Concrete Dust Research Articles

The oxidative stress-dependent pulmonary inflammation of inhalable multi-walled carbon nanotube-containing nano-concrete dust and its comparison with conventional concrete dust and DQ12

Nano-concrete, which is an admixture of nanomaterials in concrete recipes, has been investigated to overcome the limitations of existing concrete, such as its stability and strength. However, there is no information on the human health effects of broken-down dust released during the construction and demolition efforts. In this study, we prepared an inhalable fraction of multi-walled carbon nanotube-containing nano-concrete dust and performed comparative toxicity studies with conventional concrete dust and DQ12 using a rat intratracheal instillation model. Although the recipes for concrete and nano-concrete are entirely different, the pulverized dust samples showed similar physicochemical properties, such as 0.46–0.48 µm diameter and chemical composition. Both concrete and nano-concrete dust exhibited similar patterns and magnitudes, representing acute neutrophilic inflammation and chronic active inflammation with lymphocyte infiltration. The toxicity endpoints of the tested particles at both time points showed an excellent correlation with the reactive oxygen species levels released from the alveolar macrophages, highlighting that alveolar macrophages are the primary target cells and that the oxidative stress paradigm is the main toxicity mechanism of the tested particles. In addition, the toxicity potentials of both concrete and nano-concrete dust were more than 10 times lower than that of DQ12.

Assessment of Uranium and Thorium Co-contaminant Exposure from Incidental Concrete Dust Ingestion

Assessment of Uranium and Thorium Co-contaminant Exposure from Incidental Concrete Dust Ingestion

Occupational particle exposure and chronic kidney disease: a cohort study in Swedish construction workers

ObjectivesIncreasing epidemiological and experimental evidence suggests that particle exposure is an environmental risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, only a few case–control studies have investigated this association in...

An Experimental Study On M20 Grade Concrete With Replacement Of Stone Cutting Powder In Cement

This experiment investigates the feasibility of replacing cement with stone cutting dust in M20 grade concrete. This study aims to understand the details of varying proportions of stone cutting powder on the workability, compressive strength, and flexural strength of the concrete mix. On the other hand, disposal of stone cutting powder is generated from stone cuttings and it is becoming a problem to environment even there is no chance of growth of plants. So, the cutting powder will be used as replacement material in cement by 10%, 20% and 30%. The aim of this study is to find the maximum content of stone cutting powder by partial replacement of cement. The study of workability and durability properties of M20 grade concrete with replacement of stone cutting powder is achieved at 10% of replacement with good results. Additionally, it also assess the economic viability and environmental impact of this substitution and. Through a systematic experimentation, the study aims to identify the optimal percentage of stone cutting powder replacement that balances performance and sustainability in M20 concrete.

Study on carbonation of low strength concrete made of brick aggregate

In urban and industrial settings, one of the most prevalent durability challenges faced by reinforced concrete (RC) structures is the corrosion of steel reinforcement due to carbonation. While numerous studies have explored the characteristics of stone aggregate concrete concerning carbonation-induced corrosion of reinforcement, there is limited research on concrete made with brick aggregates. As a result, an investigation into the impact of carbonation on pre-existing reinforced concrete structures utilizing brick aggregates has been undertaken, and its findings have been compared with existing research. Within this study, a total of 84 concrete core samples, with diameters measuring 67 mm and 50 mm, were extracted from selected structural components of four pre-existing reinforced concrete structures utilizing brick aggregates, which ranged in age from 17 to 73 years. The collection of core samples and their testing procedures adhered to the relevant ASTM methods. Furthermore, carbonation depths were assessed in accordance with BS standards using phenolphthalein solution. Additionally, 24 concrete dust samples were gathered from the same locations to establish correlations with the core sample results. The experimental outcomes revealed a direct relationship between carbonation depth and concrete age, indicating that carbonation depth increases with concrete age. This study also demonstrated that the rate of carbonation is influenced by the concrete's grade, with an inverse relationship between them. Therefore, it is crucial to consider carbonation in scenarios involving low-strength concrete, particularly those with compressive strengths below 25 MPa, when the concrete is exposed to harsh environmental conditions and inadequate concrete cover. Consequently, when constructing new structures, employing relatively high-strength concrete is advisable to ensure extended service life by mitigating the effects of carbonation.

Partial Substitution of Cement and Fine Aggregate with Waste Paper Sludge Powder and Quarry Dust in Enhancing the Strength Parameters of Concrete

The main compositions of concrete are sand and cement. A swift construction operation leads to a shortage of these materials. The concrete industry consumes natural materials in large quantities like river sand keeping our environment in check we need to make our concrete industry more lasting by using alternative binders to make it sustainable. Squander materials, for example, Quarry dust which is the result of squashed stone and waste paper sludge coming from the paper producing businesses leads to different issues like dumping. The chance of utilizing Waste Paper Sludge Powder as a halfway trade for concrete and Quarry dust as an incomplete swap for fine aggregates is explored in this research. The substitution levels of cement with WPSP are 0.8%, 1.3%, 2.3% and 3.3%.Though the substitution levels of fine aggregates with Quarry Dust are 16%, 26%, 36, and 46%. For WPSP specimens it was seen that at a 1.3% substitution level compressive strength is expanded by 12% at 28 days when contrasted with the control blend which has a 0% substitution level. Flexural and split tensile are likewise expanded by 15% and 14%. While at 1.3%WPSP and 36% Quarry Dust in combination shows a 24% improvement in compressive strength when contrasted with the control blend. Flexural and split tensile strength increments by 24% & 29%, respectively. M25 concrete grade is designed as per IS 456:2000.

Effect of dry process manufactured sands dust on the mechanical property and durability of recycled concrete

Manufactured sand dust, a by-product of manufactured sand production, presents a substantial environmental concern. This study explores the viability of utilizing dust derived from three distinct lithologies (diabase, tuff, and basalt) as a recycled concrete supplementary cementitious material. The investigation primarily focuses on the impact of dust type and dosage on various concrete properties, including compressive strength, drying shrinkage, susceptibility to cracking, resistance to chloride ion penetration and so on. The research findings reveal that by incorporating 10% manufactured sands dust, the concrete exhibited improved mechanical properties, as evidenced by a 13.5% increase in compressive strength and a 5.7% increase in elastic modulus compared to the control group after 90 days. When the content of manufactured sands dust in concrete is within the range of 20%, the drying shrinkage of concrete decreases, the sensitivity to cracking decreases, the crack resistance grade improves, and the solidification ability of chloride ions increases by 5%. Microstructure analysis reveals that the addition of 10% manufactured sands dust can fill larger voids in concrete, improve the internal structure of concrete, and thereby enhance durability. These results provide theoretical basis for studying the effects of manufactured sands dust on the mechanical properties and durability of recycled concrete.

Study of the replacement of the small aggregate by saw powder in sustainable concrete

Nowadays, the construction industry has been thinking more and more about sustainability, seeking to make the technologies offered nowadays walk along with practices that have the least impact on the environment. The main purpose of this project was to evaluate the replacement of the small aggregate (sand) by the saw dust in a sustainable concrete. In this line of reasoning, cylindrical concrete proof bodies were carried out with different levels of substitution of the aggregate, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%, in an attempt to analyze the effects caused by the sawdust on the properties of the concrete, and, in addition, to verify the new results of resistance of the concrete with substitution of the sand. The results of the compression resistance tests showed that concrete shafts with aggregate substitution content of 15% and 20% did not meet the requirements of NBR 8953 (ABNT, 2015), which considers a characteristic compressive strength of at least 20 MPa for concrete for structural purposes. With regard to workability, the results showed that besides conventional concrete, only the substitution traits of 5% and 10% showed good numbers, once again the other traits did not obtain the expected results for structural concrete. The results show that the smaller the substitution of the small aggregate by the sawdust is, the greater the resistance to the compression of the concrete. The same goes for the workability of concrete.

Characterizing the behavior of blended concrete incorporating metakaolin and quarry dust: an experimental investigation

Purpose This study aims to characterize the behavior of blended concrete, including metakaolin (MK) and quarry dust (QD), as supplementary cementing materials. The study focuses on evaluating the effects of these materials on the fresh and hardened properties of concrete. Design/methodology/approach MK, a pozzolanic material, and QD, a fine aggregate by-product, are potentially sustainable alternatives for enhancing concrete performance and reducing environmental impact. The addition of different percentages of MK enhances the pozzolanic reaction, resulting in improved strength development. Furthermore, the optimum dosage of MK, mixed with QD, and mechanical properties like compressive, flexural and split tensile strength of concrete were evaluated to investigate the synergetic effect of MK and quarry dust for M20-grade concrete. Findings The results reveal the influence of metakaolin and QD on the overall performance of blended concrete. Cost analysis showed that the optimum mix can reduce the 7%–8% overall cost of the materials for M20-grade concrete. Energy analysis showed that the optimum mix can reduce 7%–8% energy consumption. Originality/value The effective utilization is determined with the help of the analytical hierarchy process method to find an optimal solution among the selected criteria. According to the AHP analysis, the optimum content of MK and quarry dust is 12% and 16%, respectively, performing best among all other trial mixes.

Effect of ECE in removing chlorides at free and bound ones in concrete contaminated with chlorides in cast and with penetrated chlorides

The present study concerned the effect of electrochemical chloride extraction (ECE) to chloride-contaminated concrete on chloride removal with incremental depths after the ECE at 1000 mA/m2 for 2, 4 and 8 weeks. The steel reinforcement was taken as an anode, while the titanium mesh as cathode. The chloride was extracted by diluting concrete dust sample in acid solution and still water for total and free chlorides, respectively. As a result, most free chlorides were removed from concrete at the increased current density, while bound chlorides were quite removed, presumably due to a reduction of the alkalinity of concrete.

Global carbon uptake of cement carbonation accounts 1930–2021

Abstract. The main contributor to the greenhouse gas (GHG) footprint of the cement industry is the decomposition of alkaline carbonates during clinker production. However, systematic accounts for the reverse of this process – namely carbonation of calcium oxide and other alkaline oxides and/or hydroxides within cement materials during cements' life cycles – have only recently been undertaken. Here, adopting a comprehensive analytical model, we provide the most updated estimates of CO2 uptake by cement carbonation. The accumulated amount of global CO2 uptake by cements produced from 1930 to 2021 is estimated to be 22.9 Gt CO2 (95 % confidence interval, CI: 19.6–26.6 Gt CO2). This amount includes the CO2 uptake by concrete, mortar, construction waste and kiln dust, accounting for 30.1 %, 58.5 %, 4.0 % and 7.1 % respectively. The cumulative carbon uptake by cement materials from 1930 to 2021 offsets 55.1 % of the emissions from cement production (41.6 Gt CO2, 95 % CI: 38.7–47.2 Gt CO2) over the same period, with the greater part coming from mortar (58.5 % of the total uptake). China has the highest cement carbon uptake, with cumulative carbonation of 7.06 Gt CO2 (95 % CI: 5.22–9.44 Gt CO2) since 1930. In addition, the carbon uptake amounts of the USA, EU, India and the rest of the world took 5.0 %, 23.2 %, 5.6 % and 34.8 % separately. As a result of rapidly increased production in recent years, over three-quarters of the cement carbon uptake has occurred since 1990. Additionally, our results show little impact by the COVID-19 pandemic on cement production and use, with carbon uptake reaching about 0.92 Gt CO2 (95 % CI: 0.78–1.10 Gt CO2) in 2020 and 0.96 Gt CO2 (95 % CI: 0.81–1.15 Gt CO2) in 2021. Our uniformly formatted and most updated cement uptake inventories provide coherent data-based support for including cement carbon uptake into future carbon budgets from the local to global scale. The latest version contains the uptake data till 2021, showing the global uptake's increasing pattern and offering more usable and relevant data for evaluating cement's carbon uptake capacity. All the data described in this study are accessible at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7516373 (Bing et al., 2023).

An Innovative Study on Utilisation of Pareva Dust and Quartz Sand in Concrete

Concrete the spirit of the infrastructures and it’s a combination of cement, water and coarse aggregate, fine aggregate and add mixtures. Sand and cement is consider as critical material in significant mix design due reality that collecting of cement and uncovering sand is impacting out. In case consider concrete the manufacturing of it release out CO2 and other green house gases and in other hand sand expulsion furthermore is lead us to stream bed declination, so most ideal choice for the both of materials ought to be taken vital notes. Through this paper an imaginative focus on utilization of Pareva Dust as a replacement to concrete and Quartz Sand as replacement to sand at different level (5%,10%15%) is utilized and assist with getting's mom earth. Through this examination paper study is given for the mechanical and quality properties of which guide as choice in concrete.

Effect of high temperature modification on the highly adsorptive manufactured sand dust concrete

The production process of manufactured sand generates a large amount of dust, which poses a serious threat to the environment. In this study, we selected highly adsorptive manufactured sand dust of three lithologies (diabase, tuff, and basalt) for high temperature calcination. We evaluated its mechanical properties and microstructures after high temperature modification using various characterization methods to investigate its feasibility as a supplementary cementitious material (SCM). A comparative analysis of the manufactured sand dust before and after modification was conducted using thermogravimetric-differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC), laser particle size analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) techniques, the results showed that high temperature modification can reduce the crystallinity of the mineral impurities in the manufactured sand dust. Furthermore, the average particle size of artificial sand dust from all three lithologies (diabase, tuff, and basalt) was reduced. However, the flowability of the mortars increased by 12.1%, 7.4%, and 6.4% respectively. The 28-day volcanic ash activity index reached 63%, 61%, and 60% respectively. In addition, we used the modified manufactured sand dust as a supplementary cementitious material in concrete. It was found that when 30% of cement was replaced with a 1:2 mixture of manufactured sand dust and fly ash, the compressive strength at 90 days reached a maximum of 90.6 MPa. These results demonstrate that the modified manufactured sand dust has certain economic benefits and can be used to partially replace cement in concrete. This provides a basis for the development and application of highly adsorptive manufactured sand in the long term.

Effective utilisation of waste cement concrete dust in bituminous concrete

The suitability of waste cement concrete dust (CD) and conventional hydrated lime (HL) as fillers in bituminous concrete was investigated. Bituminous mixes containing CD or HL in different proportions were designed. Their performance was studied using the Marshall quotient, indirect tensile strength, tensile strength ratio (TSR), passive and active adhesion and Cantabro tests. The cost of the various mixes and their greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions were also compared. Finally, the optimum filler content for both mixes was determined. The mixes containing CD displayed rutting, cracking and ravelling resistance similar to those of conventional mixes. CD offered improved affinity towards bitumen and ensured excellent moisture resistance (TSR > 80%). Compared with a traditional mix (4% HL), the use of CD marginally lowered the cost by around 3–8% and reduced the GHG emissions by more than 50%. Overall, the addition of CD ensured satisfactory engineering performance at a relatively lower cost and significantly lower GHG emissions.

Application of Brick Dust and Sawdust in Concrete: A Movement to Sustainability

It has become essential to recycle materials to create a sustainable environment, the application of using brick dust and glass powder leads to the reduction in the emission co2 and environmental landfills caused by the production of cement, disposal issues relating to solid waste, and demolished structures. The outcome of this research observes that the use of brick dust and sawdust in concrete helps in reducing the cost of the product, decreasing the amount of emitted CO2 as well as providing a way for environmental byproducts to be reduced by utilized for better sustaining of the ecosystem. In accordance with this study the evaluation of several properties of concrete was determined, the properties include compression test, split tensile test, compacting factor, slump for workability, density in the fresh and hardened state, and the ultrasonic pulse velocity of the concrete. The study used 10% brick dust as cement substitute and 5% by volume as substitute for fine aggregate. The outcome shows that the incorporation of brick dust increases the compressive strength and tensile strength, reduces workability, and has excellent quality of compactness which is 0.91, the compacting factor of just sawdust is seen to be 0.86, sawdust reduces the strength of concrete, and can be almost designated as light concrete due to the low density obtained and when both materials are added in one concrete the properties values as they have a different effect on the concrete separately. Overall, the application of this material in the same concrete as replacement proves beneficial and can be applied for construction.

Performance characteristics of sugarcane bagasse ash and quarry dust in concrete

Performance characteristics of sugarcane bagasse ash and quarry dust in concrete

Feasibility study on impact of replacement of river sand with crushed aggregate in concrete mix

The importance of utilizing stone waste, known as stone dust, in construction and infrastructure projects as a replacement for natural sand cannot be overstated. This practice holds paramount significance as it not only serves to substitute natural sand but also plays a pivotal role in reducing construction expenses. Because of the severe shortage in many locations, as well as expense and environmental concerns, an alternative is being considered. In this endeavor, the viability of incorporating stone dust as a potential substitute for fine aggregate is under meticulous investigation. In this study, M20, M30, and M40 concrete mixes were employed. The results of the tests show that stone dust may be utilized in concrete as a partial replacement for fine aggregate. The finding has been made that using stone dust increases the flexural and compressive strength of concrete. The percentage of fine aggregate replaced by stone dust (0, 20, 50, 80, and 100 percent) is explored. This paper also studied various proportions of cement concrete and stone dust (M20, M30, M40). The experimental findings revealed that adding stone dust as a fine aggregate ratio of 20%, 50%, 80%, and 100% improved the compressive properties.

A Comprehensive Review of Stone Dust in Concrete: Mechanical Behavior, Durability, and Environmental Performance

The escalating demand for natural resources within the construction industry is progressing upward. At the same time, however, there is a great concern regarding the depletion of these resources. This review paper emphasizes the significance of utilizing alternative aggregate materials in concrete. Particularly, it aims to explore replacing natural sand with stone dust. On the one hand, the depletion of primary sources of natural sand worldwide, combined with environmental and ecological concerns, drives the adoption of alternative aggregate materials for sustainable concrete construction. On the other hand, stone dust, a waste from the quarrying industry, offers a cost-effective and practical solution for producing concrete. This article presents a comprehensive literature review of the main trends in utilizing stone dust in recycled aggregates in the past decade and its influence on concrete properties. It addresses critical research questions regarding the physical and chemical properties of stone dust aggregates compared to natural sand; the impact of stone dust on the workability, mechanical, physical, and durability properties of recycled concrete; and the potential reduction of environmental impacts in terms of energy consumption and emissions through the replacement of natural sand with stone dust. Ultimately, this paper proposes future investigative work based on identified research gaps.

Use of Waste Material as Filler in Bituminous Mix Design

Abstract: Bituminous concrete is a costlier and highest payment flexible payment layer. For satisfy the design requirements of stability and durability the bituminous mixes should be designed effectively. The ingredients of the mixture include dense grading of coarse aggregates, fine aggregates, fillers and bitumen binder. In this Study an attempt was made to find the effect of filler on the behavior of bituminous mixes. Fillers play an important role in the filling of voids and hence change the physical and chemical properties. Thus their effect is of utter importance. Bitumen in combination with filler forms mastic. This mastic can be seen as a constituent of mixture of asphalt that holds the aggregates together. An important role is played by the fillers that pass through 0.075mm sieve. With the increase in the amount of filler, Marshall Stability of the bitumen mix increases directly. Use of 4-8% filler in asphalt concrete is recommended by the Asphalt Institute. In India, waste concrete dust and brick dust are considered to be cheaper and are available in plenty. In this study an attempt was made to find the effect of fillers on the bitumen mixes. In this study, concrete dust and brick dust was used as filler. The properties of bituminous mixes containing these fillers were studied and compared with each other. For the purpose of comparison Marshall Method of mix design was used. In this study various tests were also conducted on aggregates and bitumen and the results were compared with the specifications. The study revealed that use of concrete dust and brick dust as filler improves the physical characteristics of bitumen. Marshall Stability and flow value of bitumen mix also improved.

A comprehensive study for physical and chemical properties of road dust to utilize in concrete mix design, collected from diversified locations of Delhi NCR

Rising volume of road dust is a serious concern in global as well as Indian scenario. To find out the possible application, chemical and physical characterizations of road dust of six diversified sites of Delhi, National Capital Region, India were carried out prior to utilize in concrete mix design. The chemical characterizations suggest major and minor components are oxides of silicon, aluminium, iron, sodium, calcium, potassium, sulphur, phosphorous, manganese etc. X-ray diffraction studies depicted major phases of silica, muscovite/ illite, K-Feldspar and albite minerals. Scanning Electron Microscopy studies depicted flacks, fibrous, spherical, irregular, voids and hexagonal morphologies. Further detailed studies of road dust of two sites were carried out in concrete mix design following IS and ASTM test methods to know the effects on compressive strength, flexural strength, water and rapid chloride permeability test after replacing upto 50% of stone sand by road dust. The 7th and 28th days compressive strength test results of two sites concrete showed 16.51%, 8.25% and 4.67%, 2.34 % lesser strength in comparison to control concrete respectively. Similarly, 7th and 28th days flexural strength studies of same sites concrete showed 19.67%, 14.75% and 6.85%, 1.37% lesser strength in comparison to control concrete, respectively. The depth of water penetration test results of two selected sites of concrete showed 13.14% and 10.22% lesser extent of water penetration under 5 bars hydrostatic pressure, when compared to control concrete. The RCPT results of same sites concrete showed 33.47% and 9.48% greater extent of chloride ion permeability, in comparison to control concrete. The results obtained after 7th and 28th days of conventional stone sand concrete and road dust concrete, showed quite comparable results. However, in case of water permeability test the road dust concrete showed lesser extent of water percolation in comparison to conventional concrete, this may be due to presence of more fines in road dust, which may have caused better packing and lesser voids for water to ingress.