Concrete Dust Research Articles

Water Absorption of Incorporating Sustainable Quarry Dust in Self-Compacting Concrete

In construction industry nowadays, self-compacting concrete (SCC) is a concrete technology innovation which gives more benefits over conventional concrete. SCC was invented to improve concrete durability without using any vibrator while placing it into formwork. In order to conserve natural sand, quarry dust (QD) as a waste and sustainable material has been incorporated to replace fine aggregate in SCC. In this study, conventional concrete and quarry dust in self-compacting concrete (QDSCC) mixes consist of 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% QD were prepared. The workability test was conducted to determine the performance of fresh concrete and ensuring all the QDSCC properties follow the acceptance criteria for SCC. Meanwhile, the hardened concrete specimens were water cured for 7, 28 and 60 days to conduct water absorption test. This research aim is to determine water absorption of incorporating sustainable QDSCC. Thus, it resulted that 50% of QDSCC has achieved the lowest water absorption of QDSCC as compared to other dosages. Finally, sustainability in concrete technology can be promoted by incorporating QDSCC.

Waste from stone industry as a cement replacement towards a reduced carbon footprint of concrete

Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC) is a unique kind of concrete that tends to consolidate in terms of its weight. In this study, the prime target is to investigate the durability properties of SCC developed using eco-friendly economical waste binding materials as partial replacement to costly cement. This circular economy concept will not only help in the development of green concrete but will also help to improve the climatic condition by reducing the use and production of cement. An economical design methodology has been applied to produce environmentally friendly construction material. This research focuses on the application of Alum Sludge (AS) and Brick Dust (BD) in Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC). Both materials are waste materials containing binding properties. Performance of SCC developed using these two materials was tested considering mechanical properties of concrete using the destructive testing technique. Results showed that BD and AS can be utilized for up to 12% and 9% of ...

Brick and Glass Concrete

Abstract: Glass is widely used in our lives through manufactured products such as sheet glass, bottles, glassware, and vacuum tubing. Glass is an ideal material for recycling. The use of recycled glass helps in energy saving. The recycled glass has significant contributions to the construction field for concrete production. The application of glass in architectural concrete still needs improvement. Many experiments were conducted to explore the use of waste glass as coarse and fine aggregates for both ASR (Alkali-Silica-Reaction) in concrete. The accumulation and management of construction and demolition waste, which increases along with the continuous spreading of urbanization and industrialization. Construction and demolition waste can be recycled and used as a raw material for new applications. Recycled brick aggregates recovered from demolished masonry structures can be utilized in the manufacture of new concrete mixtures. Hence, partial replacement of fine aggregate by the other compatible material like sintered fly ash, crushed rock dust, quarry dust, glass powder, recycled concrete dust, and others are being researched from the past two decades to conserve the ecological balance. additional plasticizers have been used for this project for improving their workability. In this project experimental studies on the concrete of M20 grade with partial replacement of fine aggregates by crushed brick powder (replacement by 5%, 10%, 15%,20%,30%) and crushed glass powder (replacement by 5%, 10%, 15%). The compressive strength of M20 grades of concrete at different days (3 days 7 days, 28 days) has been determined along with the measurements of workability in the slump test. The trial cubes were cast and tested at different stages. When fine aggregates are replaced by 30% crushed brick powder. The decrease in strength at the end of 28 days was found to be ranging from 22.2% and 9.81%. when fine aggregates are replaced by 20% crushed glass powder, decrease in the targeted strength at the end of 28 days was found to be ranging between 3.0%and 8.6%. The slump value was found to be decreasing in the case of crushed brick powder, while it was found increasing substantially in the case of glass of glass powder. A combination of both alternatives i.e., brick powder (20%) and glass powder (15%) were also studied and it was found that the compressive strength at the end of 28 days for M20 grade of concrete is 96.13%. Keywords: Glass powder, brick powder, workability, fine aggregate; ASR (Alkali-Silica Reaction); Compressive strength

Characterization and Hazard Identification of Respirable Cement and Concrete Dust from Construction Activities.

Construction is an important segment of the economy that employs millions of people. Construction dust is an occupational health hazard to millions of construction workers worldwide. The hazards associated with respirable dust depend upon its particulate size distribution and chemical composition, as these determine the deposition pattern in the respiratory tract and reactivity, respectively. This study presents characterization of the size and composition of the dust from two key construction materials—cast cement and poured concrete. The dust was generated by cutting the cured cement and concrete blocks using an 18” hand-held circular saw as used in highway and building construction. Transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, and laser diffraction were performed for the size analysis of the particles. Energy dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used for chemical analysis. X-ray diffraction was used for phase identification. Electron diffraction patterns were obtained to assess the crystallinity of individual particles. They confirm the crystallinity of particles of different size and shapes. With a particle size range between 0.5 μm and 10 μm, greater than 90% of particles fell below 2.5 μm, presenting a respirable health concern. Crystalline compounds including the metals Al, Ca, Fe, Mg, Na, and K were detected. The concrete particles were most enriched in crystalline silica with a concentration of more than 30% by weight. The presence of metals and high crystalline silica content pose a serious health concern to construction workers.

Utilization of Self-Consolidated Green Material for Sustainable Development: An Environment Friendly Waste Materials Application for Circular Economy.

Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC) is a unique kind of concrete that tends to consolidate in terms of its weight. In this study, the prime target is to investigate the durability properties of SCC developed using eco-friendly economical waste binding materials as partial replacement to costly cement. This circular economy concept will not only help in the development of green concrete but will also help to improve the climatic condition by reducing the use and production of cement. An economical design methodology has been applied to produce environmentally friendly construction material. This research focuses on the application of Alum Sludge (AS) and Brick Dust (BD) in Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC). Both materials are waste materials containing binding properties. Performance of SCC developed using these two materials was tested considering mechanical properties of concrete using the destructive testing technique. Results showed that BD and AS can be utilized for up to 12% and 9% of replacement of cement, respectively, to achieve equal or higher compressive, tensile, and flexural strength. The application of BD and AS has demonstrated a subsequent improvement of SCC’s mechanical properties, i.e., compressive, tensile, and flexural strength. This study will help the production of composite green materials with the help of eco-friendly and economical waste materials for sustainable infrastructure development.

Utilization of Marble Wastes in Clay Bricks: A Step towards Lightweight Energy Efficient Construction Materials

Marble dust is one of the hazardous byproducts of marble-processing factories and requires planned disposal. Its beneficial use as a construction material will add to the sustainability, and most importantly, might overcome the burden of marble waste disposal. However, the use of marble dust in concrete has a negative impact. Therefore, this research examines various properties related to the utilization of such material in ceramic clay, and therefore its effects on the use of clay bricks are investigated. The research activity covers the categorization of marble dust powder from three different sources: Ziarat in Mohmand Agency, Buneer, and Mullagori (Pakistan). Its utilization in different proportions preparation of bricks is also addressed. Through the partial replacement of clay with marble dust from 0 to 30% by weight with amplification of 5%, seven mix designs are examined. The test result includes Bulk density, water absorption, porosity, thermal insulation, and strength. The partial replacement of clay with marble dust reduced its weight, strength and increased its porosity, water absorption, and thermal insulation. Furthermore, the utilization of marble powder in bricks minimizes soil erosion and reduces pollution to the environment. Doi: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091738 Full Text: PDF

Partial Replacement of Sand by Crusher Dust and Mild Steel Scrap in Concrete

Abstract: This research focuses on studying the effect of Mild Steel Scrap and Crusher Dust on the Properties of Concrete Mixes as a partial replacement of Sand. The trend of mixing several kinds of additional materials such as Glass powder, plastic, Quarry dust, Copper slag, Steel scrap, in building engineering is now growing. Consumption of Crusher dust and Mild steel scrap are one of the lively research area that include the effectiveness of replacement in all the aspects of construction materials. It is very significant to develop eco-friendly concrete from ceramic waste. This Research deals with the experimental study on the mechanical strength properties of M20 grade concrete with the partial replacement of fine aggregate by using crusher dust and mild Steel Scrap. In order to analyze the mechanical properties such as Compressive Strength, Spilt tensile strength, and Workability the samples were casted with mild steel scrap having constant proportion of 5% and crusher dust having 10%, 15% ,20% 25%, 30%, 35%, 40% partial replacement. In second category sand has been partially replaced by mild steel scrap proportion of 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35% and crusher dust by 20%, 25%, 30% 35% at a different periods of curing 7 days, and 28 days. The optimal of percentage addition of Crusher dust and Mild steel scrap are analyzed considering the needs of mechanical properties of concrete. Keywords: Crusher Dust, Mild Steel Scrap, Compressive Strength, Spilt tensile Strength, Mechanical properties,

Physical and mechanical characterization of sand replaced stone dust concrete

In this research work, physical, chemical, morphological, and mechanical behavior as partial replacement of fine aggregate in concrete. Stone dust was acquired from three different sources i.e. Nowshera, Dara, and Besai, while concrete was kept at a ratio of 1:2:4 and water to cement ratio at 0.5 as per ASTM standards for considerable workability. The compressive strength, ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), its correlation, density, durability test, x-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis, and Scanning electron microscopy was carried out. Compressive strength at curing ages of 7, 14, and 28 days with 20%, 30%, and 40% replacement of sand was incorporated in concrete. The results indicated a slight increase in compressive strength at 20% replacement level for the Besai Concrete (BC), Nowshera Concrete (NC), and Dara Concrete (DC). For durability analysis; Rapid Chloride Permeability Test (RCPT) carried out on hardened stone dust-based concrete shows that with the addition of stone dust the voids between fine and coarse aggregates are filled up, less charge will pass, and ultimately durability is increased as per ASTM C 1202. The chemical composition of the stone dust samples, through XRF analysis, indicated that Silica dioxide (SiO2) compounds present in (NC), (DC), and (BC) were 13.34%, 12.339% & 11.593% respectively. The maximum compressive strength development in NC was possibly due to the presence of SiO2 compound in excess quantity in Nowshera stone dust as compared to other samples tested. Hence it can be recommended that locally available stone dust in Peshawar and its surrounding are suitable for a maximum of 40% replacement level.

Replacement of Sand by Quarry Dust in Concrete

The role of quarry dust in the construction of building and other structures to eliminate the demand of nature sand by using quarry waste to replace the use of natural sand. We are investigating the potential of using quarry waste and its effect on the strength and workability of concrete. Initially cement concrete cube was studied with various proportion of cement concrete +quarry dust (M20 & M25). The experimental result showed that the additional of quarry dust as fine aggregate ratio of 30%, 40% and 50% was found to enhance the compressive properties. The compressive strength of concrete cubes at the age of 7 and 28 days were obtained at room temperature. These raw materials of concrete, i.e., river sand and gravel, are also struggling to cope with the rapidly growing demand in many areas around the globe. The sources of good quality river sand and gravel are depleting very fast. According to United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) report, “Sand-rarer than one thinks”, published in March2014, sand and gravel has now become the most widely used natural resource on the planet after water. These are now being extracted at a rate far greater than their renewal. Crushed sands, fine aggregate produced from stone crushing, has become very popular in areas where natural sand is not abundantly available or where there is scarcity in the supply of natural sand. The Mumbai-Pune express highway was a project, where there is a difficulty in procurement of natural sand. This made the construction company to use crushed sand for making approximately 20 lakh cum of concrete necessary for the construction. However, such type of sands contains a large amount of micro-fines, i.e., particles finer than 75 microns, which can have an adverse effect on properties of concrete. So proportioning of different raw materials at the time of mix design is very important, when crushed sand is used in concrete The availability of sand at low cost as a fine aggregate in concrete is not suitable and that is the reason to search for an alternative material. Quarry dust satisfies the reason behind the alternative material as a substitute for sand at very low costIt is found that 40% replacement of fine aggregate by quarry dust gives maximum result in strength than normal concrete and then decreases from 50%. The compressive strength is quantified for varying percentage and grades of concrete by replacement of sand with quarry dust.

Comparative Analysis of Engineering Properties of Indus River Sand Concrete with Quarry Dust Concrete, District Jamshoro Sindh Pakistan

This study shows the comparative analysis engineering, the physical and mechanical properties of river sand concrete with quarry dust concrete. The selected materials were batched by weight and volume. The water-cement ratio opted as 0.50 1:2:4 for mix ratio was selected for the experimental investigation respectively. The specimens were cured for 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. For the purpose Slump, density, and compressive strength tests were carried out. The river sand concrete showed better results and greater density and compressive strength than quarry dust concrete for all curing ages. The 28 days of curing, river sand concrete rise the required compressive strength by 36%, whereas quarry dust concrete was less than the limit compressive strength by 12%. Both river sand concrete and quarry dust concrete for the selected water/cement ratio and mix ratio has been found suitable for non-structural applications and lightly-loaded members where high strength is not a prerequisite. Keywords: River Sand; Quarry Dust; Density; Compressive Strength; Concrete

Comparative Analysis of Engineering Properties of Indus River Sand Concrete with Quarry Dust Concrete, District Jamshoro Sindh Pakistan

Comparative Analysis of Engineering Properties of Indus River Sand Concrete with Quarry Dust Concrete, District Jamshoro Sindh Pakistan

Global CO<sub>2</sub> uptake by cement from 1930 to 2019

Abstract. Because of the alkaline nature and high calcium content of cements in general, they serve as a CO2-absorbing agent through carbonation processes, resembling silicate weathering in nature. This carbon uptake capacity of cements could abate some of the CO2 emitted during their production. Given the scale of cement production worldwide (4.10 Gt in 2019), a life-cycle assessment is necessary to determine the actual net carbon impacts of this industry. We adopted a comprehensive analytical model to estimate the amount of CO2 that had been absorbed from 1930 to 2019 in four types of cement materials, including concrete, mortar, construction waste, and cement kiln dust (CKD). In addition, the process CO2 emission during the same period based on the same datasets was also estimated. The results show that 21.02 Gt CO2 (95 % confidence interval, CI: 18.01–24.41 Gt CO2) had been absorbed in the cements produced from 1930 to 2019, with the 2019 annual figure mounting up to 0.89 Gt CO2 yr−1 (95 % CI: 0.76–1.06 Gt CO2). The cumulative uptake is equivalent to approximately 55 % of the process emission based on our estimation. In particular, China's dominant position in cement production or consumption in recent decades also gives rise to its uptake being the greatest, with a cumulative sink of 6.21 Gt CO2 (95 % CI: 4.59–8.32 Gt CO2) since 1930. Among the four types of cement materials, mortar is estimated to be the greatest contributor (approximately 59 %) to the total uptake. Potentially, our cement emission and uptake estimation system can be updated annually and modified when necessary for future low-carbon transitions in the cement industry. All the data described in this study, including the Monte Carlo uncertainty analysis results, are accessible at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4459729 (Wang et al., 2021).

Comparative Analysis of Engineering Properties of Indus River Sand Concrete with Quarry Dust Concrete, District Jamshoro Sindh Pakistan

Comparative Analysis of Engineering Properties of Indus River Sand Concrete with Quarry Dust Concrete, District Jamshoro Sindh Pakistan

Influence of Highway Pavement on Metals in Road Dust: a Case Study in Houston, Texas

The elemental analysis of road dust can be used to determine the contribution of traffic-related metal emissions to the local environment. Previous studies have shown that brake wear, tire wear, and lead wheel weights release significant amounts of metals that lead to decreased biodiversity and degradation of urban streams. Highway pavement has not previously been considered as a source of metal inputs into the environment. To determine the extent that highway pavement contributes to metal loads in the local environment, road dust and pavement samples were collected for both asphalt and concrete pavement types on State Highway 59 in Houston, TX, USA. Samples were analyzed by ICP-MS to quantitate 9 metals: aluminum (Al), iron (Fe), vanadium (V), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and lead (Pb). A chemical mass balance receptor model that is commonly used for source apportionment of air pollution was applied to heavy metals in road dust, with brake dust, tire wear, wheel weights, and pavement materials as the emission sources. Pavement is shown to be the primary source of V, Cr, Ni, and Co in road dust, regardless of asphalt or concrete pavement type. Lead concentration in road dust is influenced by pavement type, with concrete pavement contributing approximately 45% of total lead in concrete road dust, while asphalt pavement only contributes 27% of total lead in asphalt road dust. Fly ash is the likely component of concrete pavement responsible for the higher contribution of Pb. An enrichment factor analysis indicates that Cr, Co, and V have low levels of enrichment compared to Cu, Zn, Pb, and Ni, indicating that pavement wear is generally a minor source of environmental metal contamination compared to brake and tire wear. Currently, brake and tire wear are the non-exhaust vehicle emissions of greatest concern; however, alternatives to fly ash should be considered to further reduce Pb and Ni concentrations in the environment.

Comparative Analysis of Engineering Properties of Indus River Sand Concrete with Quarry Dust Concrete, District Jamshoro Sindh Pakistan

This study shows the comparative analysis engineering, the physical and mechanical properties of river sand concrete with quarry dust concrete. The selected materials were batched by weight and volume. The water-cement ratio was opted as 0.50 1:2:4 for mix ratio was selected for the experimental investigation respectively. The specimens were cured for 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. For the purpose Slump, density and compressive strength tests were carried out. The river sand concrete showed better results and greater density and compressive strength than quarry dust concrete for all curing ages. The 28 days of curing, river sand concrete rise the required compressive strength by 36%, whereas quarry dust concrete was less than the limit compressive strength by 12%. Both river sand concrete and quarry dust concrete for the selected water/cement ratio and mix ratio have been found suitable for non-structural applications and lightly-loaded members where high strength is not a prerequisite.

Evaluation of engineering, economic and environmental suitability of waste filler incorporated asphalt mixes and pavements

This study investigated the engineering, economic, and environmental feasibility of asphalt mixes containing brick dust (BD), recycled concrete aggregate dust (CD), limestone slurry dust (LD), rice straw ash (RSA), glass powder (GP), carbide lime (CL), and copper tailing (CT). The performance of asphalt mixes containing various wastes was evaluated against rutting, cracking and moisture sensitivity, and their comparison was made with the conventional mix containing stone dust (SD) filler. Subsequently, the asphalt pavements utilizing the aforesaid mixes as surface course were designed and their material cost and global warming potential (GWP) were analysed. In general, the waste fillers form superior performing mixes at relatively lower cost than conventional SD fillers. The LD and RSA emerged as the best and worst performing filler, respectively. The construction of single km of asphalt pavement made with LD-incorporated mixes found to have 11% lower cost, 11% lower GWP, and 75 ton less aggregates.

Research on Dust Generation Mechanism and Dust Reduction of Tidal Shotcrete in Underground Coal Mine

Through the research on the source and mechanism of the dust generated by the tidal shotcrete in coal mine, and the inevitability analysis of the tidal shot from the aspect of construction technology, the main influencing factors of the dust are summarized, and the tidal shot,which is The direction of concrete dust reduction and related measures.

Study with Cement Replacement by Marble Dust in Concrete for Rigid Pavement

Study with Cement Replacement by Marble Dust in Concrete for Rigid Pavement

Potential utilization of construction wastes in asphalt pavements as fillers using ranking framework

This study explored the potential of four construction wastes namely brick dust (BD), concrete dust (CD), glass powder (GP), and limestone dust (LD) as fillers in asphalt concrete mixes using a decision-based ranking framework. The asphalt concrete mixes containing aforesaid fillers were designed and their optimum asphalt content and effective filler-binder ratios were assessed. The mastics corresponding to the estimated filler-binder ratio were prepared and their viscoelastic properties, as well as resistance against fatigue and rutting resistance, were analyzed. Asphalt concrete mixes containing waste fillers were also assessed against cracking, moisture permeation, and rutting. Additionally, the economic benefits and environmental viability of various wasted were also compared. The aptness of fillers was evaluated using a ranking methodology; in which suitable weightage is given to different test results, based on possible conditions on the field by the decision-makers. Asphalt mix containing fine fillers (LD, CD, and GP) exhibited superior resistance against rutting as well as cracking resistance. Asphalt mixes containing CD and LD displayed better moisture resistance due to the calcium-based minerals in them. Mixes containing LD and BD fillers were found to be more economical and environmentally friendly than conventional stone dust mixes. Based on the suggested ranking methodology, LD and GP emerged as the best and poor performing fillers respectively.

Compressive behaviour of stone dust concrete composite columns confined with bamboo plywood and thin-walled steel-tube systems

A novel bamboo plywood and thin-walled steel-tube dual-confined stone dust concrete composite column (BSDCC) is proposed to integrate the utilization of industrial solid waste and bamboo materials. Compression tests are performed on 12 BSDCC specimens. The failure mechanism is elucidated by analysing the entire process of specimen damage, the failure modes of the thin-walled steel tubes, the load-displacement curves, and the strain development patterns of different composite components. The test results show that the failure modes of the BSDCC specimens under compression were dominated by adhesive cracking failure of the bamboo plywood between the transverse binding bars in the middle of the column and the bamboo plywood on the tension side and yielding of the inner steel tube. Throughout the loading process, the specimens showed ideal elastoplastic behaviour, but the plastic capacity was not advantageous, and the plastic strengthening effect was not obvious. The bearing capacity of the stone dust concrete accounts for less than 10% of the total bearing capacity of the composite column, so the concrete strength is not the main factor improving the bearing capacity. The inner steel tube filled-with low-strength stone dust concrete can result in a composite column configuration with better mechanical properties, changes the failure mode of the composite column and the deformation mode of a cross-section, and delays the overall failure of the composite column. The setting of binding bars can effectively delay the bamboo plywood failure, and the outward partial buckling of the slab and steel tube enhances the restraint effect of the steel tube on the core concrete. Setting the binding bar in the middle of the column body can improve the column eccentric load bearing capacity and ductility. A formula for calculating the bearing capacity of BSDCCs under eccentric compression is established based on nonlinear regression analysis.