perspective, the revolutionaries in France were interfering in the relationships between parents and their children in order to make way for an all-encompassing devotion to the state. Burke warned that by undermining parental love and duty, the revolutionaries in France were not only instituting a new tyrannical regime but also destroying the very foundation of humanity.

Systematic review of ethical/methodological issues in transgender youth participative research

Abstract Background Understanding the experiences of transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) youth is essential for developing appropriate support services. However, studies focusing on TGD youth under 18 outside clinical settings are scarce, limiting effective support development. The requirement for parental consent in participatory research poses ethical and logistical challenges, impacting the safety, well-being, and privacy of adolescent participants. This dynamic complicates the balance between adolescents’ rights to autonomy and privacy and parental duties to protect their children. This review aims to illuminate the ethical and methodological challenges in participatory research with TGD youth. Methods A systematic review of bibliometric databases from 2006 to 2022 was conducted, focusing on transgender and gender non-conforming identities, adolescence, qualitative and participatory research methods, and consent issues. This review was registered with PROSPERO in November 2022 (CRD42022368360). Results Of 3,794 articles initially identified, 291 met the inclusion criteria, and 48 were extensively reviewed. Research with TGD youth commonly faces ethical tensions including parental inclusion in the consent process, safeguarding participant safety and privacy, ensuring confidentiality, and creating environments that allow TGD youth to express themselves and feel empowered. Methodological challenges include engaging public and stakeholders, recruiting participants, data collection, and maintaining research integrity. Conclusion & Implications The literature on participatory research with young transgender and gender-diverse individuals reveals intricate and often conflicting issues related to consent procedures, power dynamics, and the researcher’s role. These findings are applicable in various legal and geographical contexts, providing insights that can guide practices globally. Key messages • Research reveals ethical dilemmas in participatory research with transgender young people, highlighting difficulties around consent and the need for tailored support. • Understanding the complexities of research ethics enables better support for transgender and gender-diverse young people during research.

Features of performing parental duties under French family law

In the paper the author conducted a scientific study of the peculiarities of the performance of parental duties under the family law of the French Republic. It is noted that the French Civil Code uses the concepts of "parental authority" and "parental authority" to define the set of personal non-property and property rights of parents in the legal relationship between parents and children. French family law defines parental authority as a set of rights and obligations aimed at ensuring the best interests of the child. Parental authority belongs to the parents until the child reaches the age of majority or emancipation, for the purpose of protecting the child, ensuring the protection of his safety, health, protection of private life and his morality, ensuring his education and development, provided that the child is involved in making decisions related to exercise of parental authority, in accordance with the degree of maturity and age of the child; it cannot be carried out with the use of physical or psychological violence against the child. The main requirements for the exercise of parental authority (parental authority) by French family law are the proportionality of its exercise by each parent in accordance with the capabilities of each parent and the needs of the child); their joint implementation by both parents, unless otherwise established by a court decision in family matters; the emergence of parental rights and obligations on the basis of marriage and the birth of a child in it or within a year after the dissolution of the marriage, on the basis of a joint statement or a court decision in family matters; their termination in case of recognition of the father or mother as incapable, deprivation of parental rights or death; changing the conditions of their implementation by one of the parents is subject to prior and timely informing of the other parent and agreement with him. French family law defines the possibility of transferring (delegating) parental authority to a third party, a family member or trusted relative, a childcare facility or a departmental service for children at the request of the parents, a person, an institution or a service where the child is (while transferring (delegating) is not subject to the right of parents to consent to the adoption of a minor child). According to the French Civil Code, such management is carried out jointly by both parents, and in the case that parental authority is exercised by one of the parents - by the parent who exercises it.

Private international law and parental responsibility: the experience of applying parental responsibility measures to Ukrainians in EU countries

The article examines the relationship between parental responsibility as a measure of protection of children's rights and Private International Law on the example of the application of parental responsibility measures to Ukrainians in EU countries. The purpose of the article is to provide a legal analysis of the problem of removal of children from Ukrainian families by social services in the EU countries as a measure of parental responsibility. In the example of the analysis of the national legislation of Spain, Poland, Sweden, Germany and Finland, the differences in the legal regulation of parental responsibility are considered. The most pressing issues that arise when initiating a case on parental responsibility of persons enjoying temporary protection in the EU countries have been identified. The methodological basis of the research is: dialectical method, comparative legal method, method of legal analysis. It has been established that in most cases the removal of children from families as a measure of parental responsibility was applied based on improper performance of parental duties, but there are cases when such measures were of a preventive nature. The need to improve the legal regulation of parental responsibility in the legislation of Ukraine has been identified.

Participation of guardianship authorities in determining the child’s place of residence

The article analyzes the norms of family legislation of Ukraine regarding the determination of the child’s place of residence in case of divorce. The purpose of the research is to study the process of decision-making by guardianship and guardianship bodies, to evaluate the effectiveness of their activities, which will contribute to ensuring the best interests of the child and equal rights of parents. Particular attention is paid to determining the role of guardianship and care authorities in this process. It has been established that their participation is possible in two forms: 1) resolution by the body of guardianship and custody of the dispute on the determination of the child’s place of residence; 2) provision of a written opinion of the body of guardianship and guardianship during the consideration of cases by the court on the determination of the child’s place of It has been proven that the role of guardianship and guardianship authorities in determining the place of residence of a child is significant, as they are involved in the event of a lack of consensus between parents regarding the residence of a minor child. The process of decision-making by guardianship and guardianship bodies is characterized. The main stages in solving the issue of determining the child’s place of residence with the participation of the guardianship and guardianship authorities are highlighted: 1. Appeal to the parents’ guardianship and guardianship authorities. 2. Conducting by guardianship and care authorities a conversation with the parents and drawing up a certificate of examination of the child’s living conditions. 3. Decision-making by guardianship and guardianship bodies is based on the analysis of conditions and consideration of the child’s opinion and is formed in the form of a conclusion. Important evaluation criteria are the parents’ attitude towards the fulfillment of parental duties, the child’s personal attachment to each parent, the child’s health and other circumstances of significant importance. The main principles that guardianship and guardianship authorities should be guided by when determining a child’s place of residence are analyzed, such as ensuring the best interests of the child and equal rights of parents. Special attention is paid to problematic aspects that arise during decision-making by guardianship and guardianship bodies, which include the establishment of the child’s true psycho-emotional state by a psychologist, ensuring the child’s appearance in court or the guardianship body and custody at a permanent pre-war place of residence.

The Correlation Between Parent Communication and Knowledge Regarding Sexual Behavior in Adolescents

Premarital sexual behavior in adolescents tends to increase. This is caused by several factors, one of which is low knowledge about sexual behavior. Knowledge in adolescents is one of the duties of parents. Therefore, communication between parents and adolescents is important. This study aims to determine the relationship between parental communication and knowledge about sexual behavior in adolescents. The research method used is a descriptive correlation with a cross-sectional approach. The population of this study is adolescents aged 12-15 years living at home with their parents. The number of samples was 114 The research instrument used a knowledge questionnaire and FARBCS. The data analysis used was univariate and bivariate analysis with bivariate analysis using the Spearman rank test. The results showed that 51.8% of the 114 respondents had adequate knowledge and 88.6% of respondents had open communication. The results of the correlation test showed a p-value of 0.884. The conclusion from this study is that there is no relationship between parental communication and knowledge about sexual behavior in adolescents. It is hoped that future researchers will examine the factors that influence knowledge about sexual behavior.

Development and Evaluation of a Web-Based Family-Centered Decision Support Tool About Firearm Storage.

Many youth in the USA have access to a loaded and unlocked firearm in their home. Discussions between adult family members have the potential to positively influence firearm storage. Work with firearm-owning parents to develop and obtain preliminary data about the efficacy of a family-centered decision support tool about firearm storage. We adapted the Ottawa Personal Decision Guide for Two to the issue of firearm storage, producing the Family Safety Check-In. Subsequently, we evaluated its acceptability and impact on intentions to make a plan with their partner (or other adult sharing parental duties) about safer firearm storage. Participants were parents/guardians of at least one school-aged child, had firearms in their home, and resided in the USA (n = 402). They completed a web-based pre-test survey, were randomized to the Family Safety Check-In or an American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) informational resource about firearm storage for families, and then completed a post-test survey. The Family Safety Check-In had higher ratings for acceptability (B = 1.24, 95% CI = 0.58-1.90) and appropriateness (B = 1.46, 95% CI = 0.72-2.19) than the AAP resource. Participants in the Family Safety Check-In condition also had greater intentions to make a plan with their partner about storing firearms more safely (OR = 1.90, 95% CI = 1.26-2.87). The Family Safety Check-In is a promising direction for harm reduction that warrants further evaluation.

Analisis Gurindam Dua Belas Sebagai Salah Satu Peninggalan Sastra Islam Oleh Raja Ali Haji

Gurindam Dua Belas is a monumental work by Raja Ali Haji, one of the greatest writers in Riau. Even though Gurindam Dua Belas was written about two centuries ago, the depth of its meaning, the stunning beauty of its voice and content are still relevant and can be enjoyed. Gurindam 12 contains instructions for worship so that readers remain close to Allah SWT, the duties of kings, the nature of society, the duties of parents towards children and vice versa. Children's obligations to parents, and so on. This article describes human (moral) values ​​to preserve the character of a nation in the millennium era.

UPBRINGING OF CHILDREN AND YOUTH ACCORDING TO STEFAN WYSZYŃSKI ON THE BASIS OF PUBLICATIONS IN “ŁAD BOŻY”

ABSTRACT: Purpose: The primary research aim of this study is to analyse nine articles published by Rev. Stefan Wyszyński in the weekly magazine “Ład Boży” (English: “God’s Order”), in the author’s series entitled “Ład w myślach” (English: “Order in thoughts”), immediately after the Second World War, between 1945 and 1946. Methods: The study used the analytical-synthetic method and the method of content analysis of press messages (quantitative system) and structural content analysis (qualitative system). Results: Wyszyński, well-prepared morally and intellectually, already at a young age had a deeply formed worldview on a widely interpreted Christian social doctrine. He perceived many dangers, involving also children and young people, especially in terms of the ideologies of the time. He was acutely concerned with shaping correct educational attitudes in the youngest generation. This is evidenced, among other things, by his numerous journalistic articles. Conclusion: On the pages of the weekly “Ład Boży”, in the author’s series “Ład w myślach”, Wyszyński published forty-six articles. Nine of them he devoted to the upbringing of children and young people. Emphasising, following the code legislator, that among the most important duties of parents is the careful upbringing of their offspring, he draw attention to the need for cooperation in the area of upbringing between the Church, family, nation, state, profession and school. Originality: To date, Wyszyński’s activity as Primate of Poland has been explored primarily academically. The source material of the pre-Primate period still has a high originality value, as it awaits a full critical study. Keywords: Stefan Wyszyński, upbringing, children, youth, Ład Boży, Ład w myślach

Religious Education of the Child as Part of Parental Duties – Comparative Legal Analysis of National Reports Submitted to the Commission on European Family Law

Religious Education of the Child as Part of Parental Duties – Comparative Legal Analysis of National Reports Submitted to the Commission on European Family Law

Peran Keluarga dalam Menanamkan Nilai Kasih Terhadap Remaja Kristen Masa Kini

The rapid development of technology and the possibility of doing things yourself has caused a decline in the value of togetherness and caring for others. This is no exception for teenagers who are in a transition period, being targets who are more vulnerable to experiencing a loss of sympathy and empathy for their environment. Adolescence or often referred to as a period of searching for identity is a time when a person will prioritize his own interests (ego) without caring about other people. Of course, this is the main duty and obligation of parents to instill the value of love in teenagers through these times. The Bible writes about the primacy of love in human life (cf. John 12:10; Matt. 22:39; John 13:34-35). Living in love is able to control someone to walk without having to get rid of others, to rise without having to put others down, but rather walking together and caring for each other in every season of life.

Problems of protecting children’s rights who are citizens of Ukraine enjoying temporary protection in EU countries

The full-scale war in Ukraine caused a mass migration of its population and led to the increase in private relations complicated by a foreign element, which are the subject matter of private international law. The Council Directive 2001/55/EC of 20 July 2001 on minimum standards for giving temporary protection in the event of a mass influx of displaced persons and on measures promoting a balance of efforts between Member States in receiving such persons and bearing the consequences thereof provided the opportunity for citizens of Ukraine to receive the status of temporary protection on the territory of the EU countries. Cases of children being taken away from their accompanying persons or from their families have become a new challenge for Ukrainian children and their parents, who moved from Ukraine to the territory of the EU and who are under the temporary protection status. Those cases occur due to differences in legislation in matters of guardianship and parental responsibility. The author of the article has studied and systematized cases, when social services of the host country are authorized to act urgently in the interests of a child and take a child away from the family. The article provides general characteristics of circumstances that are reasons for taking a decision on the application of emergency measures by social services of EU countries to children who are citizens of Ukraine enjoying temporary protection in EU countries. It is established that the removal of children from their parents, guardians or authorized persons to accompany the child occurs under different circumstances and each situation is individual, but having systematized the cases, the author has identified the following reasons: staying in the EU unaccompanied by adults and on the grounds of “parental negligence” or “improper performance of parental duties”. The author analyses the legal status of an unaccompanied child under the national legislation of Ukraine and foreign national legislation of some EU countries. The legal status of unaccompanied children under the Directive 2001/55/EC and the Convention on the Rights of the Child of 1989 is investigated. It is substantiated that the practice of recognizing Ukrainian children enjoying the temporary protection status as unaccompanied children is based on the following grounds: а) deficiency (inconsistency, non-recognition) of documents authorizing a person who accompanies a child for taking care of a child; в) non-compliance (non-recognition) of documents on the right to guardianship, issued in Ukraine, with the requirements of the host country that granted temporary protection; с) independent stay of a child on the EU territory, who is a citizen of Ukraine and has reached the age of 16, left Ukraine independently and is on the EU territory without parents and accompanying persons.

The evolution of brood parasitism from host egg predation

Abstract Obligate brood parasites pass all their parental duties to foster parents of a host species. While best understood in birds and hymenopteran insects, obligate brood parasitism has evolved independently at least 59 times across many lineages. The ancestors of brood parasites often provided no parental care to their offspring. Instead, a trophic association with their eventual hosts commonly appears to precede the origin of a brood parasitic strategy. Here, we used a game theoretical model to explore the conditions under which brood parasitism can evolve from predation and be maintained in the population. Our model was inspired by the relationship between the cuckoo catfish (Synodontis multipunctatus) parasitizing mouthbrooding cichlid fishes in the African Lake Tanganyika. Our model demonstrates the facilitatory role of host egg predation on the origin and evolutionary maintenance of brood parasitism through the exploitation of the host response to egg predation by brood parasites. We found no conditions under which brood parasitism as a pure strategy is evolutionarily stable, but we describe a range of evolutionarily stable equilibria when predators and parasites coexist. While our model is tailored to the cuckoo catfish, it generally applies to other systems where brood parasitism has evolved from other antagonistic behavior.

Liability for Violation of the Obligation of Care in the Criminal Code of the Republic of Poland

The problem of non-fulfilment or improper fulfillment by parents (persons who replace them) of childcare responsibilities exists in all countries, regardless of the form of government, state system, and income level of the population. Ukraine has been in the process of integration with the European Union for a long time, so it is useful to study the foreign legislative approach to the regulation of responsibility for the violation of these obligations. The purpose of the article is to study the Polish experience of establishing criminal liability for non-fulfilment of child care obligations. In the research dogmatic, systemic-structural, statistical, historical-legal, formal-legal methods were used. Attention is paid to the legislation of the Republic of Poland, which provides for the right and duty of parents to care for and raise children. The genesis of the criminal law regarding responsibility for violation of these duties in the Criminal Code of 1932, 1969, and 1997 is given. Statistical data on the number of criminal proceedings and persons convicted of this criminal offense (2009–2020) are summarized. The peculiarities of the structure of the crime composition provided for in Art. 210 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Poland were studied; objective and subjective signs. The analysis was carried out on the basis of the doctrine of Polish criminal law and the practice of courts of general jurisdiction, in particular the Supreme Court of the Republic of Poland. The practice of the Constitutional Tribunal of the Republic of Poland was used. Based on the results of the research, conclusions were formulated regarding objects of criminal law protection; objective and subjective side and subject composition. The differentiation of criminal liability in case of causing death to the victim was noted. The legislator also provided in cases of this crime the possibility of notifying the competent family court about the expediency of deprivation or limitation of parental or guardian rights in case of committing a crime to the detriment of a minor or in complicity with him. The separation of an independent structural section (subsection) in the Criminal Code of Ukraine, which includes criminal offenses against the family, as well as the improvement of criminal legal measures against persons who have committed such crimes, is supported.

Variation in nuptial color in relation to sex, individual quality and mating success in the sex-role reversed Phalaropus fulicarius (Red Phalarope)

Abstract In most bird species, males are more ornamented and compete for females, who contribute more to offspring care. In a minority of species, this pattern is reversed, with more colorful females competing for mates and males taking care of parental duties. In such sex-role reversed species, the links between colorful ornamentation, individual quality and mating success are not well established. Phalaropus fulicarius (Red Phalarope) is a colorful sex-role reversed migratory shorebird with regular social polyandry, in which both sexes show considerable color variation. Here, we describe sex differences in color and quantify associations between color variation and indicators of quality and mating success in both sexes. Using a large sample of photos collected across 3 consecutive years on the Arctic breeding grounds, we scored color variation for 4 body parts (bill, crown, cheek, and breast), and analyzed scores separately and combined into an overall color score. Females were more colorful and larger than males, and individuals could be unambiguously sexed by crown color. Nevertheless, there was substantial variation within sexes and some overlap between males and females in bill, cheek, breast, and overall color scores. Assortative mating by color was only found for the bill. Color variation did not correlate with plasma testosterone levels, except for male cheek color. Females in better body condition had yellower bills and higher overall color scores, while early-arriving birds had higher breast and overall scores. Phalaropus fulicarius that bred locally were heavier than those that did not, but they did not have higher color scores. Female color variation did not predict the probability of local social polyandry nor variation in clutch size, and male coloration did not predict the probability of nest predation. In conclusion, P. fulicarius color variation showed modest correlations with individual quality and was unrelated to variation in local reproductive success.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression Integrating Malaysian Culture: A Case Illustration.

This clinical case assessed the efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in treating major depressive disorder in a 26-year-old female, Sara, attributing her depression to pregnancy, financial constraints, parental duties, and emotional stress. Sara had eight sessions of CBT, during which her symptoms were measured using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) and the Beck Depression Inventory-Second Edition (BDI-II). Sara's depressive symptoms dramatically decreased after the intervention, moving her HAM-D and BDI-II scores from moderate to mild depression and from clinically depressed to mild, respectively. The assessment showed improved interest, concentration, energy levels, and a more positive self-perception. Integrating Malaysian cultural elements into CBT, emphasizing family support, community engagement, and spirituality positively impacted Sara. This study emphasizes the value of culturally appropriate CBT for depression as it can help with symptom management, challenging negative thoughts, and bolstering self-esteem. This method identifies and addresses cultural impacts on mental health, recommending the incorporation of cultural aspects in therapy, enhancing relapse prevention and quality of life for Malaysians experiencing depression.

Peran Orang Tua dalam Pembentukan Karakter Anak di Era Digital

The aim of this research is to describe the role of parents in forming children's character in the digital era. In this research, researchers used descriptive qualitative methods with the type of library research. The data in this research was collected through document search techniques such as books, articles and so on related to the research theme. Data analysis is carried out in several stages, namely data categorization or condensation, then the data is described, the final stage is drawing conclusions. The research results show that the role of parents in shaping children's character is very large. As a parent, protecting your child and providing positive encouragement is also something you should do. Minimizing the negative impact of digital technology is the task of parents. There are several things you can do to deal with it. Broadly speaking, there are three duties of parents, namely to educate (advice), limit and fortify. Keywords: Forming Children's Character, Digital Era, Role of Parents

Parental duties and foraging strategies of a tropical pelagic seabird (Phaethon aethereus, Aves: Phaethontidae) during the breeding season

Breeding seabirds must balance the energetic demands of feeding themselves and their offspring while coping with the constraints imposed by central-place foraging. As such, foraging strategies and parental care patterns are usually linked. Here, the foraging behavior of the Red-billed Tropicbird (Phaethon aethereus; n = 161) of Peña Blanca Islet, Mexico (19° 06ʹ 11ʺ N, 104° 29ʹ 12ʺ W) during the incubation and chick-rearing (≤ 4 weeks of age) stages was characterized with the aid of GPS loggers. Blood samples from adults and chicks were collected to determine δ15N and δ13C, and parental presence at the nest, meal size, and parent-chick feeding events were recorded. During incubation, parents made long trips offshore to areas far from the colony; however, immediately after their chicks hatched, the parents switched to a bimodal foraging strategy by undertaking both short and long foraging trips. The δ15N values indicated that trophic differences were present between parents and their offspring, with chicks being fed prey enriched in 15N. Parental presence at the nest was greater during early chick-rearing, which was associated with a higher provisioning rate. Parents adopted a strategy in which the parent on nest duty only made short foraging trips to provide for its offspring without leaving it unattended for long periods, while its mate undertook long trips to feed itself. After the early chick-rearing period, the parents gradually reduced the time spent at the nest and increased the time spent foraging, compensating with larger meal sizes for their offspring.Graphical abstract