Dutch Colonial Research Articles

The Existence of Indonesian Peasants in Three Eras: Dutch Colonialism, Japanese Colonialism, and The Independence

This article discusses the existence of peasants during three eras with different powers. During the Dutch and the Japanese colonialism, it can be said that peasant is a profession that must be avoided because it will become an object of exploitation by those in power. During Dutch rule in Indonesia, the policies that exploited peasants were ‘culturstelseel’ (the forced planting system) and the 1870 Agrarian Law. These two policies made peasants even more impoverished, the lands that formerly owned peasants were forcibly taken away to plant commodities that were in demand on the world market and the profits went into their pockets ruler. During the Japanese colonialism, an obligation to produce rice made peasants increasingly tormented because they had to pursue predetermined targets. During The independence, the peasants were embraced by political parties until they were transformed into mass organizations. Although there has been some progress in the national agrarian political agenda, differences in ideology and interests have resulted in conflicts and struggles between peasant mass organizations, and even with civil society.

The Influence of Railroad Transportation during the Dutch Colonial Era (1897-1942) on the Spatial Structure of Cirebon, Indonesia

The Influence of Railroad Transportation during the Dutch Colonial Era (1897-1942) on the Spatial Structure of Cirebon, Indonesia

VISI KEBANGSAAN DALAM PRAKTIK PENDIDIKAN ISLAM MUHAMMADIYAH DI ERA KOLONIAL

This study aims to determine the vision of nationality in the educational practice at Muhammadiyah schools especially in 1912-1923. To answer the research objectives in this article, the authors tracked relevant library sources, both from journal articles, book research results, and other document sources. The results of this study indicate that although Muhammadiyah, which was founded by Ahmad Dahlan, focuses its struggle on the educational aspect, the political aspect of nationalism cannot be completely removed. The national struggle in the form of resistance to the Dutch colonialists carried out by Ahmad Dahlan can be traced in the practice of the school he founded. First, Muhammadiyah schools teach religion other than general science, this is contrary to the religious neutrality of the Dutch government's education style. Second, the purpose of Muhammadiyah education is to produce ulama who have religious and scientific understanding, in contrast to the colonial government's education which was solely to prepare employees. Third, the Muhammadiyah education curriculum is intended to produce future cadres who are able to solve the problems and problems of the community, especially the fate of the people in the colonized country.

Meneropong Morfologi Kota Pekanbaru pada Era Kolonial Belanda (1919-1942)

This study discusses the morphology changes of Pekanbaru City during the two decades of the Dutch colonial era (1919-1942). This study had used historical research methods with a city morphology perspective. The stages had been heuristics, source criticism, interpretation, and historiography. During that time, Pekanbaru had been developed by the Dutch Colonial Government as an administrative center and trading center. In order to develop that function, the Dutch Colonial Government had built a rubber plantation as a trading commodity at the Pekanbaru Port, which was on the banks of the Siak River. They had also built infrastructure, educational, medical, recreation facilities, etc., so that this city had become attractive to urbanites, resulting in an increase in population. Therefore, a new area of the city had been built to the south so that a morphological transformation had occurred in that city. Thus, in 1919-1942, Pekanbaru had become the administrative center and trade center to support the surrounding plantations.

Postcolonial Trace in the Translation of Bumi Manusia

Abstract. Bumi Manusia as a postcolonial novel became a vehicle for Toer to articulate his national identity as Indonesian during the Dutch colonialism. Its translation into This Earth of Mankind posts two questions of whether or not power relations are brought in the translation and how the translator represents Indonesian culture in English. In order to answer the two, postcolonial translation approach was employed. This research is qualitative for it aims at analyzing the text. Seven data were selected based on two indicators representing the most relation between the colonized and colonizer or postcoloniality of the Dutch East Indies and were analyzed employing Baker’s translation strategies. The findings reveal that there are unequal relations between the source language (Indonesian) and the target language (English). In This Earth of Mankind, the translator does not show Indonesian cultural representation. There are great loss of information, omission, biased information, and great loss of impactful meaning of the source language in the target language that create another colonial domain and leave colonial trace in the target language.Keywords: Postcolonial Translation, Bumi Manusia, Postcolonialism, Colonialism, Power Relations

Snouck Hurgronje and the Tradition of Orientalism in Indonesia

This article aims to reveal and analyze the works and thoughts of Snouck Hurgronje's orientalism in Indonesia. Hurgronje was the most influential orientalist in formulating the Dutch Colonialism policy in Indonesia. Unlike most orientalists who only studied Islam through literature studies, Hurgroje also penetrated directly into the Muslim community and mingled with them, he even managed to infiltrate Muslim intellectuals by pretending to convert to Islam. This research is a qualitative study that uses literature to collect data from books, journals, and other documents related to Hurgronje's thoughts. This research found that there is a deep relationship between orientalism and colonialism as seen in Hurgronje's works. Among his most phenomenal orientalist thoughts is his thesis that the Hajj ritual in Islam is a pagan legacy. Hurgronje also made a strategic move in the Aceh War by advising the Dutch East Indies government to separate religion and politics (secularization). According to Hurgronje, if Islam was integrated with politics, it would encourage people's resistance, which was dangerous for the Dutch. In addition, Hurgronje also developed the Receptie theory which aims to dwarf Islamic law and uphold traditional law to clash the two.

Study on The Influence of Colonial Architecture of Vernacular Environment

A traditional house is a symbol that represents a certain environmental area with their culture. However, there is a number of urban configuration in DI Yogyakarta that reflects the influence of Dutch colonization (1816-1941). This is characterized by a collection of contrasts and overlays of different forms of architecture and urbanism. This legacy of colonial architecture and urban planning has ignited different perspectives on the sustainable development of rural areas and the diversification of the rural economy. The purpose of this study was to examine and identify the Limasan house of DI Yogyakarta with a pyramid-shaped roof as its hallmark. Therefore, using a qualitative research method, that of grounded theory, the different influences of colonial architecture for sustainable design development in line with research objectives were investigated. The results showed the identification of factors that influence the well-being of buildings’ residents and the interaction of the external and internal environment of buildings. This current study contributes to shedding light on the meaning and representation of Yogyakarta’s Limasan house design with a scientific approach.

Mikko Toivanen on Nineteenth-Century Transcolonial Tourism


 
 
 In this interview, Mikko Toivanen shares his research on colonial tourism and its relationship with the environment in Ceylon, Java, and the Strait Settlements in the nineteenth century. He discusses how British and Dutch colonialism interacted with the environment during that century.
 
 

Reconstruction of the lost colonial architecture in the context of heritage tourism: Dutch Trading Post in Taiwan

To strengthen brand identity, enrich tourist experiences, and promote heritage education, Taijiang National Park proposed to reconstruct Taiwan’s Dutch Trading Post in a different location from where it was initially erected in the 17th century. This paper is a case study of the reconstruction proposal for a lost colonial architectural complex in the context of heritage tourism. It discusses the practical and academic issues of rebuilding long-lost colonial heritage sites. The author provided a first-hand account of the technical and practical reasoning for reconstructing a bygone complex erected by Dutch settlers. Historical development phases of the Dutch Trading Post of Taiwan were first introduced, and then a reconstruction strategy was proposed to resolve conflicts with legal constraints. Additionally, a site selection process using GIS, a conceptually driven plan for reconstruction, and a 3D simulation were provided. Three specific issues in heritage rebuilding were further discussed, including the decision to reconstruct a heritage building (complex), the authenticity of the reconstructed building if done in a different location from where it was initially situated, and the need to discover more archaeological facts.

Slave labor productivity and wine output: Stellenbosch, 1680–1828

AbstractThis paper examines wine output and slave labor productivity in the Dutch and British Cape Colony, leveraging annual tax censuses. We document a substantial increase in wine production, but, despite substantial institutional changes over more than a century, we find surprisingly stable median wine yields. Exploiting the farm-level nature of our data, we observe increasing heterogeneity in wine yields, suggesting that some farmers were able to realize productivity increases. We show that efficient slave labor utilization was a critical driver of productivity enhancement, largely unaffected by external factors.

Paper Empires: Layers of Law in Colonial South Asia and the Indian Ocean

AbstractAnthropologists and historians have recently underscored the ways in which European colonialism created novel regimes of legality and record-keeping, associated with ambitious and exclusive state-centered claims to both truth and rights, while being inevitably and constantly sucked into eddies of forgery and corruption. However, attention so far has been focused on English/European-language records and the colonial institutions that produced, stored, and deployed them. This has communicated a monolithic sense of power and normativity that unwittingly replicates the aspirations of colonial states. Drawing on eight case studies from in and around South Asia from the eighteenth to the twentieth centuries, we propose instead that the law of empires was rooted in the highly localized, often multilingual, and fragmented bureaucracies that produced its records. Here, historians of pre-colonial Indian regimes join hands with historians of British, Dutch, and French colonialism in order to unearth the genealogies of records written in Bengali, Marathi, Persian, Sinhala, and Tamil, as well as in French, Dutch, and English. This special issue collectively excavates the many layers, regimes, and languages in which legally effective records were produced by imperial regimes in South Asia and its much larger watery penumbra, the Indian Ocean.

Celluloid Colony: Locating History and Ethnography in Early Dutch Colonial Films of Indonesia by Sandeep Ray (review)

Celluloid Colony: Locating History and Ethnography in Early Dutch Colonial Films of Indonesia by Sandeep Ray (review)

Japanese Language Learning Media in Indonesia at the High School/SMK/equivalent Level Curriculum K13 and Merdeka

The Japanese colonization of Indonesia, which lasted for three and a half years, had a profound impact on Indonesian history. With a time span not much longer than the Dutch colonization, the Japanese colonization had a major effect on Indonesia. It affected all aspects, including language. The interest in the Japanese language, and its inclusion in the Indonesian curriculum, cannot be separated from the history between Indonesia and Japan and the good bilateral relations between the two. The Japanese language as education is seen as a whole system that includes curriculum, materials, facilities, teacher-learners, teaching methodology, teaching media, and evaluation. This study aims to find out the Japanese language learning media in Indonesia at the Senior High School level and the equivalent to see how learning media can be done in learning a foreign language, namely Japanese. Data is collected using literature study techniques with descriptive-qualitative methods that describe data systematically and in detail to explore social phenomena or the real situation of Japanese language learning K13 Curriculum and Merdeka Curriculum at the SMA / SMK / equivalent level in the use of learning media. The results of the study state that mobile applications and device-based Japanese online dictionaries can be used for Japanese language learning at the SMA / SMK / equivalent level as basic or beginner level learners.

THE ROLE OF NAHDLATUL ULAMA IN REALIZING THE INDEPENDENCE OF THE UNITED STATE OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA

The writing in our article has the following objectives: (1) to explain the beginning of the formation of Nahdlatul Ulama; (2) explaining how Nahdlatul was involved in resisting Dutch colonialism; (3). Explaining the role played by Nahdatlul Ulama in politics (4). Explain the role of Nahdlatul Ulama in the education arena. The method applied in our writing is the historiographic method. The results of this study are known that: (1) Nahdlatul Ulama was formed on January 31, 1929 in Surabaya, more precisely at the residence of Wahab Casbullah. (2) Nahdlatul ulama began to form a network of pesantren to mobilize the strength of Muslims and also educate the students. (3) politics run by Nahdatlul Ulama has populist and state principles, this is what makes Nahdlatul Ulama a religious organization that is based on the common good and interests. (4) Nahdlatul Ulama itself participates in fighting for the independence of the Indonesian nation by educating the nation's children by building Islamic boarding schools and madrasas.

Pusaka pavilion: urban acupuncture as narrative pathway to relive history

Pabean Market is known as one of the legacies of Dutch colonialism in Surabaya. The constant hustle and bustle of fishmongers, customers, fish laborers, distributors, to commodity trucks remains to this present day. More often than not, architectural history or cultural heritage of the site go unnoticed or forgotten. To evoke the sociocultural context and involve the community in its preservation, the design also utilizes mobilization or circulation as a narrative strategy. The author focuses on “Storytelling for Forgotten History, Vehicles for Cultural Heritage”, aimed at supporting the commercial activities without leaving historical memory through movement experiences. Utilizing the Force-Based Framework and analyzing the sociocultural context, culture, and needs of the site, the design proposal focuses on storytelling and cultural heritage preservation. The categorization of movement types allows for the determination of suitable media of modules to facilitate effective circulation within the designed environment. Pusaka Pavilion serves as a medium to optimize movement, enabling individuals to experience history, encounter new perspectives, and immerse themselves in diverse cultures. This article presents the conceptual framework and design approach to reflect forgotten history, revive cultural contexts, and foster an inclusive engaging environment.

The Development of the Dutch Colonial Settlement in the City of Yogyakarta after the Implementation of the Decentralisatie Wet Policy (1903-1942)

The Development of the Dutch Colonial Settlement in the City of Yogyakarta after the Implementation of the Decentralisatie Wet Policy (1903-1942)

Language Variations for Tourism Sectors around of English and Dutch Colonial Buildings: Sociolinguistics and Ethnolinguistics Studies

The purpose of this research is to know the language variations through Sociolingustics and ethnolinguistics studies in the English heritage and colonial building areas. The approach used in this research is qualitative. The strategy of in this research designed by combining the qualitative research design from Lincoln (2003) with the descriptive qualitative research design from Permadi (2013). The research results in the emergence of code-mixing and code-switching in society. There are several languages are spread in those cultural heritage, such as: Chinese, Melayu, Arabic, Bugis, Maduresse and Indonesia. While, Banyuwangi has Oseng Language.Thus, the conclusion that it is necessary to understand the potential of the language used in society. In this case, not only the text but its use in social and cultural contexts because language does not only depend on its social aspects in the sense of how language is used in social contexts and culture but then how language finally can be an additinaol potention to support colonial tourism destination in Banyuwangi. AbstrakTujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui variasi bahasa melalui pendekatan sosiolingusitik dan ethnolingusitik di Kawasan cagar budaya Inggrisan dan dua bangunan kolonial. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif. Strategi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini dirancang dengan mengkomibansi antara desain penelitian kualitatif dari Lincoln (2003) dan desain kualitatif deskriptif Permadi (2013). Hasil penelitian yang didapat bahwa terdapat campur kode dan alih kode dalam kehidupan di masyarakat. Ada beberapa bahasa yang tersebar dalam warisan budaya tersebut, seperti: Cina, Melayu, Arab, Bugis, Madura dan Indonesia. Dengan demikian, kesimpulan dalam penelitian ini adalah perlunya memahami potensi bahasa yang digunakan dalam masyarakat. Dalam hal ini, bukan hanya teksnya tetapi penggunaannya dalam konteks sosial dan budaya karena bahasa tidak hanya bergantung pada aspek sosial dan budaya saja tetapi bagaimana bahasa kemudian bisa dijadikan sebagai potensi tambahan untuk menunjang destinasi pariwisata kolonial di Banyuwangi.

ANALISIS POSTKOLONIAL DALAM NOVEL KEMBALI KE DESA KARYA TRI BUDHI SASTRIO

Postcolonial theory is used to examine the novel Back to the Village by Tri Budhi Sastrio. The novel Back to the Village is the story of an innocent village girl named Putu Larasati, a teenager who was snatched away by her youth, then stranded in the Dutch Company barracks and fell into the arms of a Company soldier named Captain Robert van Eyk. This village girl was lucky because the soldier, although at first was a soldier who was a jerk and a hooker, turned out to love her with all her heart and sincerity. The sincerity and loyalty of the soldier who had become her husband was well recorded in the mind of this innocent country girl. Everything becomes beautiful, calm, serene, and peaceful. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative method using postcolonial theory. The data of this research are excerpts from the description of postcolonial theory in the novel "Back to the Village" by Tri Budhi Sastrio. The data source of this research is the novel "Back to the Village" by Tri Budhi Sastrio published by C.V Jejak Publisher publisher on Jln. Bojonggenteng Number 18, Kec. Bojonggenteng Kab. Sukabumi, West Java First printing December 2018, 188 pages, 14 x 20 cm. Data collection techniques used reading techniques and note-taking techniques. The data that has been obtained is then written on the data card. After the data that are in accordance with the research focus are collected, the data is then analyzed using the postcolonial theory of Edward Said's thinking: politics, culture, resistance. Analysis of postcolonial theory in the novel "Back to the Village" by Tri Budhi Sastrio is based on Edward Said's thoughts: politics, culture, resistance that the contents of the novel from a political point of view of the Dutch government colonizing Indonesia by utilizing Dutch stooges such as village heads and indigenous women including Putu Larasati figure became a shield for Dutch colonial politics. In the cultural field, indigenous people still maintain etiquette and manners in attitude and speech. This can be seen in the character Putu Larasati. In the field of Resistance, indigenous peoples continued to fight and defend their rights which had been colonized by the Dutch colonials. This is reflected in the character Putu Larasati who fights for her rights as a woman and maintains the dignity of her family.

Transition in Building Function of the Former Official Residences for Residents and Resident Assistants from the Dutch Colonial Heritage of the 19-20th Century in Madiun Raya

<em>Resident and resident assistants</em><strong> </strong><em>are designations for colonial officials assigned to assist the Governor-general of the Dutch East Indies in the administrative area of the residency level. This research aims to trace the existence of Dutch colonial heritage buildings in the administrative area of the Madiun Residency, now termed Madiun Raya, consisting of Madiun, Ponorogo, Pacitan, Ngawi, and Magetan. This research is obtained through a unit analysis research with the main subject being Dutch colonial buildings and a historical approach. The stages are heuristics (gathering sources), source criticism, interpretation, and historical writing. This research results in four findings in the form of official residences for Residents and Resident Assistants who have ruled Madiun Raya from 1830 to 1942, including the official residence of Madiun Resident, official residence of Ponorogo Resident Assistant, official residence of Pacitan Resident Assistant, and official residence of Ngawi Resident Assistant. Then, it explains the transition function of the four buildings in the present.</em>

R.A. Kartini’s Letters: The Emergence of the Subaltern?

This study investigates R.A. Kartini’s letters to find out how her published letters represent the emerging of the subaltern voice. Using postcolonial criticism, this study scrutinizes ways in which Kartini’s letters show traces of the Dutch colonialism’s ideology and interprets the letters as challenging the Dutch’s purposes and hegemony. Focusing on Kartini’s concerns regarding colonized women’s position in society and their education, Kartini’s letters show her mimicry and ambivalence of her identity as a colonized subject. The publication of her letters enable her subaltern voice to be heard.