Dutch Colonial Research Articles

Techniques in Drafting Contracts

At this time, it appears that there is a lack of discussion of various basic laws, such as civil law, commercial law, criminal law, constitutional law, contract law, and others. Our contract law still uses the regulations of the Dutch Colonial Government contained in Book III of the Civil Code. Book III of the Civil Code adheres to an open system, meaning that parties are free to enter into contracts with anyone, determine the terms, implementation and form of the contract, whether oral or written. This research aims to find out the principles and Pre-Drafting in contract design and the technical stages in contract design. The research specifications are descriptive in nature using normative juridical research. The approach method used is a statutory approach. Data obtained through document study and analyzed using qualitative methods. Based on the research results, the first is related to the principles in designing contracts, namely there are two legal principles that must be considered, namely: beginsselen der contrachtsvrijheid or party autonomy, and pacta sunt servanda. Beginselen der contrachtsvrijheid or party autonomy, namely that the parties are free to agree on what they want, provided that it does not conflict with the law, public order and morality. Regarding pre-preparation of contracts, there are four things that must be considered by the parties, namely. Identity of the parties, initial research on related aspects, creation of an MOU, and negotiations. The second research result is that there must be stages in contract design, contract title, opening, related parties, racital, contents of the contract and closing.

Eksil Banten dan Terbentuknya Komunitas Muslim di Minahasa Abad XIX

This article discusses the socio-cultural life and development of the exiled Muslim community from Banten in the Minahasa Residency, which was a location for exile in line with the Dutch colonial government's policy of placing exiles from Banten in the Manado (Minahasa) Residency throughout the 19th century. The historical method used in this research is by using the 19th century Colonial Archives stored in the National Archives of the Republic of Indonesia, travel reports, and local sources, especially manuscripts kept by their descendants in Tomohon and Minahasa. The findings in this research are: First, who are the figures from Banten who were exiled in Minahasa. Second, the reason Minahasa was chosen as the location of exile for the Dutch Colonial Government. Third, the form of adaptation carried out by the exiled community in Sarongsong village, Minahasa, Java. fourth, what is the relationship between Islam and Christianity after the arrival of exiles from Banten in Manado and Minahasa.

Dampak Penjajahan Belanda terhadap Budaya Maritim Indonesia dan Transformasi Identitas Nasional

This study investigates the dynamics of change in Indonesian maritime culture through an analysis of the role of Dutch colonization in the transformation of national identity. Drawing on qualitative research methods using secondary data, the study examines three key areas: factors contributing to Dutch colonization, the impact of Dutch colonial policies on traditional maritime practices and social structures, and the contribution of Dutch colonization to Indonesian national identity formation and its contemporary legacy. The research's findings show that trade interests, military conquests, and cultural exchanges were the driving forces behind Dutch colonization, which had a significant impact on Indonesian maritime culture. Dutch colonial policies such as the cultivation system and cultural assimilation efforts disrupted traditional maritime practices and social structures, leading to socio-economic disparities and cultural hybridization. However, Dutch colonization also fostered a sense of resistance and solidarity among Indonesians, contributing to the formation of a unified national identity. In conclusion, the study underscores the multifaceted nature of Dutch influence on Indonesian maritime culture and national identity, highlighting the enduring legacy of colonialism in contemporary Indonesian society.

KONTESTASI KUASA DALAM PERDAGANGAN REMPAH DI PANTAI BARAT DAN SELATAN ACEH ABAD KE 18 HINGGA 19 M

The spice route has become a national discourse in the context of strengthening the Indonesian nation's maritime cultural identity. As one of the big nations, the archipelago was once a cross-national melting pot in the context of hunting and trading spices on an international scale. After all, spices were the prima donna commodity of their time, which raised the name of the archipelago to the international trade stage. This research was conducted to find out the history of the spice route in one of the archipelago regions, especially in Aceh. After all, Islam and the spice trade have become a part of the civilization of Aceh and the Archipelago. This research is a qualitative research, with an historical and anthropological method approach, in order to understand firsthand how the description of the spice trade route in Aceh, especially the western and southern regions of Aceh. The results showed that the West and South Coasts of Aceh had become the locus of one of the archipelago's spice trading centers from the late 18th century to the end of the 19th century AD. The progress of the spice trade was marked by the emergence of ports on the west coast, including the old Singkel port, Trumon , Susoh, Kuala Batu, Meulaboh, to Bandar Rigaih. The presence of the Trumon Kingdom, which was built from the rapid trade in spices and pepper, and the weakening influence and power of the Aceh Darussalam Kingdom, shows that there is a contestation of power between the Aceh Darussalam Kingdom, Dutch Colonial and local powers on the West coast. Among the spice commodities on the west coast of Aceh include; pepper, cloves, nutmeg, resin, and silk. However, the presence of spices on the West coast of Aceh contributed to the emergence of power contestation between the Kingdom of Aceh Darussalam, the Netherlands and the kingdoms on the West coast of Aceh, especially in the context of power struggles and spice commodities.

"Merdeka"! and the dynamics of extreme violence; The first year of the Indonesian Revolution through the eyes of three Dutch journalists

In the first year after World War II, there was a power vacuum in Indonesia. The Indonesians had declared their independence. The Allies had assigned the administration of the former Dutch colony to the British. The Dutch thought they could continue their colonial ambitions. It was a year of utter chaos and extreme violence. While most Dutch journalists remained in Jakarta, three went to the war zones: two of them as reporters and the other as a soldier. The analysis of three texts on the first year of the Indonesian War of Independence by Dutch eyewitnesses shows the importance of subjecting them to closer scrutiny. In the massive focus on the violence in the Indonesian freedom struggle, literary texts of this kind are too often not taken into consideration, even though they are crucial to gaining an insight into the thinking about this war at that time. Because of their hybrid nature, this type of text is pre-eminent in revealing the tension between clashing conceptions, realities, and truths.

Modernity of the Bataknese in Tapanuli during the Dutch Colonial and Japanese Occupation Period

Modernity of the Bataknese in Tapanuli during the Dutch Colonial and Japanese Occupation Period

Reconciling Islam with Indonesian Nationalism: Acceptance of the Arab Middle Eastern Influence During the Dutch Colonial Period

Abstract During the final decade of the Dutch colonial era, Indonesia witnessed a heated conflict over the relationship between Islam and nationalism. This paper examines several opinions within the Indonesian Islamic movement during the conflict, considering the influence of the Arab Middle East. Around 1930, behind the conflict with secular nationalists, a movement of Islamic groups sympathetic to nationalism emerged, resulting in a fierce debate from the latter half of the 1930s. At the end, those who accepted nationalism while demanding an Islamic movement and an Islamic state became the mainstream position. The rise of Indonesian Islamic nationalism was influenced by the Arab Middle East via Cairo-educated Indonesians and the writings of Arab Middle Eastern intellectuals. However, the acceptance of the influence depended on regional factors. It took some time before those writings became a contentious issue in Indonesia, and Indonesian Muslims selectively utilized the writings.

The Wolf, the island and the sea: truancy and escaping slavery in Curacao (1837–1863)

ABSTRACT Between 1837–1863, the government on the Dutch colony of Curacao registered the escape attempts from all enslaved persons on the island. By combining the structured information of the ‘register of runaway slaves’ with other sources, it becomes clear that running away during slavery was a multi-faceted phenomenon. The 1,613 registered escape attempts included not only escapees, trying to flee the island, but also a majority of truants who fled temporarily but stayed on the island. Escapees were mostly young men, who normally worked in groups and had to prepare their attempts well, in order to have a chance to escape the island. An analysis of the profiles of truants show that they were a wide range of persons, from pregnant women to elderly people, fleeing alone or in groups. All these people not only needed an opportunity to flee, but also a place to go to. Together, they created a ‘maroon landscape’, a mental map of opportunities available to enslaved people. Their mental landscape did include locations, people and circumstances on Curacao, but also the sea surrounding it. Moreover, seasonal effects like harvest time and changes abroad altered the ‘maroon landscape’ continuously and lead to an adjustment of behavior, which is most obvious after the abolition of slavery in nearby Venezuela in 1854.

The Material Creativity of Affective Artifacts in the Dutch Colonial World

The Material Creativity of Affective Artifacts in the Dutch Colonial World

War in Java: Historical Traces of Conflict and Struggle in the Indonesian Cultural Center

The land of Java has been a historical center of conflict and struggle that influenced the direction of Indonesian civilization. With a dense population and abundant cultural riches, the Land of Java witnessed various battles and political struggles that reflected the complex dynamics of its society. This article explores the historical traces of conflict and struggle in Java, starting from inter-kingdom battles in ancient history to the struggle against Dutch colonialists in the war of independence. Through analysis of Javanese cultural values, the role of important figures, and the impact of political and social transformation, this article illustrates how important the Land of Java is in shaping Indonesia's national identity. By understanding the history of conflict and struggle in Java, we can appreciate Indonesia's cultural heritage and gain deeper insight into the spirit of the nation's struggle.

Kajian Semiotika Elemen Arsitektural Mushola Babah Alun Di Taman Suropati Kota Jakarta

Babah Alun Mushola at Taman Suropati Menteng Jakarta is one of the 7 Islamic prayer places which initiated by Jusuf Hamka. Babah Alun Mushola placed on the upper floor police station building at Taman Suropati Menteng Jakarta . According to Jusuf Hamka, the architecture of this Building was designed with application of Betawi, Chinese and Dutch Colonial cultural architectural elements. This research aims to determine the application of those signs through Pierce’s semiotic theory to identify the architectural elements of the Babah Alun Taman Suropati mushola. This research was carried out using a descriptive qualitative approach, by observing the details of the cultural architectural elements at the Babah Alun Taman Suropati mushola. The research exploring the form, function and symbolic meaning of the application of the cultural architecture elements. It is hoped that the research results can become a reference in designing building designs that apply cultural architectural elements

Mudjair: Intellectual Progress and Fisheries Innovation in the Dutch Colonial Period

Several historical studies that exist today have reviewed how the fishing industry developed during the colonial period. However, generally existing studies focus more on aspects of marine and port fisheries. The inland or freshwater fisheries aspect is not highlighted much. One of the results of the development of inland fisheries knowledge and technology is the innovation of mudjair fish. This paper tries to dig deeper into the innovators of mudjair fish both in terms of background knowledge and domestication methods. The method used in this paper is the historical method. Based on the results of the study, Mudjair's knowledge as an innovator is based on informal knowledge. The series of fish domestication processes he used were scientific organic knowledge. This is evidence of intellectual progress and innovation in the field of fisheries.

(Re-)negotiating Masculinities in the Kampoeng: Medical Mercenaries and the Aceh War, c. 1880–1890

ABSTRACT Around 300 physicians from Switzerland, the German as well as the Austro-Hungarian Empire joined the Dutch Colonial Army between 1814 and 1914. While their motives to volunteer in the first place could widely differ, many among them eagerly published on their experiences as medical officers ‘Far East’, presenting their alleged heroic deeds and the struggles they faced as medical men in the tropics to a broad readership in Germanophone Europe. This article zooms in on the lives of three such ‘medical mercenaries’ deployed in Aceh, where the Dutch fought one of the longest, most costly, and deadly wars in their Imperial history: the Swiss Dr. Heinrich Erni, Austrian Dr. Heinrich Breitenstein, and Prussian Dr. Friedrich Wilhelm Stammeshaus. By analysing their testimonies of the daily lives in the military camps, it asks how European masculinities were forged, challenged, and contested through medicine and medical experts in colonial wars fought in from a European perspective remote, unknown tropical outdoor spaces.

The Trauma and Collective Memory Analyses Of A Novel Titled “Semua Untuk Hindia” by Iksaka Banu

Memory receives various influences from the social background, starting from the surrounding community where the individual lives. Interactions between individuals, including with the community, foster memory. This shows that remembering requires a social context to materialize. One manifestation of memory is from individual trauma or collective trauma in a society. The source of memory is rooted in the collective material of human social products. Then, the memory develops and creates a correlation between people in society. One of the collective memories that prevails in Indonesia is the memory related to the struggle for independence. Society has a memory of the memories that occurred since the Dutch colonial era in Indonesia. This collective memory then becomes very interesting if explored with a theory that can see how unbroken the chain of memory in society is. The researcher then conducted research related to memory trauma in a collection of short stories by Iksaka Banu entitled “Semua Untuk Hindia” to see how the story responded to the traumas that occurred. This research uses informal data from a short story written by Iksaka Banu that tells a fictional story with a historical background, especially nostalgia for the colonial period. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative which uses research and produces descriptive data in the form of written words such as dialog and sentences contained in novel. The qualitative method used is a descriptive method by presenting data as evidence that the author expresses collective memory in a novel. The results found that the author indirectly describes collective memory in the form of interrelated events during the Dutch colonization period.

Revealing Tax Accounting Practices in Mamasa Regency, West Sulawesi Province, Indonesia

This study aimed to investigate tax accounting practices in Mamasa Regency, West Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. Qualitative method was used and in-depth interview was conducted with three informants selected as representatives of the focal issue. The results showed the historical evolution of tax in the region. Tax has been present since the era of Kings or Kingdom, and is manifested in the form of voluntary offerings as a tribute to King, a deity or divine representative. However, with the arrival of the Dutch colonizers in Indonesia, tax transformed into sima ulu or soul tax. This new model presented the community labor as taxable object, with the soul of the community serving as subject. During this period, the Dutch government incorporated tax as colonial domination and a means of perpetuating long-term power, and established regulations or sanctions to govern the collected tax.

Reflections Of The Vietnam Strategy On Resistance To French And Us Occupation

Reflections Of The Vietnam Strategy On Resistance To French And Us Occupation

Dutch Colonization and Slavery of Asia: From Apology to Reparation

This article is about the history of forced apologies and reparations for the 350 years of Dutch colonization and the Dutch war of occupation of the Republic of Indonesia from 1945-1949, the trade in enslaved people, the extermination of the indigenous population, their replacement by people willing to serve the Dutch colonists, and the looting and plundering of natural mineral resources and earthly products such as nutmeg. The apologies issued are half-hearted, enforced by lawsuits that focus on a few rather than entire populations. The apologies are limited to the Republic of Indonesia and then only for the period 1945-1949. Currently, the Netherlands is considering apologies and possibly reparations for the suffering inflicted on Africans in the transatlantic triangle. In the process, Asian genocides, torture, executions, beheadings, enslavement of people, and looting and robbery of people and land are being covered up. Perhaps this is neo-colonization at its best. This article also makes a proposal, based on the insights of the international reparations movement and transactional justice, in the hope that the Netherlands and its Dutch municipalities will begin to mend their ways. At the heart of this proposal are methods for apologizing and repairing suffering. This can only be done together with our Asian sisters and brothers.

The ‘Queer Woman’ between Shanghai and Nanyang, 1920s–1930s

This article examines the actress Yang Naimei and a movie produced by her film company entitled Qi nüzi (A Queer Woman, dir. Shi Dongshan, 1928), based on the recent suicide of Yu Meiyan, a headline-making femme fatale. Premiered in Shanghai in October 1928, Yang took the film on tour in British and Dutch colonies across Nanyang (today’s Singapore, Malaysia, and Indonesia) between 1929 and 1931. This first film company founded by a woman in China and its sole film output have sunk into oblivion in Chinese film historiography. I argue that this disappearance reflects two acts of negligence: the negligence of the ‘queer woman’ (qi nüzi) vis-à-vis the canonical ‘new woman’ (xin nüxing), and that of diasporic/Sinophone film spectatorship outside China proper. Drawing on a miscellany of texts, this article excavates the forgotten ‘queer woman’ in Chinese film and inquires into the historical conditions that contributed to her omission. It also charts the cultural exchanges of films, performances, and discourses between Shanghai and Nanyang, illuminating the complexities and ambiguities of screening and performing in these interstitial spaces.

Sunyaragi Cave as a Cultural Heritage Tourist Attraction of the People of Cirebon

This paper discusses how the process of changing Sunyaragi Cave from its initial function as a learning studio for the King's family to a place of deliberations on war strategies against Dutch colonialists to become a tourism industry at this time. This research uses a qualitative method approach to describe the natural condition of objects, where the researcher is the key instrument. The reason researchers choose descriptive research is to be able to describe systematically and accurately facts and characteristics about the population or a particular field. The researcher here intends to provide an overview of a particular social phenomenon that already exists. The discussion in this paper covers the history of Sunyaragi Cave, starting from its establishment and several restorations to its current condition. There is a cave management crisis until an agreement is reached by the responsible manager at this time and discusses how to change its function into a tourism industry and the uniqueness of cave architecture so that it has the potential to become a tourist destination for the cultural heritage of the people of Cirebon.

Law Enforcement of Single Traffic Accidents Causing Death and Injury of Passengers

The high number of accidents in Indonesia is one of the impacts of the lack of awareness of road users and road transportation providers in maintaining traffic order and road transportation security. Services that are safe, secure, orderly, smooth, and integrated with other modes of transportation can boost the national economy, advance public welfare, strengthen national unity, and be able to uphold the dignity of the nation. This study aims to analyze law enforcement by police officers in single traffic accidents that cause passengers to die and the responsibilities of drivers and the Otobus Company (PO) to victims. The method uses normative legal research with a statutory approach and the concept of law enforcement. The research shows that the maximum punishment imposed on the perpetrators of traffic crimes normatively can be explained by the relatively low maximum punishment ranging from one year to five years and until now the legal basis for capturing the perpetrators of traffic crimes still depends on the Criminal Code inherited from the Dutch Colonial Government. Law enforcement by police officers with the investigation and investigation of criminal cases in the case of a single accident experienced by the suspect on the toll road ensnares the Road Traffic and Transportation Law (LLAJ Law). Drivers and POs are responsible for victims by providing compensation to accident victims following the LLAJ Law by not removing or reducing criminal liability.