Studies on duration of a late recovery period after chronic abuse of ethanol. A cross-sectional study of biochemical and psychiatric indicators.

Abstract

A cross-sectional study on patients with different abstinence time was performed to describe long-time biochemical and psychiatric changes due to withdrawal from heavy alcohol abuse. Physical, neurological, psychiatric and biochemical parameters were measured in 70 patients with a withdrawal period ranging from 2-90 days. The various parameters changed over time in different manners. Fatigability, reduced sleep, reduced sexual interest, apparent sadness, hostility and global ratings of abstinence improved significantly with the duration of the recovery period. Symptoms related to brain hyperexcitability such as fatigability, inner tension, insomnia and pains persisted for approximately 5 weeks. Of the biochemical parameters, the transaminases were normal in patients with more than 10 days of abstinence, while the levels of gamma-glutamyltransferase and HDL-cholesterol remained high for longer periods. The essential fatty acid status, measured by the fatty acid composition of serum lecithin, appeared to be normal only in patients with long recovery time. MAO in platelets was significantly lower than in the controls. The highest values were seen in the early recovery phase, which may indicate a temporary increase. Since polyunsaturated fatty acids are important constituents of synaptic membranes and since platelet MAO may reflect brain MAO, we consider these co-existing findings important in the interpretation of the psychiatric symptoms. The study demonstrated the existence of a subacute withdrawal syndrome lasting for 4-6 weeks.