Duration Of Recovery Period Research Articles

An integrated System Dynamics model for Closed Loop Supply Chains under disaster effects: The case of COVID-19.

For a Closed Loop Supply Chain (CLSC), disaster is a risk source of unknown-unknowns, which may result in production disruptions with significant consequences on -but not limited to-profitability. For this reason, we provide a System Dynamics (SD)-based analysis for disaster events on the operation of CLSCs in order to study the system response (production/collection/disassembly/remanufacturing/recycling rates, inventories, cost, profit). This response is examined through the dynamics at a manufacturer, parts producer, collector, and disassembly center level, by providing control mechanisms for resilient CLSCs under disaster effects. In this dynamic analysis, COVID-19 is treated as a disaster event. Five different business scenario settings are presented for the manufacturer, which are considered as alternative mitigation policies in responding to product demand. The extensive simulation results provide insights for policy-makers, which depend on the reduction in manufacturer's production, reduction in product demand and duration of recovery period which are considered as causal effects due to the COVID-19 outbreak. For all combinations, holding base stocks during the pre-disaster period is proposed as the best mitigation policy in terms of manufacturer's inventory. In terms of economic impact, holding base stocks or coordination with third party are revealed as the best choice depending on the combination, while remote inventory policy adoption as the worst choice.

REPRODUCTIVE ABILITY AND PRODUCTIVITY OF COWS FOR THREE LACTATIONS, DEPENDING ON THE AGE OF CONCEPTION OF HEIFERS

In research and production experiments on 911 cows of the Holstein (H), Ukrainian Black-and-White (UBWD) and Ukrainian Red-and-White (URWD) dairy breeds, their reproductive capacity and milk productivity during the third and three lactations, depending on the age of the fetus, were studied calving heifers.
 The average duration of the service period (SP) was 130 days, and the lactation period (LP) was 334 days in the cows of the State Enterprise "Chaika" of the UBWD breed for the third lactation. Milk yield was equal to 8334 kg with a fat content of 3.78%, and daily yield of milk was 24 kg. The best were cows that were impregnated with heifers at the age of 12–18 months.
 For three lactations, the average duration of SP was 154 days and LP was 361 days, and the milk yield was 9315 kg with a fat content of 3.78%. The daily yield of milk was at the level of 25.7 kg. Younger cows had the best performance.
 In the cows of CJSC "Agro-Region" of the third lactation (142 cows), the post-calving recovery period (RP) lasted an average of 78 days, the service period – 114 days. and lactation – 328 days. with a yield of 7.558 kg, the fat content of milk was 3.77%, and the daily yield was 23.1 kg.
 The best economic indicators were cows of the Holstein and UBWD breeds. For three lactations in 508 considered cows, the average duration of RP was 74 days, SP – 120 days and LP – 338 days. The yield of milk was at the level of 7.823 kg with a fat content of 3.75%, and the daily yield was 23.5 kg. The best indicators for the third lactation and for three lactations were cows of the Holstein and UBWD breeds.
 Experiments proved the economic feasibility of inseminating heifers at the age of 14–18 months, and well-developed heifers at 12–13 months, which positively affects the reproductive capacity and milk productivity of cows.

Сравнительная характеристика современных методов хирургического лечения доброкачественной гиперплазии предстательной железы (литературный обзор)

The article presents an overview of modern domestic and foreign literature, dedicated to the problem of surgical treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. There exists a wide range of approaches to surgical treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. A decision in favor of a certain method is individual and takes into account somatic status of the patient, peculiarities of growth of adenoma and the volume of prostate. In the article, a general tendency of using different endourologic interventions is emphasized. In case of moderate dimensions of the prostate the preferable methods are endoscopic enucleation, transurethral resection and photoselective vaporization of the prostate that are comparable in terms of functional, morphological parameters and duration of recovery period. However, application of non-invasive transurethral interventions in case of the gland volume more than 80 cm3 is limited and requires further improvement of surgical technique. Aquablation, transurethral microwave thermotherapy are promising methods requiring further independent randomized studies.

Impact of high-intensity interval training on cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition, physical fitness, and metabolic parameters in older adults: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

High-intensity interval training (HIIT) can effectively increase peak oxygen consumption, body composition, physical fitness, and health-related characteristics of adults; however, its impact in the older population remains highly debated. This review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effects of high-intensity interval training on cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition, physical fitness, and health-related outcomes in older adults. Four electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Medline, and Web of Science) were searched (until July 2020) for randomized trials comparing the effect of HIIT on physical fitness, metabolic parameters, and cardiorespiratory fitness in older adults. The Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool was used to evaluate the methodological quality of the included studies; Stata 14.0 software was used for statistical analysis. HIIT significantly improved the maximum rate of oxygen consumption (VO2peak) as compared to a moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) protocol (HIIT vs. MICT: weighted mean difference=1.74, 95% confidence interval: 0.80-2.69, p<0.001). Additional subgroup analyses determined that training periods >12weeks, training frequencies of 2 sessions/week, session lengths of 40min, 6 sets and repetitions, training times per repetition of >60s, and rest times of <90s were more effective for VO2peak. This systematic review and meta-analysis showed that HIIT induces favorable adaptions in cardiorespiratory fitness, physical fitness, muscle power, cardiac contractile function, mitochondrial citrate synthase activity, and reduced blood triglyceride and glucose levels in older individuals, which may help to maintain aerobic fitness and slow down the process of sarcopenia.

76 Compensatory growth following lysine restriction in grow-finish pigs: literature review and analysis

Abstract A literature review on compensatory growth induced by lysine restriction in grow-finish pigs was conducted. First, a database was developed to standardize comparisons across the peer-reviewed literature and characterize the occurrence of compensatory growth. Publications had to include: pigs with minimum initial weight of 15 kg; a group of “non-restricted pigs” not subjected to a restriction period; a group of “restricted pigs” subjected to a restriction period induced by decreasing lysine alone, lysine and other amino acids, or crude protein in diets; a recovery period following the restriction period in which the same diet was fed to restricted and non-restricted pigs; and ad libitum feed consumption. The database included 14 publications and 57 comparisons expressed as relative differences between restricted pigs and non-restricted pigs. The database analysis categorized compensatory growth into complete, incomplete, and no compensatory growth, and characterized the patterns of restriction and recovery in each category (Table 1). The data analysis supports that compensatory growth induced by lysine restriction in grow-finish pigs occurs. The degree of lysine restriction as well as restriction and recovery duration seem critical in explaining differences between complete and incomplete compensatory growth. Also, inadequate lysine level in the recovery period seems to be associated with incomplete or no compensatory growth. Compensatory growth is more likely if: degree of lysine restriction is between 10 to 30%; lysine restriction is induced before pigs reach their maximum protein deposition; duration of lysine restriction is short and duration of recovery period is long; and lysine level in the recovery period is close to or above the estimated requirements.

A review of compensatory growth following lysine restriction in grow-finish pigs1

Compensatory growth induced by lysine (Lys) restriction in grow-finish pigs is a complex physiological process affected by many factors and interactions, principally genotype, stage of growth at restriction, nature of nutritional restriction, and patterns of restriction and recovery. The scarcity of standard comparisons across the literature has hindered the characterization of important determinants of compensatory growth. Therefore, the present publication aims to review the current state of knowledge on compensatory growth induced by Lys restriction in grow-finish pigs, develop a database from peer-reviewed literature to standardize comparisons to characterize the occurrence of compensatory growth, and provide practical considerations for compensatory growth under field conditions. The literature search focused on publications directly or indirectly evaluating compensatory growth by having a period of Lys restriction followed by a recovery period of Lys sufficiency for grow-finish pigs. The database included 14 publications and 57 comparisons expressed as relative differences of restricted pigs compared to nonrestricted pigs. The database analysis described compensatory growth into complete, incomplete, and no compensatory growth categories and characterized the patterns of restriction and recovery in each category. The review of literature and database analysis supports the occurrence of compensatory growth induced by Lys restriction in grow-finish pigs. The degree of Lys restriction and duration of restriction and recovery periods seem to be critical in explaining differences between complete and incomplete compensatory growth, whereas Lys level in the recovery period seems to be critical between incomplete or no compensatory growth. Compensatory growth seems to be more likely if: 1) the degree of Lys restriction is between 10% and 30%; 2) Lys restriction is induced before pigs reach their maximum protein deposition; 3) duration of Lys restriction is short (maximum 40–45% overall duration) and duration of recovery period is long (minimum 55–60% overall duration); and 4) Lys level in recovery is close to or above the estimated requirements. In addition, compensatory growth can occur under commercial conditions and there seems to be an opportunity to exploit compensatory growth in grow-finish pigs to reduce feed cost and improve feed efficiency under certain market conditions.

Massage and Performance Recovery: A Meta-Analytical Review.

Post-exercise massage is one of the most frequently applied interventions to enhance recovery of athletes. However, evidence to support the efficacy of massage for performance recovery is scarce. Moreover, it has not yet been concluded under which conditions massage is effective. The objective of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of the available literature on massage for performance recovery. We conducted a structured literature search and located 22 randomized controlled trials. These were analysed with respect to performance effects and various characteristics of the study design (type and duration of massage, type of exercise and performance test, duration of recovery period, training status of subjects). Of the 22 studies, 5 used techniques of automated massage (e.g., vibration), while the other 17 used classic manual massage. A tendency was found for shorter massage (5-12 min) to have larger effects (+6.6%, g = 0.34) than massage lasting more than 12 min (+1.0%, g = 0.06). The effects were larger for short-term recovery of up to 10 min (+7.9%, g = 0.45) than for recovery periods of more than 20 min (+2.4%, g = 0.08). Although after high-intensity mixed exercise, massage yielded medium positive effects (+14.4%, g = 0.61), the effects after strength exercise (+3.9%, g = 0.18) and endurance exercise (+1.3%, g = 0.12) were smaller. Moreover, a tendency was found for untrained subjects to benefit more from massage (+6.5%, g = 0.23) than trained athletes (+2.3%, g = 0.17). The effects of massage on performance recovery are rather small and partly unclear, but can be relevant under appropriate circumstances (short-term recovery after intensive mixed training). However, it remains questionable if the limited effects justify the widespread use of massage as a recovery intervention in competitive athletes.

The special features of perioperative period in patients after antireflux surgery

The aim of this work was the study of the special features of intraoperative and early postoperative period course in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease after antireflux surgery carried out from laparoscopic and traditional laparotomy approach. Materials and methods. There were analyzed the results of examination and surgical treatment of 136 patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease treated at SI A.A. Shalimov “National Institute of surgery and transplantology” NAMSU from 2005 to 2015 year. The main group included 93 patients who underwent laparoscopic surgery, the control one – 43 patients who underwent surgery by traditional open method. There was carried out monitoring of the main parameters of vital functions every three hours after surgery, recovery terms of intestine peristaltic activity, pain syndrome intensity, analyzed the dynamics of changes of the typical GERD complaints, its intensity, the development of early postoperative complications. The results of research. Duration of laparoscopic surgeries did not differ from the open ones but intraoperative hemorrhage and prolonged artificial pulmonary ventilation, postoperative patient day were less than in the control group. At the same time the main parameters of the organism vital functions (systolic and diastolic arterial pressure, respiration rate, heart rate, oxygen blood saturation) were better in patients of the main group. In the group of patients operated by laparascopic approach intensity and duration of pain syndrome were less than in patients operated by open approach and also was noticed an early activation and recovery of intestinal peristalsis in these patients. Conclusions. Both laparoscopic and open approaches at antireflux surgeries in early postoperative period are effective. The received data testifies to the less traumatism, less duration of recovery period at videoendoscopic surgeries that by-turn decreases the risk of postoperative complications development, reduces the necessity of medicaments prescription. Laparoscopic surgeries are the method of choice at the surgical treatment of patients with GERD

Effect of partial bladder outlet obstruction and reversal on rabbit bladder physiology and biochemistry: duration of recovery period and severity of function

To use a rabbit model of partial bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) to investigate the point at which obstructive bladder dysfunction becomes irreversible. Partial BOO was induced in New Zealand White rabbits. It was then reversed and the rabbits were allowed to recover for 4, 8 or 12 weeks. Both at the time of reversal and at the end of the study, the rabbits were grouped according to bladder decompensation level (mild, intermediate or severe) based on bladder mass (weight). A strong correlation was observed between the production and distribution of collagen and the reduction of smooth muscle contractile function. We found that only in the bladders that were severely decompensated at the time of reversal did collagen levels not decrease. The data show that recovery of function after reversal of partial BOO is directly related primarily to collagen levels at the time of reversal.

Comparison of pre- vs. post-incisional caudal bupivacaine for postoperative analgesia in unilateral pediatric herniorrhaphy: A double-blind randomized clinical trial

Introduction:This study was designed to evaluate the pre- vs. post-incisional analgesic efficacy of bupivacaine administered caudally in children undergoing unilateral hernia repair.Methods:Fifty children aged 6 months to 6 years were included in the study. Children were divided blindly between the two groups to receive pre- vs. post-incisional caudal bupivacaine. The preincisional group received 1 ml/kg of 0.125% bupivacaine caudally after induction of anesthesia and the postincisional group received the same dose caudally at the end of surgery. Heart rate, SaO2, end tidal CO2, and noninvasive arterial blood pressure were recorded every 10 min. The duration of surgery, extubation time, and duration of recovery period were also recorded. The pain scores were measured with using an Oucher chart in the recovery room, 2, 4, 6, 12, and 24 h after surgery. Time to first analgesia, numbers of supplementary analgesics required by each child in a 24-h period and total analgesic consumptions were recorded. Any local and systemic complications were recorded. Quantitative data were compared using a two-tailed t-test. Sex distribution and frequency of acetaminophen consumption were measured using χ2 test. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results:The Oucher pain scale at 4, 6, 12, and 24 h after surgery, the total analgesic consumption and the numbers of demand for supplemental acetaminophen were lower statistically in preincisional group (P < 0.05). Extubation time and duration were higher in preincisional group (P < 0.05). Mean changes of heart rates were statistically lower during the anesthesia period and recovery time in preincisional group (P < 0.05).Conclusion:Preincisional caudal analgesia with a single injection of 0.125% bupivacaine is more effective than the postincisional one for postoperative pain relief and analgesic consumption in unilateral pediatric herniorrhaphy.

Long-term after-effects of cold exposure in adult Alphitobius diaperinus (Tenebrionidae): the need to link survival ability with subsequent reproductive success

1. The effects of cold acclimation and cold exposure on the survival and reproductive capabilities of Alphitobius diaperinus (Tenebrionidae) adult beetles are examined. 2. First, the impact of temperature on survival duration was assessed by placing beetles in a range of cool temperature treatments. Second, the importance of acclimation duration was assessed. Third, the impact of thermal stress on subsequent reproductive ability was examined for beetles that had no previous cold exposure, and for beetles that had been subjected to previous cold exposure (i.e. acclimated) at various conditions, including fluctuating temperatures. 3. In all groups, the number of recorded survivors was strongly impacted by recovery period duration (i.e. 2 vs. 10 days). Survival of non-acclimated and 3-day acclimated beetles, expressed as lethal time for 50% of the samples, was reduced significantly when the insects were re-assessed for survival at 10 days after being returned to optimal growth conditions (7.9 ± 0.4 vs. 5.1 ± 0.6 days and 8.8 ± 0.5 vs. 6.8 ± 0.6 days, respectively). 4. Insects that had been subject to cold acclimation expressed better subsequent reproduction success than non-acclimated beetles. This beneficial impact increased when the acclimation period was prolonged, but some longer acclimation periods had no significant impact on survival. 5. Our results indicate that cold exposure has the capacity to irreversibly damage the reproductive system and that insect survival depends on the duration of the recovery period. Both the survival ability and subsequent reproductive output have to be examined to objectively determine insect cold resistance.

Trunk Flexion and Musculoskeletal Stress during Light Assembly Work

Mild trunk flexion held during working tasks throughout the day is considered a risk factor for low back pain. Exactly how the duration of these postures impacts the low back musculature during work tasks is not well understood. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the temporal variation of mild trunk flexion and erect standing postures on low back discomfort and muscular fatigue, defined as a decrease in torso extension strength, during a realistic light assembly task. Study participants performed light assembly tasks for 20 minutes while in mild trunk flexion for periods of either 30 or 60 seconds, followed by recovery periods in which they stood erect, for periods of either 15, 30, 60, or 120 sec. Localized muscle discomfort, decreases in torso extension strength, and muscle activity of erector spinae were recorded. Duration of recovery period had a statistically significant effect on localized muscle discomfort of the lower back, upper back, and shoulders. Duration of trunk flexion and recovery time had an interactive effect on decreases in torso extension strength, for which strength decreased with decreasing recovery time and was more pronounced for trunk flexion periods of 60 sec rather than 30 sec. The mean RMS erector spinae muscle activity during mild trunk flexion was approximately 25% of the measured maximum voluntary RMS muscle activity across all conditions. The results suggest that it is the temporal pattern of muscular trunk flexion, and not the total time spent in trunk flexion, that affects localized discomfort and muscular fatigue of the low back.

The Effect of Mild Trunk Flexion on Musculoskeletal Stress during Light Assembly Work

The major objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of mild trunk flexion on localized muscle discomfort in a realistic light assembly task. Secondary objectives included evaluating two instruments commonly used to measure muscular discomfort, determining the level of erector spinae muscle activity during mild trunk flexion, and determining how well low back discomfort predicted loss of torso extension muscle strength. Participants performed a light assembly tasks for 20 minutes while in mild trunk flexion for periods of either 30 or 60 seconds, followed by recovery periods, in which participants stood erect, for periods of either 15, 30, 60 or 120 seconds. Duration of recovery period had a statistically significant effect on localized muscle discomfort of the lower back, upper back and shoulders. Duration of trunk flexion and recovery time had an interactive effect on loss of torso extension strength. Differences in performance between the two discomfort ratings scales were found.

Cotton compensatory growth after loss of reproductive organs as affected by availability of resources and duration of recovery period.

Damaged cotton plants in which reproductive organs were manually removed to simulate shedding induced by Helicoverpa spp. (Lepidoptera) were compared with undamaged controls grown under contrasting availability of resources. Plant growth and partitioning were analysed and fruit mass was taken as a measure of compensation. Under high availability of resources (low plant density, high fertility) damaged plants had a large potential compensatory capacity due to increased vegetative growth that enhanced their ability to assimilate carbon and nitrogen with respect to undamaged controls. These plants shifted from vegetative to reproductive growth when they were allowed to set fruit in the recovery period. Actual compensation was complete, however, only when the duration and conditions of the recovery period were favourable. Under multiple stresses (high plant density, low fertility, low temperature), damage triggered a marked increase in the allocation of biomass to roots which was not reversed when plants were allowed to set fruit. The apparent shift in the allocation pattern of damaged plants under stress-which matches well the survival strategy described for many perennials-probably restricted compensatory fruit growth.

Laparoscopic Left Adrenalectomy for Aldosteronoma: Early Mayo Clinic Experience

To evaluate early results with laparoscopic left adrenalectomy in patients with an aldosteronoma.We retrospectively reviewed the medical records to Mayo patients in whom laparoscopic left adrenalectomy had been attempted for presumed aldosteronoma.Data on the diagnosis, details about the procedure, occurrence of associated complications, and duration of recovery period were analyzed for all study patients.Of the nine patients who underwent attempted laparoscopic left adrenalectomy, seven had aldosteronoma. In six of the seven patients, the procedure was successful. No preoperative mortality occurred, and morbidity was limited to prolonged ileus in one patient. Of the other five patients with successful results, all tolerated liquids within 24 hours after the procedure. The mean postoperative hospital stay for the six patients with successful laparoscopic procedures was 2.3 days, and four patients were dismissed within 48 hours after the procedure.Laparoscopic adrenalectomy is a safe alternative for the management of aldosteronoma of the left adrenal gland.

Laparoscopic left adrenalectomy for aldosteronoma: early Mayo Clinic experience.

To evaluate early results with laparoscopic left adrenalectomy in patients with an aldosteronoma. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records to Mayo patients in whom laparoscopic left adrenalectomy had been attempted for presumed aldosteronoma. Data on the diagnosis, details about the procedure, occurrence of associated complications, and duration of recovery period were analyzed for all study patients. Of the nine patients who underwent attempted laparoscopic left adrenalectomy, seven had aldosteronoma. In six of the seven patients, the procedure was successful. No preoperative mortality occurred, and morbidity was limited to prolonged ileus in one patient. Of the other five patients with successful results, all tolerated liquids within 24 hours after the procedure. The mean postoperative hospital stay for the six patients with successful laparoscopic procedures was 2.3 days, and four patients were dismissed within 48 hours after the procedure. Laparoscopic adrenalectomy is a safe alternative for the management of aldosteronoma of the left adrenal gland.

Significance of Age and Physical Fitness for the Stressing of Subjects in Complex Exposure Situations

Although it would be very valuable in preventing health hazards, we have only limited knowledge of the effects of age and physical fitness on the strenuousness of exposure situations and on the duration of recovery periods. Therefore, this study was set up to examine the differences in the subjective experience of stressfulness between persons of different ages and physical fitness levels, when the subjects were exposed either separately or simultaneously to noise, whole body vibration, physical dynamic muscular work and mental competition type work at relatively high ambient temperatures. The subjects were males representing three age groups: under 25, 26 to 39 and over 40 years of age. The study was performed in a special exposure chamber, and it involved a total of 192 subjects. One personal test took 5½ hours and consisted of several consecutive exposure periods of 16 min. During the test the subjects rated their feelings of stressfulness four times using a five-class scale. The physical fitness of the subjects was tested with a bicycle ergometer, and the results were used to calculate the physical working capacity (PWC170-value) and the maximum oxygen intake (VO22 max-value). The report discusses the results and draws conclusions on the evaluation of complex exposure situations. Some suggestions are made as to the practical application of the results in standardization work considering the combined effects of noise and vibration.

Studies on duration of a late recovery period after chronic abuse of ethanol. A cross-sectional study of biochemical and psychiatric indicators.

A cross-sectional study on patients with different abstinence time was performed to describe long-time biochemical and psychiatric changes due to withdrawal from heavy alcohol abuse. Physical, neurological, psychiatric and biochemical parameters were measured in 70 patients with a withdrawal period ranging from 2-90 days. The various parameters changed over time in different manners. Fatigability, reduced sleep, reduced sexual interest, apparent sadness, hostility and global ratings of abstinence improved significantly with the duration of the recovery period. Symptoms related to brain hyperexcitability such as fatigability, inner tension, insomnia and pains persisted for approximately 5 weeks. Of the biochemical parameters, the transaminases were normal in patients with more than 10 days of abstinence, while the levels of gamma-glutamyltransferase and HDL-cholesterol remained high for longer periods. The essential fatty acid status, measured by the fatty acid composition of serum lecithin, appeared to be normal only in patients with long recovery time. MAO in platelets was significantly lower than in the controls. The highest values were seen in the early recovery phase, which may indicate a temporary increase. Since polyunsaturated fatty acids are important constituents of synaptic membranes and since platelet MAO may reflect brain MAO, we consider these co-existing findings important in the interpretation of the psychiatric symptoms. The study demonstrated the existence of a subacute withdrawal syndrome lasting for 4-6 weeks.

THE ELECTRICAL ACTIVATION OF PASSIVE IRON WIRES IN NITRIC ACID

1. The relation between the E. M. F. and the minimal duration of an activating current has been determined for passive iron wires in nitric acid under varying conditions of concentration of acid, duration of recovery period, and presence of surface-action compounds. 2. The characteristic intensity-duration curves resemble those of irritable living tissues with moderate speeds of response to stimulation (with chronaxies of the order of 10 to 30sigma). 3. The intensity of the current required for activation, as well as its minimal effective duration for a given intensity, increases rapidly with increase in the concentration of HNO(3). 4. The responsiveness of the iron wire to brief currents is low immediately after activation and returns progressively to the original level during the immediately following period, at first rapidly and then slowly, following a time curve resembling the corresponding curve of living tissues during the relative refractory period. 5. Surface-active compounds decrease reversibly, to a degree dependent on concentration, the responsiveness of iron wires to brief currents. 6. Conditions are described under which the iron wire is activated by the break of an already flowing constant current.