Dutch Colonial Research Articles

A Historical Review of the Artificial Pollination of Vanilla planifolia: The Importance of Collaborative Research in a Changing World.

The natural fertilization of Vanilla planifolia has long been a matter of speculation. Stingless (tribe Meliponini) and orchid bees (tribe Euglossini) are often cited as effective pollinators, but direct evidence is notoriously lacking. As with other food-deceptive orchids, the natural fruit-set in V. planifolia is low and does not occur spontaneously outside its native range in Middle America. Fruiting has, therefore, necessitated human intervention through artificial pollination. How Vanilla first came to be artificially pollinated is a controversial issue spurring egotism and nationalism. There are numerous texts offering differing versions of the historical events that led to the discovery of the artificial fertilization of V. planifolia and its propagation as a crop. Historical records show Vanilla was simultaneously being pollinated in several parts of the world. I argue that the suspected independent simultaneous discoveries made in Liège, Paris, Padua, the Dutch colony of Java (Indonesia), and the French insular colonies Réunion (Bourbon), Guadeloupe, and Martinique are not unconnected. I conclude that they can be traced back to a single discoverer whose feat was spread around the globe by a tight network of corresponding naturalists. This view contrasts with previous authors. Finally, current concerns regarding Vanilla pollination and production are addressed, highlighting the need for immediate actions to conserve the genetic diversity of the crop's wild relatives to attenuate the effect of extreme climates in a changing world. A plea is made to shift the focus to Middle America, stimulating and supporting local research and conservation efforts and the allocation of funds from this billion-dollar industry.

The Case of Dutch and Japanese Colonial Political Policies on Islamic Education in Indonesia

During the colonial period, education must have been very difficult to get, because the colonizers who were in power at that time did not want education to reach the indigenous people. The Islamic education system during the Japanese occupation was basically the same as the Islamic education system in the Dutch era, namely in addition to the pesantren education system established by traditional scholars, there was also a classical education system as seen in madrasas. The Dutch have colonized Indonesia for centuries. And during the Dutch colonial period, access to Islamic education was very difficult because Dutch education was more dominant in non-Islamic education. While Japan actually gave relief to Islamic education in Indonesia, it was precisely the waiver from Japan that made Japan withdraw from Indonesia. The research method used in this study is a Literature Study that collects data from various written sources. This research aims to find out the cases of political policies related to Islamic Education in Indonesia during the Dutch and Japanese colonial periods.

Revisiting the history of colonialism and international law in Indonesia: the legacies of G. J. Resink

Power is exercised through truth claims, as seen in the case of Dutch colonialism in Indonesia. Gertrudes Johan Resink, a scholar of international law, successfully exposed the history of Dutch colonialism in Indonesia and demonstrated the pre-existence of international law before European expansion by considering the role of international law in Indonesia’s history. This article examines Resink’s legacy and the potential for elaborating further on his ideas in Indonesia’s history of international law. Although this article deals with a specific context, the Indonesian experience can contribute to the history and development of international law in the region more generally.

Changeability, adaptability, and resiliency of Indonesian historic area: a case of Kesawan, Medan

Abstract This paper aims to analyse changes in buildings and plots in a historical area in Medan, Indonesia, in 1875, 1945, and 2023. Change is discussed from the aspect of physical and functional change. The ability of an environment to change and adapt is in line with the concepts of resilience and sustainability. This paper shows that buildings change functionally from hotels and clubhouses to banks. Plots became smaller as previous plots were divided into smaller parts separated by new streets or alleys. This pattern was more pronounced in large, square-shaped plots. Factors that drove these changes were influenced by political factors (lack of government regulation and social movement against Dutch colonialism) and economic factors (Kesawan’s role as a business center).

The Impact of Hikayat Prang Sabi on the Community: A Sociology of Literature Study

The growing fighting spirit of the Acehnese people against the Dutch colonialists has been documented in history. One factor that significantly influenced this heroic spirit was the Hikayat Prang Sabi (The letter literature of war). How did this text shape the courageous spirit of the Acehnese in their resistance against the invaders? This paper examines the influence of Hikayat Prang Sabi (HPS) on its readers and the broader community. This study aims to reveal the impact of Hikayat Prang Sabi on Acehnese society. The theoretical framework used is the sociology of literature, focusing on the relationship between author, the literary work, and the reading public. The methodology employed is a descriptive qualitative approach that draws on literary sociology. The results indicate that HPS was a significant literary work that deeply affected its readers, especially the Acehnese who embraced it. The creation of HPS by Tgk. Chik Pante Kulu was closely tied to the political conditions in Aceh at the time, as the region was engaged in conflict with Dutch military force. During the Aceh-Dutch war, HPS was read before going to battle until it was confiscated and destroyed by the Dutch. Even after the war, HPS remained a crucial reference for the Acehnese in rebuilding political power.

Perception of perpetrators’ acknowledgement of victimhood increases rather than decreases support for reconciliation with another victim group

ABSTRACT Centuries of colonial oppression in the collective memory of native Indonesians perpetuated their perception as victims of historical injustice, and left behind violent intergroup conflicts. We investigated how perceived acknowledgement of victimhood by perpetrators and another victim group would predict support for reconciliation with Chinese Indonesians through acknowledgement of ingroup wrongdoing and reduced prejudice. We conducted an online survey among native Indonesians (N = 333) and identified an indirect relationship between perceived acknowledgement of victimhood by Dutch colonizers and support for reconciliation with Chinese Indonesians via the mediating effect of prejudice. However, contrary to expectations, participants with higher levels of perceived acknowledgement of victimhood by perpetrators were more likely to show prejudice, which in turn predicted lower support for reconciliation. Acknowledgement of ingroup wrongdoing was not a statistically significant mediator. This study suggests that, in some cases, acknowledgement of victimhood by the perpetrator group may be primarily taken as a confirmation of victimhood rather than a direct path towards a more peaceful co-existence with other groups.

What the Dutch benefits scandal and policy's focus on ‘fraud’ can teach us about the endurance of empire

In the benefits scandal, the Dutch state wrongfully accused at least 35,000 Dutch parents of young children of committing fraud with subsidies for childcare, based on ethnic profiling. Especially families with heritage in the former Dutch colonies in the Caribbean and Suriname were hit. Because they had to compensate for this supposed ‘fraud’, families were often thrown into severe debt and years of financial and legal struggle, a struggle that is ongoing for many. For the parents of more than 2,000 children, this even led to the loss of custody of their children. The Dutch state has formally acknowledged that ‘institutional racism’ was part of the problem, yet the scandal remains analysed by many, especially white scholars and journalists, as unintended, incidental and unrelated to Dutch colonial history. This commentary addresses the scandal as a case of an enduring colonial legacy of targeting racialised and gendered citizens in social policy. ‘Fraud’ is a social policy category through which this is made possible and violence continues to be inflicted upon racialised and gendered members of the Dutch population.

Establishing Bandung as a Center of Nationalism: R. A. A. Wiranatakusumah V's Political Policies Amidst the Independence Movement

This study aims to analyze the political policies of R.A.A. Wiranatakusumah V in establishing Bandung as a center of nationalism amidst Indonesia's independence movement. This research uses a literature study method with a historical approach to explore Wiranatakusumah V's role as the Regent of Bandung, including his response to significant events such as the founding of the Indonesian National Party (PNI) and Bung Karno's trial by the Dutch Colonial Landraad. The findings indicate that R.A.A. Wiranatakusumah V's policies successfully made Bandung a region that welcomed the national movement while maintaining harmony between indigenous and colonial groups. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of how inclusive and nationalist political policies can shape a city's identity as a center of the national movement. The study also offers lessons for the younger generation on the importance of leadership that can unite various societal elements in the struggle for independence.

Kyai Abd. Rachman Bin Sopa Hamid: Jejak Keluarga Kesultanan Palembang Darussalam Di Tulung Selapan Ogan Komering Ilir

This research is the result of historical research with the title " Kyai Abd. Rachman Bin Sopa Hamid: Palembang Darussalam Sultanate Family in Tulung Selapan Ogan Komering ". This research was conducted to determine the journey and role of Kyai Abd. Rachman Bin Sopa Hamid in Tulung Selapan through the historical evidence left behind. In this research, Levinson's Role Theory is used. Through this theory, the traces, role and position of Kyai Abd can be analyzed. Rachman Bin Sopa Hamid in the Tulung Selapan village community, Ogan Komering Ilir Regency during the Palembang Darussalam Sultanate era until its current influence on the local community. Apart from that, the research method used is descriptive qualitative. From the results of his research, it is known that the fall of the Palembang sultanate into Dutch hands was marked by the capture of Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin II and his family who were then exiled to Ternate (North Maluku). At the same time, several imperial families and other Mujahid figures also fled to other areas, including Kyai Abdurachman bin Sopa Hamid, who at the time also fled to the Ogan Komering Ilir area, precisely in Tulung Selapan, until he died. The whereabouts of Kyai Abd. Rachman Bin Sopa Hamid in Tulung Selapan is marked by the presence of several relics in the form of a collection of swords and tenongs as well as the existence of Kyai Abd's food. Rachman Bin Sopa Hamid. During his escape in Tulung Selapan, Kyai Abdurachman bin Sopa Hamid then preached and broadcast the Islamic religion through education to the local community so that he was also known as a cleric and played a major role in politics such as leading the local community in facing the Dutch colonialists who came to Tulung Selapan to this day

Book Review: Genesis and Nemesis of the First Dutch Colonial Empire in Asia and South Africa, 1596–1811 by Gerrit Knaap

Book Review: <i>Genesis and Nemesis of the First Dutch Colonial Empire in Asia and South Africa, 1596–1811</i> by Gerrit Knaap

Gaya Arsitektur Rumah Istri Sultan Amaluddin Tengku Khalijah di Kota Maksum

Kota Maksum is an elite area that was once the residence of the nobles of the Deli Sultanate since the royal family moved from the palace in Labuhan to the Maimun Palace in 1891. The development of Kota Maksum was inseparable from the collaboration between the kingdom and the Dutch colonialists at that time so that the buildings of the Sultanate Many Delis were built by Dutch architects, including the Kota Maksum area. One proof of the legacy of the residence of the Deli nobles in Maksum City today is the house of Sultan Amaluddin Tengku Khalijah's wife. This house is the residence of Tengku Khalijah, the wife of Sultan Amaluddin Sani Perkasa Alamsyah, located in Maksum City. What's unique is that this house still stands strong today, even though it looks like the house is not very well maintained. In this way, the author immediately plunged into the field to see the house. This research aims to reveal the architectural style and ornaments used in the house of Sultan Amaluddin Tengku Khalijah's wife in Maksum City. The research method used in this research is a historical approach using data collection techniques through field observations, direct interviews with Tengku Khalijah's descendants, and literature study. The findings from this research show that Tengku Khalijah's house is structurally styled using Dutch colonial architecture which can be seen in elements such as stiles, doors, windows, dormer roofs, roof peak decoration and the use of the dominant color white in the house which is generally also used. on Other Colonial houses. Several typical Malay ornaments with floral motifs are also used in this house.

Civil aircraft procurement and colonial ties: Evidence on the market for jetliners, 1952–89

We investigate the extent to which (quasi-)colonial ties played a role in the procurement of jet aircraft by airlines in the Global South. Because we do not have access to archival data on the sensitive issue of aircraft procurement, we take an indirect empirical approach. Our investigation is based on a dataset including all Western jet aircraft delivered between 1952 and 1989. We ask if, to what extent, and how long airlines from former British, French, Dutch, and US (quasi-)colonies tended to buy jets from their former or, respectively, most recent colonial master. We compare the (ex-ante) expected geographical distribution of politically unbiased jet deliveries to the (ex-post) actual historical and potentially biased distribution. We find that colonial ties to former colonial masters from Europe especially mattered until the early/mid-1970s when, triggered by the two oil price crises, pure economic motives gained more significance in informing procurement decisions.

Jambi City under the Dutch Colonial Era, 1906-1942

Jambi City under the Dutch Colonial Era, 1906-1942

Enhancing Thermal and Daylight Performance of Historic Buildings with Passive Modifications; A Tropical Case Study

Historical buildings worldwide hold immense potential for adaptive reuse within the framework of the circular economy, a concept gaining traction in the building construction industry for its role in reducing carbon emissions. Many of these structures boast passive building design strategies, which inherently lower energy demands. Among these, thermal mass and daylight harvesting emerge as pivotal strategies for achieving indoor thermal and visual comfort, respectively. However, with the advent of significant climate change and evolving built environments, the efficacy of these historical passive strategies is subject to debate. This study focuses on a residential building constructed in the 17th century by Dutch settlers in Galle, Sri Lanka, serving as a case study. The research targets improvements in both thermal and visual comfort. Thermal performance analysis was conducted through air temperature measurements, revealing a notable 3-hour time lag and a 2.5°C reduction in peak air temperature during the day. Conversely, nighttime measurements indicated a rise in indoor temperature compared to ambient conditions. Using Design Builder software, the building was modelled to assess its daylighting conditions. Drawing upon thermodynamic principles and daylight harvesting techniques, the study proposes building envelope interventions and ventilation strategies to address nighttime overheating and enhance daylight utilization. The results demonstrate that these modifications can potentially reduce nighttime heat by 2-3°C, while also decreasing the energy requirement for lighting comfort from 51.10 kWh/m² per annum to 44.84 kWh/m² per annum. This research showcases the effectiveness of judiciously implemented interventions in historical buildings, illustrating tangible improvements in both thermal/visual performance and energy efficiency. Leveraging inherent qualities of historical structures and integrating modern design strategies to these buildings can play a vital role in sustainable urban development and energy conservation efforts.

Reformasi Agraria dan Dampaknya terhadap Perekonomian Indonesia pada Era Orde Lama dan Orde Baru

Agrarian reform encompasses a series of government actions and policies designed to restructure the land system, aiming to enhance social justice, reduce land ownership inequality, increase agricultural productivity, and stimulate economic growth in the agricultural sector. These reforms typically involve transferring land from large owners to smaller farmers, improving the land ownership structure, and granting land to farmers. This study employs descriptive qualitative research. According to Lexi J. Moleong, qualitative research seeks to understand phenomena experienced by the subjects. Although agrarian reform in Indonesia began during Dutch colonialism, significant reforms were implemented during the Old Order and New Order eras, particularly through Law Number 5 of 1960, known as the Basic Agrarian Law (UUPA). This law established regulations related to agrarian principles during the Old Order period. The Old Order’s agrarian reform aimed to dismantle colonial capitalism and feudalism by nationalizing foreign companies and redistributing land. However, agrarian reform in Indonesia still faces numerous challenges that need to be addressed to ensure inclusive and sustainable economic growth.

Onesimus as a Brother: Implications of Christian-Islam Relations in Indonesia

Abstract The arrival and spread of Christianity along with the Dutch colonialism in Indonesia. This has an impact on the notion that Christianity is a colonial religion for “pribumi” Muslims in Indonesia. This article aims to offers the topic of Onesimus as Philemon’s brother in Paul’s letter to Philemon as a solution to conflict the religiousness between Christianity and Islam. The approach of this article is a postcolonial perspective, where building change from society tends to be positioned on the “two poles” or binary into a society that integrates with each other and rubs off between communities that are local, communal, and global simultaneously.

OBITUARY: Arnold Clemens Ap: His West Papuan legacy lives on

Arnold Clemens Ap was born on 1 July 1946 on Numfor Island in Biak, at the time, part of the Dutch colony of Netherlands New Guinea. After schooling at church missions in Biak, he studied geography at the Teacher Training School of Cenderawasih University in Abepura, Jayapura, between 1967 and 1973. That year, he was appointed as the curator of the university’s museum, known as Loka Budaya, which became a centre for West Papuan cultural revival. His work to collect and perform songs in Papuan languages played a vital role in the development of a West Papuan national identity, transcending colonial boundaries and inter-tribal conflicts. He was murdered by Indonesian special forces in 1984. This year, 26 April 2024, marked the 40th anniversary of the death of this charismatic cultural leader. For West Papuans, in exile and at home, it has been an important time for commemoration.

Ratio Legis Of The Principle Of Sovereignty In The Regulation Of Plantation Business As A Settlement Of Land Disputes/Conflicts

Plantation businesses have existed since the past, especially growing rapidly during the Dutch colonial era. The Dutch Colonial Government then made several laws and regulations regarding the regulation of land . Currently, plantations are under the umbrella of the Plantation Law and UUCK. In terms of Legis ratio, the inclusion of "the principle of sovereignty in the Plantation Law actually increases the legitimacy of Plantation Companies to take MHA Ulayat land by force and arbitrarily. The principle of sovereignty in the Plantation Law is not in line with the state's right to control all natural resources in Indonesia's territorial territory. Land disputes and conflicts leading to plantation land are an indirect implication of the Principle of Sovereignty, which is systematically formalized in the Plantation Law to strengthen the position of Plantation Companies, even though it reduces the sacred value of a nation and State, which is given through the principle of sovereignty to Plantation Companies

The Kingdom of Loloda: The Dynamics of Economic, Political, and Military in North Maluku During the Dutch Collonial Power (1817-1942)

This research was conducted based on the fact that the Loloda Kingdom had been lost in history since 1322. The remark that in that year, Loloda did not attend the meeting of the Maluku kings who succeeded in forming the Moti Alliance (&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Motir Verbond&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; [1322-1343]) which was initiated by the King of Ternate VII, Sida Arif Malamo (1322-1331). Since that year also Loloda, considered not part of the &amp;quot;world of Maluku&amp;quot;. Furthermore, &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;de jure&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;, during the VOC period (1627-1800), all Loloda was declared to have disappeared, because Ternate was annexed during the reign of Sultan Amir Hamzah (1627-1648). But &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;de facto&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;, the political structure of the Loloda kingdom actually still existed during that period in the Northwest Coast of Halmahera. The results showed that the cooperation between Ternate and the Dutch colonial government since 1817 through political contracts on the grounds of mutually beneficial cooperation and friendship, actually caused all of Loloda&amp;apos;s economic, political and military power to be weakened and taken over by Ternate to Dutch interests. Although Loloda was in the shadow of the power of Ternate and the Netherlands, the kingdom was still able to carry out its economic, political and military functions during the period 1817-1942, even though it was under the control of Ternate with the consent of the Dutch. This study aims to explain the existence of the presence of the Loloda Kingdom in the economic, political, and military dynamics that occurred in North Maluku until the collapse of the power of the Dutch Colonial Government in Indonesia in 1942. This study uses historical research methods, with the following stages: 1) tracing and collecting sources historical sources from literature, archives, field, and documentation (heuristics); 2) analysis and synthesis (criticism, verification, and validation of data; 3) interpretation of the results of analysis and data synthesis; and 4) writing history (historiography).

REOG BULKIYO DANCE: TRADITION AND HISTORICAL REPRESENTATION OF THE JAVA WAR

The Java War, often known as De Javasche Oorlog or Diponegoro War, was an event that had an impact on national and local history. The capture of Prince Diponegoro by the Dutch on March 28, 1830, resulted in many of his troops fleeing to remote areas to avoid Dutch capture. As a result of the escape they settled in an area, disguised as ordinary people. One of the places where Diponegoro's troops escaped was in Kemloko village, Nglegok sub-district, Blitar district. The mind of the soldiers who managed to escape had a work of art in the form of Reog Bulkiyo Dance. The purpose of this study was to determine the history of the formation of Reog Bulkiyo Dance, the characteristics of Reog Bulkiyo dance, the existence of Reog Bulkiyo dance. This research uses a historical method consisting of (1). Heuristics, (2). Criticism, (3). Interpretation, (4). Historiography. The approach is carried out using cultural anthropology and the theory of cultural forms according to Koentjaraningrat to understand the origin of the creation of Bulkiyo reog dance as a form of expression, a symbol of communication and humanity to fight Dutch colonialism. The results of this study show that there are several historical facts about the emergence of Bulkiyo Reog Dance in Kemloko Village, Nglegok Subdistrict, Blitar Regency. The characteristics of Bulkiyo reog dance are influenced by Javanese, Arabic and Chinese cultures, this can be seen from the attributes and equipment used, the existence of Bulkiyo reog dance is influenced by internal factors of the Genealogical Inheritance system, and external factors of support from the community, government, and academics.