Dust Explosion Hazards Research Articles

Effects of explosion suppressants on the dust explosion and pyrolysis characteristics of the fungicide fenaminstrobin

In this study, the explosion and pyrolysis characteristics of fungicide fenaminstrobin dust were studied, and the inhibitory effects of three explosion suppressants, namely, NH4H2PO4, KH2PO4, and KCl, on dust explosion were compared. A combined thermogravimetric (TG)–Fourier transform infrared (FTIR)–mass spectrometry (MS) technique was adopted to analyze the inhibition mechanism. The results showed that the minimum ignition energy (MIE) was 5 mJ, the explosion index (Kst) was 305.7 bar m/s, and the dust explosion hazard was severe. We found that all three compounds (NH4H2PO4, KH2PO4, and KCl) could be used as explosion suppressants. When the addition dose of NH4H2PO4 was 35%, the Kst value dropped by 40.7%, and MIE exceeded 1000 mJ. When the addition of KH2PO4 was 50%, the Kst value dropped by 37.3%, and the MIE increased to 300 mJ. In comparison, NH4H2PO4 showed the best inhibitory effect, while KCl demonstrated the worst inhibitory effect. The pyrolysis of fenaminstrobin produced organic gases, including quinoline, benzonitrile, and methyl isocyanate, and generated large quantities of free radicals. The explosion suppressants could inhibit the explosion through physical pathways (endothermic, coating, and oxygen-diluting processes) and chemical pathways (free-radical capture).

Experimental study of the effect of coal dust on the flame dynamics of partially premixed gas-coal dust explosion in a vertical pressure relief pipe-line

To further study the gas-coal dust explosion hazards under complex conditions. Experiments were conducted in pipe-line systems containing explosive pipe-line and pressure relief pipe-line. The effect of coal dust concentration and particle size on the flame dynamics of gas-coal dust explosion was investigated. The flame structure in the explosion pipe-line is divided into two-stages: spherical and round-finger. In the pressure relief pipe-line, the flame structure e varies at working conditions. Flame front position increases with time, showing a class exponential growth trend. The flame front velocity increases in the explosion pipe-line, has a short drop during the entry into the pressure relief pipe-line, and then increases. With the increase of coal dust concentration, flame propagation time has been increasing in the pipe-line system and the explosion pipe-line, with the shortest time at 25 g/m?. Flame propagation time first increases and then decreases in the pressure relief pipe-line, the shortest time at 50 g/m?. The maximum flame front velocity first increases and then decreases. The maximum flame front velocity is maximized at 50 g/m?. With the increase of coal dust particle size, flame propagation time has been increasing in the pipe-line system, and in the explosion pipe-line, flame propagation times have been decreasing in the pressure relief pipe-line. The maximum flame front velocity first increases, then decrease, and increases again. The maximum flame front velocity is minimal at 45 ?m.

Investigation of dust ignition sensitivity and co-pyrolysis properties of biomass and plastic waste during resource utilization

This study investigated the sensitivity of dust to ignition and the co-pyrolysis properties of biomass-plastic composites (BPCs) during resource utilization process. A model of co-pyrolysis process for four BPCs was developed using a BP neural network algorithm. The addition of polyethylene increased the biomass powder's tendency to pyrolyze. In the main pyrolysis stage, the lignin and polyethylene fractions significantly impact the synergistic effect more than the other fractions. Corn stalk/polyethylene and rice husk/polyethylene are synergistic during the pyrolysis process making these BPC products relatively promising for utilization. However, more attention should be paid to the dust explosion hazard posed by the BPCs. PE increases the ignition sensitivity of the biomass powder. Compared to other BPCs, minimum ignition temperature (420 °C) and minimum ignition energy (21 mJ) values for rice husk/polyethylene composites are the lowest. The volatile fraction of biomass content is one of the most influential factors affecting the ignition sensitivity of BPCs.

Rapid characterization of combustible particle breakage via dry dispersion laser diffraction

Dust explosion hazards can be analyzed by various explosion parameters, which are known to depend on the particle size distribution of combustible dust. Literature has evidenced the dispersion system in laboratory apparatus (e.g., 20-L chamber) breaks the original dust into smaller sizes. Such unexpected particle breakage can lead to misleading explosion results which may exaggerate the actual hazards. This study develops a novel solution to identify combustible particle breakage by exploiting dry dispersion laser diffraction technology. Nine samples were dispersed under different levels of energy in a particle size analyzer. Serious particle breakage is confirmed if the tested particle size decreases significantly with increasing dispersion pressure. Eight particle size parameters were plotted to derive quantitative pressure titration curves. A larger average slope in percentage decreases of D10, D50, and D3,2 represents a higher particle breakage tendency. The characterization results are well correlated to previous breakage classification in the 20-L chamber.

Analysis of fire and explosion hazards caused by industrial dusts with a high content of volatile matter

The objective of the study is to indicate and analyse the influence of the parameters describing the composition and properties of the tested samples on their behaviour under fire and explosion hazard conditions. Research was carried out on six combustible dust samples from various industry sectors, in which dust is created due to technological processes and, consequently, fire and explosion hazards occur. A physicochemical analysis of the tested samples was performed to determine the technical and elemental composition and particle distribution, and TGA analysis was performed to determine the conditions of the devolatilization. The cloud and hot surface ignition tests were performed and the basic explosive parameters were determined. The analysis of the results obtained shows that there are no mutual dependencies between the parameters describing fire and explosion hazards, and the physicochemical parameters are not explicitly decisive when it comes to the occurrence of these hazards. It was found that the main factor influencing dust ignition is the devolatilization, especially the temperature at which the devolatilization rate is the highest. The research showed that there are certain dependencies and connections between the properties of the samples and their susceptibility to ignition or explosion proneness. However, to develop a precise assessment of dust fire and explosion hazards considering the ATEX directives, it is still necessary to carry out complete dust tests.

Prediction of minimum ignition energy for combustible dust using graph neural networks and SMILES data augmentation

Dust explosions are among the most hazardous incidents in industrial production. The inherent dangers of dust make its testing not only risky but also costly. Consequently, it is crucial to identify a method for rapidly determining dust explosion hazards. Previous quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) methods have been computationally demanding, time-consuming, and inefficient. In this study, the minimum ignition energy is predicted using the MPNN model, a graph neural network that extracts molecular data features to make accurate predictions based on chemical structure. The input data is transformed into a compact representation, facilitating more efficient analysis and learning by machine learning algorithms. By converting the molecular structure into SMILES for training, employing molecular enhancement via the SMILES molecular traversal algorithm, and optimizing the model through hyperparameter optimization, the MPNN was compared with the GCN and GAT models. The confusion matrix, ROC curves, and PR curves were evaluated for all three models. The MPNN model outperformed the other two models in predicting dust explosion hazards. After data augmentation and hyperparameter optimization, the performance of all three models improved significantly: the MPNN model enhanced its performance by 4% on the ROC curve and 4% on the PR curve; the GCN model by 6% on the ROC curve and 7% on the PR curve; and the GAT model by 2% on the ROC curve and 3% on the PR curve. Nevertheless, among the optimized models, the MPNN model still demonstrated the best performance on the ROC and PR curves, achieving an accuracy of 98%. By visualizing the classification results using the t-SNE algorithm, it was found that the MPNN model was better at capturing the relationships between nodes on the molecular graph, resulting in superior performance in the classification task. In contrast, the GCN and GAT models underperformed in utilizing graph node information, leading to less efficient predictions. Analysis of the molecular structures in the prediction results indicates that the minimum ignition energy is >30 mJ for chain compounds and below 30 mJ for cyclic compounds, influenced by both the conjugation system and molecular weight. The MPNN model has demonstrated high accuracy and robustness in predicting dust explosion hazards, providing an effective solution to reduce experimental risks and costs. In conclusion, the study presents a method for rapidly determining dust explosion hazards using the MPNN model, a graph neural network that accurately predicts minimum ignition energy based on chemical structure. The MPNN model outperformed other models in terms of accuracy and efficiency, providing an effective solution to reduce experimental risks and costs. These findings have significant implications for industrial production and can be applied at large-scale to enhance safety measures in real-world conditions.

Partial inhibition of acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene dust explosion by sodium bicarbonate

During acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS) plastic processing, dust explosions could occur in production and transportation. In this paper, the explosion properties and pyrolysis mechanism of ABS dust were studied. The inhibition effects of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) on ABS dust were investigated using the 20-L explosion chamber, Hartmann tube, and G-G furnace. The results demonstrated that NaHCO3 effectively decreased both the ignition sensitivity and the explosion severity of ABS dust explosion by increasing the mass fraction of the inhibitor. Adding 50 wt% NaHCO3 could reduce the explosion hazard to an acceptable level. Combined with an analysis of gas phase products and thermal decomposition behaviour, it was discovered that incorporating NaHCO3 enhanced the heat stability of ABS dust. The decomposition of added NaHCO3 produced a substantial quantity of CO2, consuming many free radicals especially OH• and H•, which further reduced the decomposition temperature of ABS. The inhibitor effectively interrupted the combustion chain reaction and inhibited the propagation of the explosion. The results establish a scientific and operational basis for the prevention and management of dust explosion hazards in the ABS processing field.

Safety of Steel Arch Support Operation During Rock Bursts Under Explosive Atmosphere Conditions

Abstract Methane and coal dust explosions are among the most common causes of disasters in hard coal mining. Therefore, it is important for occupational safety in hard coal mines operating under methane and coal dust explosion hazards to identify possible ignition sources, whether due to natural or technical factors. One technical source of ignition can be mechanical sparks generated during operation of mechanical equipment and high surface temperatures of equipment components during operation. This paper presents the methodology and results of thermal imaging and strength testing of roadway support elements under dynamic loading. The goal of the tests was to identify the potential explosive atmosphere ignition sources during the operation of the support under the conditions of rock bursts. The scope of testing encompassed the temperature measurements by means of thermal camera of friction prop and yielding support frame sliding joint elements at yield under dynamic impact loading (simulating a burst). Significant joint element heating and mechanical sparking was observed during the testing of arching yielding support frame sliding joints and straight friction prop joints as a result of friction at yield. Some of the aspects defined in standard PN-EN ISO80079-36:2016 include the maximum temperature T max =150°C for a surface that can accumulate a layer of coal dust. Tests of the friction joints have shown that during impact loading, numerous mechanical sparks are produced at the friction joints of sections of the steel prop, with the surface temperature of the sections starting from 169.6°C and reaching up to 234.1°C. During tests it was also to determined emissivites of the tested sliding joints constructed from V29-V32 secrions depending on corrosion products which consist in range 0.842–0.873. Such a high temperature can initiate an explosive mixture consisting of methane, air and coal dust.

Combustion characteristics of three linear monohydric alcohols CH3(CH2)n-1OH (n = 16, 18, 22): Combined ignition experiments and molecular dynamics simulations

Higher fatty alcohols play a vital position in modern industry, while the dust explosion hazard cannot be ignored. Three kinds of linear monohydric alcohols CH3(CH2)n-1OH (n = 16, 18, 22) were selected to explore the combustion characteristics through ignition tests and molecular dynamics simulations. The experiment consequences indicated that the flame propagation height of alcohols dust gradually aggrandized as the enlargement of dust concentration of 30–750 g/m3 and the flame propagation velocity presented two peaks. CH3(CH2)15OH had the highest flame propagation height and velocity, followed by CH3(CH2)17OH and CH3(CH2)21OH. The first flame propagation velocities of CH3(CH2)15OH, CH3(CH2)17OH, and CH3(CH2)21OH reached the maximum value at 500 g/m3, which were 16.47, 13.25, and 12.53 m/s, respectively. The second peak reached the maximum value at 750 g/m3, which were 20.07, 19.05, and 18.23 m/s, respectively. The combustion reactions of alcohols revealed that the decomposition of molecules was first due to the breakage of the CC bond, and the main products were mainly C2H4, H2O, CH2O, CO, and CO2. The production and consumption reaction processes of C2H4, CH2O, and other combustible gas products reasonably explained the flame continuous process and the variation of flame propagation. The TG test results indicated that the volatility and thermal conductivity of CH3(CH2)15OH, CH3(CH2)17OH, and CH3(CH2)21OH decreased sequentially, which confirmed the flame propagation and molecular dynamics combustion reactions of the three alcohols. The volatility of alcohols was the key factor determining the difference in the flame propagation behavior of alcohols dust.

Oak Biomass in the Form of Wood, Bark, Brushwood, Leaves and Acorns in the Production Process of Multifunctional Biochar.

Biochar from forest biomass and its remains has become an essential material for environmental engineering, and is used in the environment to restore or improve soil function and its fertility, where it changes the chemical, physical and biological processes. The article presents the research results on the opportunity to use the pyrolysis process to receive multifunctional biochar materials from oak biomass. It was found that biochars obtained from oak biomass at 450 and 500 °C for 10 min were rich in macronutrients. The greatest variety of the examined elements was characterized by oak-leaf pyrolysate, and high levels of Ca, Fe, K, Mg, P, S, Na were noticed. Pyrolysates from acorns were high in Fe, K, P and S. Oak bark biochars were rich in Ca, Fe, S and contained nitrogen. In addition, biomass pyrolysis has been found to improve energy parameters and does not increase the dust explosion hazard class. The oak biomass pyrolytic at 450 and 500 °C after 10 min increases its caloric content for all samples tested by at least 50%. The highest caloric value among the raw biomass tested was observed in oak bark: 19.93 MJ kg-1 and oak branches: 19.23 MJ kg-1. The mean and highest recorded Kstmax were 94.75 and 94.85 bar s-1, respectively. It can be concluded that pyrolysis has the potential to add value to regionally available oak biomass. The results described in this work provide a basis for subsequent, detailed research to obtain desired knowledge about the selection of the composition, purpose, and safety rules of production, storage, transport and use of biochar materials.

Explosibility of nuclear graphite measured in a 1 m3 chamber

Introduction. Nuclear graphite poses a threat due to the formation of the graphite dust – air mixture (GDAM) during the dismantling of decommissioned nuclear reactors. However, there is no clear answer to the question on the GDAM explosibility. A review of international studies suggests that GDAM is either inexplosive or its explosibility is weak (Phylaktou H.N. et al., 2015). In this paper, the authors advance arguments for the explosion safety of GDAM.Selected research result. The authors considered a well-known result of a study on the combustion of GDAM with an average particle size of 5 μm, the concentration of about 450 g/m3 in a 1.138 m3 chamber, and an ignitionsource made by Fr. Sobbe GmbH («Sobbe 10 kJ»). The maximum overpressure ΔPmax was 0.47 bar in the chamber, and it fitted the case of an explosive air suspension, according to EN 14034-3 (1 bar = 100 kPa).Interpretation of the research result. Pressure oscillograms were compared for the following two cases: the case of the maximum manifestation of the GDAM explosion hazard (ΔPmax = 0.47 bar; dP/dt|max = 3.8 bar/s) and the case of combustion of an ignition source in the absence of air suspension (ΔPmax = 0.027 bar; dP/dt|max = 2.7 bar/s). The comparison shows that the first 20 ms of a pressure change inside the chamber is mainly due to the combustion of the ignition source: the characteristic values ΔP = 0.03 bar and (dP/dt) ≈ 3.8 bar/s are close to the «Sobbe 10kJ» combustion index in the absence of GDAM. A further increase in ΔP is accompanied by the constant or sharply decreasing value of (dP/dt), which means a monotonous decrease in the flame velocity and proves the incombustibility of GDAM.Conclusions. Due to the smallness of ΔPmax, GDAM can be considered nonexplosive under normal atmospheric conditions. Dependency diagrams, relating the pressure of combustion products and its growth to time offer important information about the combustion of the air suspension in explosion chambers under the condition of a low dust explosion hazard.

Insight into the dust explosion hazard of pharmaceutical powders in the presence of flow aids

Coating of nanoscale flow aids is widely used in pharmaceutical applications to increase the flowability of cohesive powders. For combustible pharmaceutical active ingredients and excipients, it is unclear whether increased flowability affects the dust explosion hazard. In this work, acetaminophen (APAP) and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) were studied with and without a coating of silica nanoparticles. A full set of explosion parameters for the pure materials and their flow-improved mixtures was determined in accordance with ASTM standards. The results show that parameters including minimum ignition temperature, minimum explosible concentration, and maximum explosion pressure were independent of powder flow properties, while the presence of flow aids led to significantly lower minimum ignition energy values for both APAP and MCC, and a slightly higher maximum rate of pressure rise for APAP. The connection between dust flowability and the dust explosion hazard is discussed with respect to these experimental results.

Direct-on-Filter FTIR Spectroscopy to Estimate Calcite as A Proxy for Limestone ‘Rock Dust’ in Respirable Coal Mine Dust Samples

Application of fine, inert ‘rock dust’ (RD) to the surfaces in underground coal mines is a common method for mitigating coal dust explosion hazards. However, due to its size, RD has the potential to contribute to the respirable coal mine dust (RCMD) concentration. Though the RD component of RCMD does not appear to pose the sort of health hazards associated with other components such as crystalline silica, understanding its relative abundance may be quite helpful for evaluating and controlling primary dust sources. Given that RD products are frequently comprised of high-purity limestone (i.e., primarily calcite mineral), calcite may serve as a suitable proxy for measuring RD. To estimate the mass percentage of calcite in RCMD samples, this study demonstrates the successful application of direct-on-filter (DOF) Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Incidentally, DOF FTIR has been the focus of recent efforts to enable rapid measurement of crystalline silica in RCMD. Concurrent measurement of other constituents such as calcite is thus a logical next step, which can allow a broader interpretation of dust composition and source contributions.

Hazard evaluation, explosion risk, and thermal behaviour of magnesium- aluminium alloys during the polishing process by using a 20-L apparatus, MIEA, and TGA

Magnesium-aluminium alloy powders, although widely used in the polishing process on variable scales, also have a potential to be explosive. Having a thorough understanding of the thermal aspects of magnesium-aluminium alloy powder ensures process safety and is essential for developing an adequate emergency system. This study analysed the influence of the particle size, ranging between 105 and 420 μm on the thermal characteristics of magnesium-aluminium. The results revealed that at a dust concentration of 1750 g/m3, 105, 210, and 420 μm magnesium-aluminium alloy powders exhibited a maximum explosion pressure of 0.97, 0.86, and 0.78 MPa, respectively. The limiting oxygen concentration values of 105, 210, and 420 μm samples were 4, 13, and 15 vol.%, respectively. The apparent activation energies Ea of 105, 210, and 420 μm samples were 286.5–70.6, 165.2–39.9, and 224.8–168.8 kJ/mol, respectively. Furthermore, the flammability parameters exhibited greater reactivity for smaller particle sizes, i.e., the minimum ignition temperature sharply decreased from 700 to 550 °C. Thus, this study provides valuable insights into the combustion characteristics and the severity of the dust explosion hazards of magnesium-aluminium alloy powders in order to ensure better safety standards in the metal processing industry.

Biomass from Winery Waste: Evaluation of Dust Explosion Hazards

Food and drink supply chains have significant environmental impacts due to their use of resources, emissions, and waste production. An efficient method to reduce this impact is the valorisation of biomass waste through energy recovery by using it as a source of heat. The European energy system faces several fundamental challenges being currently the largest emitter of greenhouse gases due to its large dependence on fossil fuels (mostly natural gas). Therefore, the energy sector's decarbonization will play a central role in achieving a climate-neutral economy in Europe. Identifying the suitable material for biofuel is basically focused on the amount of energy that the material stores, availability, and logistic considerations. Sawdust and wood chips have been extensively used as biofuel in recent years, but other promising raw and waste materials could be adopted (with the positive effect of reducing the impact on forestry soil and the food chain). Novel materials bring consequently novel challenges, also regarding their safe use. As an example, a relevant waste flow is produced from wine manufacturing. A solid with high moisture content is obtained from grapes pressing, and it could be reused to produce distillates. The obtained exhausted pomace could be considered among the materials potentially involved in energy recovery. It is also carrying dust explosion hazard, as solid residues could be present in the form of coarse and fine powders.In this work, grape pomace is examined: its explosion safety-related properties are evaluated to define the severity of events in which this material could be ignited. Minimum Ignition Energy (MIE), explosion pressure peak (Pmax), deflagration severity index (KSt), autoignition temperature (MIT), and Volatile Point (VP) are measured according to standard procedures. This material's thermal susceptibility and ignition sensitivity are studied and compared with biomasses from different sources (ligneo-cellulosic and herbaceous).

Study of influence of tremors on combined hazards. Longwall mining operations in co-occurrence of natural hazards. A case study

Combined hazards occurring in areas of hard coal mines were characterised. A possible course of processes leading to a mining catastrophe, associated with occurrence of combined hazards, was discussed. An example of a cause and effect chain is presented, where rockburst hazard initiates – with co-occurring climatic hazard – an increase in the level of spontaneous fire hazard, methane explosion hazard and coal dust explosion hazard. Possibility of improving detection of spontaneous fire hazard in presence of co-occurring combined hazards was analysed.

The Level of Securing Dust Deposits Against the Possibility of Coal Dust Explosion in the Drilled Dog Headings

The article presents the analysis how the actual coal dust explosion hazard is at the distance of the initial 200 metres of the safety zone maintained along the entire length of driven inclined drift II – face 567 in BRZESZCZE colliery, which was used during realization of the project titled Modelling of the mechanism of explosive coal dust deposition in the vicinity of mined faces in terms of identification, assessment and levelling the possibility of its explosion financed by the National Centre for Research and Development. The mine dust level was between 0.014 kg/m3 and 0.193 kg/m3, and the coal dust level between 0.003 kg/m3 and 0.051 kg/m3, at the content of non-combustible solids between 62.9% and 96.9%. In the analysed fragment of the mine working there was settled dry and volatile mine dust of transient water content between 0.1% and 3.8%. In a few measurement points (sidewalls, floor, and the dust explosion barrier) it was observed that the content of non-combustible solids was lower than required by the regulations (unsecured mine dust), which resulted from the insufficient application of stone dust and increased intensity of dust settlement, especially in the area near the longwall face. Analyses of the fraction distribution of the settled mine dust showed the presence of fine dust, while coarser fractions were found in the places of lowered content of non-combustible solids. The conclusions indicate that it is necessary to modify the currently applied dust-explosion prevention measures, which ought to adjust the amount of stone dust applied in given sections of the safety zone and the stone dust ought to be applied with more diligence.

Investigation of particle density on dust cloud dynamics in a minimum ignition energy apparatus using digital in-line holography

Solids industries have inherent dust explosion hazards. Process risk assessment parameters include overpressure, deflagration index, and minimum ignition energy. These parameters are influenced by dust dynamics, such as turbulence and concentration. Cloud dynamics are affected by particle morphology, density, size, and polydispersity, which affect explosion parameters. Influence of properties such as density during explosion parameter measurement is often overlooked. This study examines particle density influence on dust clouds in the Kühner MIKE3. Two clouds of particles with different density, but similar particle size and morphology were examined with high-speed digital in-line holography, providing velocity and concentration measurements prior to ignition. Results show velocity and concentration of denser dust is lower compared to lighter dust after ignition delay. The results highlight the density effect on cloud dynamics and make a case for particle density to be considered in setting ignition delay in order to get consistent cloud dynamics and test results.

Nanotechnology risk, toxicity and its effect on safety and human health

Nanotechnology is an interdisciplinary field encompassing a wide and varied range of devices derived from engineering, physics, chemistry and biology, and this field contains a better understanding of the development of medical analysis technologies, biotechnological processes, the development of new and targeted chemicals for delivery. nanomaterials are widely used, especially in biology, biotechnology, and medicine. However, there are limited studies on the potential toxicity of nanomaterials. Therefore, there is a need for varied and systematic toxicological data with new techniques for nanomaterials. To investigate the nanotoxicology of nanoparticles (NPs), the health and safety hazards of nanomaterials include the potential toxicity of various types of nanomaterials, as well as the hazard of dust fire and explosion. As nanotechnology is a recent emergence, the health and safety consequences of nanomaterials exposure, as well as exposure limits, are the subject of ongoing research. Of the potential hazards, inhalation exposure is of greatest concern, with animal studies showing pulmonary effects such as inflammation, fibrosis and carcinogenicity in some nanomaterials. Skin contact and ingestion, as well as a dust explosion hazard, are also of concern.

Evaluation of the safety parameters for a permitted explosive type emulsion

When preparing a permitted explosive recipe an energy or an explosive heat is considered, which should ensure the detonability of the system and at the same time a power that satisfies the purpose for which it will be used, under the conditions of firedamp hazardous mines. The safety parameters for the explosive charges used in the firedamp hazardous mines are decisive, in order to ensure the safety and health requirements at work together with the efficient performance of the blasting operation. The permitted explosive type emulsion is recommended to be used in underground mines, open pit mines as a special methane explosive and can be used where a coal dust and/or methane explosion hazard exists can be loaded into dry and wet blasting holes and it can be used for mechanical loading. The permitted explosive type emulsion is a Detonator-sensitive explosives that can be reliably initiated in an unconfined state by a No. 8 strength detonator it have safety handling characteristics because of the relatively low sensitivity to friction, shock and impact. Technological changes due to the change of suppliers of certified explosives for civil use for underground use in the firedamp hazardous mines, involve reassessing the safety and efficiency of the loads made with these products, which have not been tested and evaluated for the conditions from the Jiu Valley mines.