Concrete Dust Research Articles

Red Brick Dust as a Partial Substitute to Cement in Conventional Concrete

In emerging countries like India, the government plans for mega-infrastructure projects for the development of the country. These projects involve construction of high-rise buildings and high-speed rail and road networks. These constructions require higher quantities of concrete, which is a combination of cement, fine and coarse aggregate. The manufacturing process of cement results in emission of CO2, a pollutant which causes serious health hazards to living beings. The adverse effects are not only limited to posing threat to living beings, but also result in depletion of natural resources which are used as key ingredients in manufacturing cement. This mandates the need to search for cement replacing materials which maintain the same strength or improve the strength of conventional concrete. Red brick Dust is a highly siliceous waste material which is available near brick kilns or while dismantling buildings. Improper handling of red brick dust causes silicosis disease in human beings, when inhaled. Hence there is a need to dispose it off safely. It is reported by various researchers that red brick dust when used as an additive in concrete, improved the strength and durability aspects. Hence, in the present study, it is aimed to improve the compressive strength of conventional concrete by substituting cement partially with red brick dust in conventional concrete. The study has revealed that upon substituting cement with red brick dust, the compressive strength of conventional concrete is increased by about 13%. The present study reveals that red brick dust can be effectively used as a partial substitute to cement in conventional concrete thereby addressing the adverse effects of cement manufacturing and health hazards of improper disposal of red brick dust.

Influence of the Amount of Ammonium Salts in Fly Ash on Concrete with Ternary Binders

The requirements for reducing nitrogen oxide emissions have led power and heating plants to installing reduction technologies such as the selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR). The paper deals with the influence of the amount of ammonium salts in fly ash from power plants where SNCR method is used on the properties of mortars with ternary binders. Portland cement is the main component of this ternary binder system. As other components, fly ash and lime or finely ground recycled concrete dust were used. The synergic effect of all three components helps us to get a higher initial strength. This is caused by the presence of calcium carbonate and aluminate ions in the system. The chemical and physical-mechanical properties of fly ash are presented; especially, the amount of ammonium salts in accordance with ČSN ISO 7150-1 and the specific surface area. On mortars, the activity index of compressive strength and workability was examined.

The Substitution of Fine Aggregate with Interlocking Material of Stone Quarry Dust in High Strength Concrete

Some of the parameters for improving the quality of concrete are the selection of its constituent materials and compaction process to increase the interlocking between materials. The selection of cubical agregate as fine agregate in the form of stone dust origin from quarry stone residue was chosen as a research object as it is suspected can increase the interlocking material due to its sharp edge. This study aimed to improve the interlocking between material in concrete so as to improve the compressive strength of high strength concrete. The research method is using the standard in SNI 03-6468-2000 (Pd T-18-1999-03) with water cement ratio of 0.3 and 25-50 mm planned slump. Sica viscrocrete – 10 and silica fume was added as additive. The percentage of sica viscrocrete – 10 and silica fume respectively is 1.5% and 10% from cement weight. Dust is used as the substitution of fine agregate. Compressive strength test in this study was performed using 30 cm height and 15 cm width concrete cylinder specimen at 7 and 28 days old. From the test, it was obtained that the compressive strength at 7 days is 53.14 MPa for concrete using natural sand and 52.04 Mpa for concrete using stone dust and at 28 days old is 68.19 MPa for concrete using natural sand and 82.52 MPa for concrete using stone dust. It can be concluded that stone dust as fine agregate substitution can boost more compressive strength of high strength concrete as it has a cubical and sharp plane edge which can help to increase the interlocking between material during the compressive strength test.

Strength and ductility type retrofit of soft-first-story RC frames through the steel-jacketed non-reinforced thick hybrid wall

In this paper, a new technique is proposed for retrofitting low-rise soft-first-story reinforced concrete buildings. The proposed retrofitting technique is called “Thick Hybrid Wall”. In this method, channel-shaped steel plates jacket boundary RC columns of a bare frame. The steel plates are extended to the bay of the frame through the additional steel plates connected together with the help of bolts. Then, additional concrete is cast in the provided steel formworks. To verify the efficiency of the proposed technique, one non-retrofitted specimen and four retrofitted specimens were tested under cyclic horizontal loading and constant axial forces. The observed experimental results determined that the thick hybrid walls not only increase the lateral strength and stiffness of the frames, but also considerably improve the lateral ductility. In addition to obtaining superior structural performance, the proposed method provides ease in construction at a building site, and minimizes the vibration, noise, and concrete dust of the retrofitting operation. The proposed method has the potential of significant reduction in construction costs of retrofitting existing buildings.

Environmental Cost-Benefit Analysis of Prefabricated Public Housing in Beijing

In recent years, prefabricated housing has become increasingly popular and widely promoted due to its potential to improve the construction environment, quality and productivity. To develop prefabricated housing and address housing challenges, the Chinese government is encouraging prefabricated public housing. Consequently, evaluating the environmental performance of prefabricated public housing to identify whether it is environmentally friendly and worthy of investment is urgently needed. This paper compares the costs and benefits of prefabricated public projects and traditional projects based on a questionnaire and field investigation. The paper introduces information from the collected questionnaires on the respondents and projects in Beijing; this information includes the prefabrication rate, technology application, barriers, and industrial performance. The paper also reports a cost-benefit analysis of the changing rates of construction costs and environmental benefits (energy consumption, water usage, construction waste, steel and concrete usage, dust and noise pollution) by using the ∆B/∆C ratio to show the efficiency of prefabricated housing. The results indicate that the ratio is 1.81, which exceeds 1; therefore, investment in prefabricated public housing is environmentally acceptable and efficient. This paper also discusses the efficiencies in different categories and structures with and without incentives. The results show that the costs are higher and the environmental benefits are efficient but not significant; thus, promoting prefabricated public housing is necessary.

Waste of granite dust utilization in ultra-light weight concrete

In the article possibility to utilize granite dust in production of ultra-light weight concrete (≤800 kg/m3) is researched. Granite dust is a by-product of crushed granite, has very fine particles and high surface area. Due to very fine particles and high surface area, applicability of granite dust in concrete is limited. Mainly because granite dust increases W/C ratios and thus mechanical and durability properties tends to decrease. Ultra-light weight concrete, usually has very high W/C ratios, therefore in this type of concrete utilization of granite dust has favourable opportunity. In the research ultra-light weight concrete based on aluminium powder was created. Main mechanical and microstructure properties were researched and thermal conductivity coefficient was calculated. During experiment ultra-light weight concrete with 700 kg/m3 and up to 3.33 MPa was created. According to the experiment results, waste of granite dust can be properly utilised in production of ultra-light weight concrete blocks suited for one or two storages individual houses.

Compressive strength evaluation of circular tubular short columns with locally corroded ends

When structural steel members are in contact with horizontal members, such as concrete slabs, dust and moisture easily accumulate at their junction. This can induce local corrosion at their ends, and consequently, reduce their compressive strengths. In this study, compressive tests were conducted on circular tubular short columns to examine the change in compressive strength with local corrosion at the ends of the columns. The columns were fabricated to have corrosion levels of various depths, heights, and circumferences. As a result, local buckling occurred near the column ends. Moreover, residual compressive strengths linearly decreased as the corroded depth, height, and circumference increased. An evaluation method using the effective volume was proposed to assess the residual critical compressive strengths of circular tubular short columns with locally corroded ends.

Effect on Marshall Properties of Bituminous Mixes using Brick Dust and Concrete Dust as Filler

Effect on Marshall Properties of Bituminous Mixes using Brick Dust and Concrete Dust as Filler

Retraction Notice: Steel Plastic Geogrid Performance Testing and its Application in the Reduction of Spring Back of Shotcrete

In order to solve the problems of high springback of sprayed concrete and high dust concentration in the bolt- netting support of underground engineering, research the mechanical properties of steel plastic geogrid and analyze the application of steel plastic geogrid replacing the metal net in the reduction of concrete through theoretical study, labora- tory test, field test and contrast analysis, thus got the conclusion that: (1) Through the analysis of influence factors of the springback of surrounding rock supporting sprayed concrete, classification is carried on with the sampling survey method. The interaction between the metal net and concrete is the main factor to influence the springback of the concrete. (2) Study the performance differences of the steel plastic geogrid and the metal net. With the advantages of tensile strength, strong durability and injection connection, steel plastic geogrid has stronger applicability, safety and stability in adjusting the stress of the surrounding rock of the roadway and coordinating its deformation. (3)Through the tensile test and the de- flection test, study the relationship between the tensile strength and external load under different aperture, thus establish the relation curve between the maximum deflection and load. (4) Through the roadway engineering construction and the analysis of the data of the field test, steel plastic geogrid can greatly reduce the springback of sprayed concrete which can guide the design and construction of underground bolt-netting support engineering.

Comparison of physical and mechanical properties of river sand concrete with quarry dust concrete

Abstract This study compared the physical and mechanical properties of river sand concrete with quarry dust concrete. The constituent materials were batched by weight. The water-cement ratio and mix ratio selected for the experimental investigation were 0.55 and 1:2:4, respectively. The specimens were cured for 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. Slump, density and compressive strength tests were carried out. The results showed that river sand concrete had greater density and compressive strength than quarry dust concrete for all curing ages. At 28 days of curing, river sand concrete exceeded the target compressive strength by 36%, whereas quarry dust concrete was less than the target compressive strength by 12%. Both river sand concrete and quarry dust concrete for the selected water/cement ratio and mix ratio are suitable for non-structural applications and lightly-loaded members where high strength is not a prerequisite.

Mobile phones as monitors of personal exposure to air pollution: Is this the future?

Mobile phones have a large spectrum of applications, aiding in risk prevention and improving health and wellbeing of their owners. So far, however, they have not been used for direct assessment of personal exposure to air pollution. In this study, we comprehensively evaluated the first, and the only available, mobile phone—BROAD Life—equipped with air pollution sensors (PM2.5 and VOC), to answer the question whether this technology is a viable option in the quest of reducing the burden of disease to air pollution. We tested its performance, applicability and suitability for the purpose by subjecting it to varied concentrations of different types of aerosol particles (cigarette smoke, petrol exhaust and concrete dust) and formaldehyde under controlled laboratory conditions, as well as to ambient particles during field measurements. Six reference instruments were used in the study: AEROTRAK Optical Particle Counter (OPC model number 9306), DustTrak, Aerodynamic Particle Counter (APS), Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS), Tapered Element Oscillating Microbalance (TEOM) and Formaldehyde Analyser. Overall, we found that the phone’s response was linear at higher particle number concentrations in the chamber, above 5 and 10 μg m-3, for combustion and concrete dust particles, respectively, and for higher formaldehyde concentrations, making it potentially suitable for applications in polluted environments. At lower ambient concentrations of particles around 10 ug m-3 and 20 μg m-3 for PM2.5 and PM10, respectively, the phone’s response was below its noise level, suggesting that it is not suitable for ambient monitoring under relatively clean urban conditions. This mobile phone has a number of limitations that may hinder its use in personal exposure and for continuous monitoring. Despite these limitations, it may be used for comparative assessments, for example when comparing outcomes of intervention measures or local impacts of air pollution sources. It should be kept in mind, however, that a mobile phone measuring air quality alone cannot as such 'reduce the burden of disease to air pollution, as knowing ambient concentrations is only one of the building block in this quest. As long as individuals cannot avoid exposure e.g. in urban areas, knowing concentrations is not sufficient to reduce potential adverse effects. Yet, there are many situations and microenvironments, which individuals could avoid knowing the concentrations and also being aware of the risk caused by exposure to them. This includes for example to proximity to vehicle emissions, either for social purposes (e.g. street cafes) or exercising (e.g. walking or jogging along busy roads)or indoor environments affected by combustion emissions (smoking, candle burning, open fire).

An Experimental Study on Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregate As a Quarry Dust In Concrete

An Experimental Study on Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregate As a Quarry Dust In Concrete

A study on properties and effects of copper slag and marble dust in concrete

Marble dust is the by-product from marble cutting method. The aim of this paper is to seek out the possibility of using marble dust along with the copper slag as a partial replacement to fine aggregate in concrete. Marble dust was employed in mixes containing copper slag as partial substitute to sand in quantities starting from 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, and 50%. The hardened properties of concrete were checked for 7, 28, 56 and 112 days. Results show that up to 60% replacement of marble dust and copper slag to fine aggregate, there is an increase in compressive strength. Also, split tensile strength, flexure, density and modulus of elasticity show an increase in strength at 60% replacement. Permeability, on the other hand, goes on decreasing up to 60% replacement and increases beyond 60% replacement of marble dust and copper slag. These findings of the analysis state that marble dust will be used as the possible replacement material to sand to provide high strength copper slag concrete.

A study on properties and effects of copper slag and marble dust in concrete

Marble dust is the by-product from marble cutting method. The aim of this paper is to seek out the possibility of using marble dust along with the copper slag as a partial replacement to fine aggregate in concrete. Marble dust was employed in mixes containing copper slag as partial substitute to sand in quantities starting from 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, and 50%. The hardened properties of concrete were checked for 7, 28, 56 and 112 days. Results show that up to 60% replacement of marble dust and copper slag to fine aggregate, there is an increase in compressive strength. Also, split tensile strength, flexure, density and modulus of elasticity show an increase in strength at 60% replacement. Permeability, on the other hand, goes on decreasing up to 60% replacement and increases beyond 60% replacement of marble dust and copper slag. These findings of the analysis state that marble dust will be used as the possible replacement material to sand to provide high strength copper slag concrete.

An experimental study on the development and verification of NCC(new concrete cutting) system

This paper introduces the development process of NCC(New Concrete Cutting) system and analyzes first verification test. Based on the first verification test results, some problems of NCC system have been newly modified. We carry out the second verification test. We tried to verify cutting performance and dust control efficiency of NCC system through the cutting test of concrete bridge piers. In particular, this verification test strives to solve the problem of concrete dust, which is the biggest problem of dry cutting method. The remaining dust problems in cutting section tried to solve through this verification test. This verification test of the NCC system shows that the dust problem of dry cutting method is closely controlled and solved. In conclusion, the proposed NCC method is superior to the dry cutting method in all aspects, including cutting performance, dust vacuum efficiency and cooling effect. The proposed NCC system is believed to be able to provide eco-friendly cutting technology to various industries, such as the removal of the SOC structures and the dismantling of nuclear plants, which have recently become a hot issue in the field of concrete cutting.

Study on Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregate by Quarry Rock Dust in High Volume Flyash Concrete

Study on Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregate by Quarry Rock Dust in High Volume Flyash Concrete

Investigation of adding cement kiln dust (CKD) in ordinary and lightweight concrete

Cement kiln dust (CKD) is one of the most important waste materials in the cement industry. The large amount of this material, has encouraged researchers to propose new ways to recycle and reuse it. In this paper, effects of adding cement kiln dust to the ordinary Portland cement, on the physical and mechanical properties of ordinary and lightweight concrete were investigated. Results showed that concrete containing CKD, presents lower workability and modulus of elasticity; however, improvements in strength was observed by adding particular amounts of CKD. Eventually, it was found that adding 10% of cement weight CKD is the appropriate percentage for utilizing in manufacturing ordinary and lightweight concrete.

The Effect of Quarry Dust Concrete and Underlying Sub-Soil Medium on the Structural Performance of Dwelling House Ground Floors

The Effect of Quarry Dust Concrete and Underlying Sub-Soil Medium on the Structural Performance of Dwelling House Ground Floors

Effect of Simultaneous Replacement of Cement with Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) and Sand with Quarry Dust in Concrete

Effect of Simultaneous Replacement of Cement with Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) and Sand with Quarry Dust in Concrete

Influence of recycled concrete dust on the properties of self-compacting concrete (SCC)

According to tests results we can conclude that it is possible to reduce cement amount in the concrete up to 30 % by changing it with recycled concrete dust. The best results may be achieved reducing 10 % cement amount by non-grinded and grinded concrete dust. In this case concrete compressive strength is even higher in comparison with control composition. Using 10 % of concrete dust leads to lower exothermic temperatures in cement stone and lower relative shrinkage deformations. It is possible to presume, that cement replacement by concrete dust with 10 % may even improve concrete mechanical and longevity properties and dust usage even up to 30 % does no damage to these properties. It could be environmentally attractive technology which could save money by reducing natural resources demand.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.sace.17.4.16456